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Section 3: Biomass pyrolysis ...... 5

Chapter 10 (Frederik Ronsse et al.): Biochar: A regional Supply production ...... 6 Chain Approach in View of Chapter 11 (Byungho Song et al.): Pyrolysis Climate Change Mitigation application of biomass char ...... 6 Chapter 12 (Basak Uzun et al.): Pyrolysis: A sustainable way from Waste to Energy ...... 6 Book outline and short descriptions of Chapter 13 (Maliwan Haruthaithanasan et al.): The registered contributions, Reference for role of biochar production for sustainable authors development in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia ...... 6 Section 4: Biochar-Soil Interactions ...... 6

Chapter 14 (Gerhard Soja et al.): Biochar applications to agricultural soils in temperate climate – more than carbon sequestration? ...... 7 Table of contents Chapter 15 (Deborah Page-Dumroese et al.):

Opportunities and Uses of Biochar on Forest Sites Purpose of this document ...... 1 in North America ...... 7 Preparation of the manuscript (this will be updated in Chapter 16 (Ibrahim Ortas et al.): Role of further versions of this document) ...... 2 mycorrhiza and biochar on plant growth and soil The book in a nutshell ...... 2 quality ...... 7 Section 1: Introduction and Overview ...... 3 Chapter 17 (Rebecca Hood-Nowotny et al.): Use of stable isotopes in understanding the impact of Chapter 1 (Viktor Bruckman et al.): Biochar for biochar on the nitrogen cycle ...... 7 climate change mitigation: the FOREBIOM Chapter 18 (Thavivongse Sriburi et al.): Practical experience ...... 3 experience of biochar amendment in Thailand ..... 8 Chapter 2 (Nate Anderson et al.): A supply chain

approach of a biochar system ...... 3 Chapter 3 (Rick Bergman et al.): Life-cycle analysis Purpose of this document of biochar ...... 3 The main purpose of the current document is Chapter 4 (Saran Sohi et al.): Drivers and to inform authors about the context of their sustainable strategies for biochar deployment in Europe's plantation ...... 4 chapters. This should allow each author to reduce the risk of redundant presentations Chapter 5 (Robert Wagner et al.): Biochar as an integrated and decentralized environmental (specifically within sections) and to allow management tool in the Botanic Garden Berlin – other involved authors to understand the Dahlem ...... 4 background of other chapters. It should also Section 2: Sustainable biomass for pyrolysis ...... 4 help to ensure coherence throughout the

Chapter 6 (Michael Englisch et al.): Sustainable entire book. The given information is based on Biomass for Pyrolysis ...... 4 communications with the authors over the last Chapter 7 (Eduard Hochbichler et al.): Sustainable few months, the information provided at the biomass potentials from coppice forests for author registration, as well as their pyrolysis: chances and limitations ...... 4 submissions to the FOREBIOM Workshop. The Chapter 8 (Mun Tang et al.): Towards titles are to be understood as working titles, Environmental & Economic Sustainability via changes are still possible. It should act as a Biomass Industry: The Malaysian Case Study ...... 5 rough guideline for the respective chapters, Chapter 9 (Betül Uygur et al.): Carbon but the chapters may not be limited by this sequestration potentials of forest biomass in abstract. Turkey ...... 5

