View metadata, citation and similar papersDownloaded at core.ac.uk from http://mh.bmj.com/ on June 16, 2015 - Published by group.bmj.com brought to you by CORE provided by Birkbeck Institutional Research Online Critical medical humanities Positive affect as coercive strategy: conditionality, activation and the role of psychology in UK government workfare programmes Lynne Friedli,1 Robert Stearn2 1London, UK ABSTRACT This paper considers the role of psychology in formu- 2 Department of English and Eligibility for social security benefits in many advanced lating, gaining consent for and delivering neoliberal Humanities, School of Arts, Birkbeck, University of London, economies is dependent on unemployed and welfare reform, and the ethical and political issues London, UK underemployed people carrying out an expanding range this raises. It focuses on the coercive uses of psych- of job search, training and work preparation activities, ology in UK government workfare programmes: as Correspondence to as well as mandatory unpaid labour (workfare). an explanation for unemployment (people are Dr Lynne Friedli, 22 Mayton Increasingly, these activities include interventions unemployed because they have the wrong attitude or Street, London N7 6QR, UK;
[email protected] intended to modify attitudes, beliefs and personality, outlook) and as a means to achieve employability or notably through the imposition of positive affect. Labour ‘job readiness’ (possessing work-appropriate attitudes Accepted 9 February 2015 on the self in order to achieve characteristics said to and beliefs). The discourse of psychological deficit increase employability is now widely promoted. This has become an established feature of the UK policy work and the discourse on it are central to the literature on unemployment and social security and experience of many claimants and contribute to the view informs the growth of ‘psychological conditional- that unemployment is evidence of both personal failure ity’—the requirement to demonstrate certain atti- and psychological deficit.