1 Reference for authors V2

Some of the short abstracts below come with n_text_references.asp#harvard. We comments of the Editor (in red). Please review suggest literature management them and let me know your opinion or software (e.g. EndNote) that has pre- suggestions for abstract modifications. installed presets of the Harvard reference style. Preparation of the manuscript (this will be The book in a nutshell updated in further versions Our aim is to present a regional supply chain of this document) approach for biochar production and application, in view of climate change The publisher contacted me again to mitigation and adaptation strategies. emphasize the importance of the Therefore, we have included experts from quality of figures and tables. If major climate regions (temperate, possible, use tables generated by your mediterranean and tropical). The book will word processor, without unnecessary establish direct links between theoretical formatting. Please refer to chapters and actual case studies. It consists of http://authornet.cambridge.org/infor 4 main sections: mation/productionguide/stm/submitti ng_in_word.asp for details. Section 1 provides a general overview and introduction of biochar systems. It identifies Figures the current status of biochar research, open Figures need to be of very high questions as well as chances and limitations resolution (1.200 and 300 dpi for line for climate change mitigation/adaptation and half-tone/photo figures strategies. In addition to that, a separate respectively) and you need to obtain chapter will present a biochar life cycle permission for figures that were not assessment that identifies the carbon produced by you or the co-authors footprint of a biochar system. specifically for this book. This applies In section 2, we present potential sources for even if you are about to publish a biomass as large amounts will be needed in figure that was published before order to effectively influence carbon budgets. although you are the original author of Authors from Austria, Turkey and Malaysia that figure. Keep in mind that the type present their view on potential sources in of permission should be print and terms of quality and quantity, as well as digital (for the PDF-version of the limitations, with respect to current biomass book). We suggest to ask for markets and its projected future permission as soon as possible as this development. The impact of land process may takes a few weeks and management (for biomass cultivation) and we have a tight time schedule for the land use change on carbon budgets will be entire book project. presented as well in order to get a holistic References view on a potential biochar system.

References should be formatted Section 3 represents pyrolysis, the process of according to the Harvard (author- converting biomass into biochar. Pyrolysis will date) format: be discussed with emphasis on settings http://authornet.cambridge.org/infor (temperature, type, duration etc.) and their mation/productionguide/stm/notes_o influence on the resulting properties, in view

2 Reference for authors V2 of soil amendment and stable carbon country specific challenges and research fractions. Sustainability assessments, different needs and potential solutions. Aspects of production scales and the characterization of sustainable biomass supply and competition by-products, such as syngas or acidic fractions with other markets, economic considerations, will be included here. and on pyrolysis and on biochar and soil interactions will be presented. Results of the The final section 4 aims at addressing the workshops 1-3 will be presented and linked to complex interactions between biochar and actual data from our field experiments that soil. Carbon stability is an important measure will be briefly presented. The entire chapter in climate change mitigation, but likewise represents a review on the current state of adaptation can build on significant the art knowledge on biochar for climate improvements of certain soil parameters (e.g. change mitigation and the role of the water holding capacity). Among others, we FOREBIOM project in this nexus. will address the role of nitrogen and present biochar mycorrhiza relations and present a Chapter 2 (Nate Anderson et al.): A practical case study from vegetable supply chain approach of a biochar production on biochar amended soils in system Thailand. This chapter will set the stage for sustainability, pyrolysis conversion, applications, case studies and soil interactions Section 1: Introduction and in the framework of industrial supply chain Overview engineering and management. It will briefly examine each component of the supply chain as it applies to biochar used as a soil Section 1 consists of an introduction and a amendment, and then cover several key topics summary of the key topics of concern in a that are central to the understanding and biochar system in view of climate change management of effective and efficient biochar mitigation and additional benefits. Here we supply chains. It will also lay the foundation also include a supply chain assessment (from for a clear understanding of the LCA of biochar feedstock to the final product) as well as a life products and applications in the forthcoming cycle assessment of biochar from the end-user sections. point of view. An example for a currently working biochar system is given from the Chapter 3 (Rick Bergman et al.): Life- Botanical Gardens Berlin (Germany), where cycle analysis of biochar waste biomass is recycled as biochar into a A holistic view that covers the entire supply growth medium. chain will be presented here, with a focus on the biomass conversion step. The LCA tries to assess the environmental impact associated with all steps of the biochar system, from Chapter 1 (Viktor Bruckman et al.): feedstock production to soil amendment. Biochar for climate change mitigation: Editor: It would be interesting to sketch here the FOREBIOM experience the possibilities to influence the impacts – This chapter aims at a summary of the book from a geoengineering point of view. This will chapters and presents results of the be essential if we want biochar amendment to FOREBIOM project. It will present the status of be an efficient GHG mitigation strategy. As biochar research and application in different discussed earlier, you may present a holistic regions of the world and explain the major

3 Reference for authors V2 view (review) that comes with certain case This example shows very well the potential of studies (on biomass conversion I assume). a functioning biochar system as a tool for mitigation of climate change including all Chapter 4 (Saran Sohi et al.): Drivers and steps of a biochar life cycle, from sustainable sustainable strategies for biochar biomass to the utilization of biochar as a deployment in Europe's plantation compost, substrate and soil amendment and forestry therefore concludes the first section with a Plantation forests are seen as a potential generic point of view. source of biomass for energy and industrial feedstock materials. In contrast to traditional forestry, forest plantations may deliver large Section 2: Sustainable biomass amounts of biomass in relatively short for pyrolysis rotations. Highly mechanized systems require a high degree of accessibility as it is the case in agricultural systems. In order to avoid conflicts This section deals with potential biomass between agriculture and biomass production resources (with focus on forestry), its (competition for land), plantation forests are availability, economical as well as ecological usually set up on marginal lands, where constraints, and competition with existing biochar may provide essential benefits for a markets (bioenergy sector). sustainable production (e.g. soil nutrient retention, reduction of GHG emissions, water Chapter 6 (Michael Englisch et al.): holding capacity). Editor: It would be Sustainable Biomass for Pyrolysis interesting to propose a closed cycle of The focus here will be sustainable forest biochar production from plantation forests biomass potentials in Austria, in context of the that is recycled back in such plantations, while ecosystem production capacity, competing syngas and other byproducts are further used. markets for biomass and accessibility. The work is based on the national forest inventory V2 Chapter 5 (Robert Wagner et al.): as it is conducted by the author’s institution. Biochar as an integrated and Issues such as soil degradation as a decentralized environmental consequence of excess nutrient extractions management tool in the Botanic Garden and will be considered. The Berlin – Dahlem development of appropriate harvesting A fully functional material cycle was restrictions based on site classifications will be established in the Botanic Garden Berlin- described. Dahlem with a number of economic and ecological benefits. Lignified materials Chapter 7 (Eduard Hochbichler et al.): (pruning and stem wood) from maintenance Sustainable biomass potentials from operations is being pyrolized and used as a coppice forests for pyrolysis: chances supplement for composting and growth and limitations medium. The production of high quality Coppice forests are of very distinct biochar compost reduces the purchase of significance for biomass production as this external compost and peat. In addition type of forest played an important role for biochar could be used as a storage medium producing fuelwood in the past and gains for nutrients contained in human urine from increasing attention as a potential source for park visitors. The amount of which biomass again. Usually situated on marginal has to be purchased could also be reduced. land, there is hardly any competition with agriculture. It is recently re-discovered as a

4 Reference for authors V2 potential source for forest biomass produced aim of this book will be climate change in an agriculture-like system (naturally short mitigation by using biochar. Therefore, try to rotations) which is adapted to drought and identify potential resources that have the requires little maintenance costs. In addition, potential to serve as a feedstock for biochar coppice forests are considered a hotspot for production and it would be a benefit if you biodiversity and the potentials for biomass have information if biochar can be used in production are not well known. Extraction of plantations (palm, rubber tree or pineapple, compartments with a relatively small diameter for instance). implies a relative higher extraction of base Chapter 9 (Betül Uygur et al.): Carbon cations and therefore soil degradation sequestration potentials of forest (eventually after a few rotations) may become biomass in Turkey a problem. This chapter is of high significance Here we present the carbon sequestration because such systems exist worldwide, potentials of Turkish forests. This implies a especially in suburban regions (e.g. Vienna, closer look at the carbon stocks and Tokyo (Satoyama), as well as dry areas (e.g. harvesting potentials. This chapter will be Spain, Italy). Certainly there would be a high comparable to the one from Dr. Michael demand of biomass from such forest Englisch as the author is in a team that is ecosystems if biomass pyrolysis becomes responsible for the Turkish forest inventory more popular. and carbon reporting. The chapter tries to Chapter 8 (Mun Tang et al.): Towards assess natural C sequestration by forest Environmental & Economic ecosystems versus sequestration potentials of Sustainability via Biomass Industry: The biochar. Or in other words: Does it make Malaysian Case Study sense to convert biomass into char for the This contribution will focus on the Malaysian purpose of C sequestration or will we lose Case Study, but reflects the situation in a more soil C as a consequence of intensive number of other Southeast-Asian countries. forest management? Editor: Please include There are relatively little sustainable biomass the latter mentioned comparison of carbon resources from forests in these countries, but sequestration of forests versus more intensive cultivation of forest-like crops (e.g. oil palm, forest biomass utilization (for pyrolysis e.g.) rubber trees) is omnipresent. This implies and associated soil C loss etc… Would be great large potentials for biomass which can be if you can conclude if it makes sense to pyrolized. However, there are concerns increase forest biomass extractions for the regarding the sustainability (currently, sake of C sequestration/GHG mitigation or biomass from oil palm plantations is left on not. site to restore soil organic matter and recycle nutrients) as well as missing of legal frameworks and regulations. The authors will Section 3: Biomass pyrolysis present the biomass industry point of view, but this will be based on scientific research Here we present chapters dealing with conducted at FRIM (Forest Research Institute, pyrolysis, mainly describing different methods Malaysia). Editor: The proposed title narrows and feedstocks and their respective impact on the focus to Malaysia only. A Malaysian case the final product (biochar) and its properties study is fine, but you should bring this into in view of soil amendment. An assessment of context of the Asia-Pacific region (focus potential energy yields in comparison with Southeast Asia). Keep in mind that the overall

5 Reference for authors V2 conventional thermal biomass utilization Chapter 12 (Basak Uzun et al.): Pyrolysis: (combustion) will be included. A sustainable way from Waste to Energy The chapter aims at a sustainability Chapter 10 (Frederik Ronsse et al.): assessment of pyrolysis, with a focus on waste Biochar production materials (green waste) based on the products This chapter is devoted to the discussion of resulting from the pyrolysis process. This will pyrolysis methods and the associated impacts be assessed in terms of the energy yields, on the resulting products (biochar, biogas and process efficiency and capability to produce biooil), in specific on the biochar properties. tailored biochar with a specific environmental Editor: Please provide a good overview on function (e.g. carbon sequestration, water current pyrolysis methods and their impact on retention, reduction of GHG emissions, liming biochar properties, specifically carbon stability effect as a consequence of a pH-change, etc.). and soil functions. I would appreciate if you Editor: The authors should try in addition to can include an economic assessment (costs include a country-specific assessment on the and benefits of associated byproducts (e.g. potentials of biochar production from waste in heat) that would allow feasible large scale Turkey. pyrolysis, for instance). Perhaps you can define minimum criteria for biochar Chapter 13 (Maliwan Haruthaithanasan production if the ultimate aim is to sequester et al.): The role of biochar production for carbon and present tradeoffs that are perhaps sustainable development in Thailand, necessary to make the process feasible. Laos and Cambodia The chapter deals with biochar production and Chapter 11 (Byungho Song et al.): the traditional methods used in the SE-Asian Pyrolysis application of biomass char region. Discussed will be the benefits (small The aim here is to present the energetic scale, inexpensive, useful by-products, e.g. potential of biochar production, i.e. from an “wood vinegar”) versus the risks (pollution, engineering point of view. The question on gas limited influence on the final product) of such yield potentials and the associated kinetics of production methods. As the main aim is the gasification is part of this chapter. This is of production for high grade barbecue crucial interest for engineers in order to plan for domestic consumption and international pyrolysis reactors that are feasible from an export, it will assess the amounts of residues economic point of view. Bio-gas may be used (fine material) which is currently stored and for heating purposes (both drying incoming treated as waste material or sometimes biomass as well as room- and process heat) or pelletized. Editor: The focus should be on for producing electricity (via ORC process). biochar production (This is why I have added Editor: I suggest you include “the energetic the term in the title). It would be a benefit if potential” or “tradeoff between energy and you can elaborate on social implications (e.g. biochar production” in your title, to reflect the stable rural jobs), but maybe also mention potentials for energy bases on syngas health issues (dust/smoke). production during the pyrolysis process. You may also discuss the necessary scales at which energy production is feasible (at current state Section 4: Biochar-Soil of the art). Interactions

The final section 4 aims at addressing the complex interactions between soil and

6 Reference for authors V2 biochar: how does biochar affect soil Chapter 15 (Deborah Page-Dumroese et microbiology and consequently al.): Opportunities and Uses of Biochar mineralization? Further issues are long-term on Forest Sites in North America stability, biochar-nitrogen interactions, water This chapter draws conclusions from several retention, and reduction of GHG emissions. biochar experiments conducted in North The focus of this section should be clearly laid America. The feasibility of using in-woods fast on GHG mitigation and adaptation strategies pyrolysis to turn excess forest biomass into that can be achieved by using biochar as a soil bio-oil, syn-gas, and biochar will be amendment. determined. The resulting biochar may be subsequently applied in order to positively Chapter 14 (Gerhard Soja et al.): Biochar influence soil properties (nutrient leaching, applications to agricultural soils in water holding capacity). Especially latter can temperate climate – more than carbon contribute to increased resilience of a number sequestration? of forest stands in North America. The chapter Biochar as a boon for soil fertility in the tropics also elaborates on methods of applying still has to show that it is able to provide the biochar on forest sites (including biochar same benefits to soils in temperate regions. pellets). Here we present an Austrian study with the objective to analyze the extent of benefits Chapter 16 (Ibrahim Ortas et al.): Role of that biochar application offers to agricultural mycorrhiza and biochar on plant growth soils in Europe beyond its role as a carbon and soil quality sequestration strategy. Based on hypothesis Certainly, biochar amendment has both testing, several potential benefits of biochar positive and negative impacts on mycorrhizal were examined in a series of lab analyses, communities and it is necessary to understand greenhouse and field experiments. Three the mechanisms behind this in order to create hypotheses could be confirmed: biochar can the maximum benefit of biochar amendment protect groundwater by reducing the nitrate to the soil in terms of biomass productivity. migration in seepage water; biochar can Some mycorrhiza communities have been mitigate atmospheric greenhouse gas found to be very sensitive against changes in accumulation by reducing soil N2O emissions; soil chemistry (e.g. pH) and since biochar biochar can improve soil physical properties amendment has the potential to change by increasing water storage capacity. One chemistry significantly. It may create an hypothesis was only partly confirmed: biochar environment which is unsuitable for these supports the thriving of soil microorganisms specific species. On the other hand, biochar only in specific soil and climate settings. Two may be used to restore optimum conditions hypotheses were refuted: biochar does not for mycorrhiza (remediation approaches). The generally provide nutrients to plants except chapter will discuss interactions at the when produced from specific feedstocks or by biochar-mycorrhiza-plant nexus. combining it with mineral or organic Chapter 17 (Rebecca Hood-Nowotny et ; the cost effectiveness of biochar al.): Use of stable isotopes in application is not given under current understanding the impact of biochar on production costs if the existing benefits of the nitrogen cycle biochar are not transferable to financial value. This chapter assesses the impact of biochar amendment on nitrogen cycles using stable isotopes. Stable isotopes will play an important role in discovering the true

7 Reference for authors V2 mechanisms behind the yield increases observed in biochar amended systems. Editor: Can you elaborate a bit more on GHG emissions reduction (extend the current discussion) and C sequestration by using biochar, in specific, the role of nitrogen in this process.

Chapter 18 (Thavivongse Sriburi et al.): Practical experience of biochar amendment in Thailand The cultivation of white radish was improved (total yields) as a consequence of biochar amendment. He will explain the experimental setup and compare laboratory pot experiments with in-situ results and experience. A focus on his chapter lies in the assessment of the carbon cycle, specifically the carbon sequestration potential of their proposed cultivation method. This might be of specific interest for promoting eco-branding. The chapter demonstrates a practical example of biochar amendment in the soil and concludes section 4. Editor: Please try to include data on carbon balance (soil carbon stocks) if you have such.

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