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Zeszyty PRASOZNAWCZE KWARTALNIK OŚRODKA BADAN PRASOZNAWCZYCH Zeszyty PRASOZNAWCZE (ROCZNIK XXX JAKO KONTYNUACJA PRASY WSPÓŁCZESNEJ I DAWNEJ Z LAT 1958—1959) NR 3 (113) R. XXVIII KRAKÓW 1987 NR INDEKSU 38364 PL ISSN 0555-0025 RADA REDAKCYJNA Franciszek Adamski (Kraków), Kazimierz Kąkol (Warszawa), Ta­ deusz Kupis (Warszawa), Władysław Loranc (Warszawa), Henryk Markiewicz (Kraków), Julian Maślanka (Kraków), Józef Mądry (Katowice), Bogdan Michalski (Warszawa), Jerzy Myśliński (War­ szawa), Kazimierz Romaniuk (Warszawa), Alina Tepli-Kobielska (Warszawa), Marian Tyrowicz (Kraków) KOLEGIUM REDAKCYJNE Zbigniew Bajka, Jerzy Bralczyk, Paweł Dubiel, Sylwester Dziki, Tomasz Goban-Klas, Jan Kalkowski, Józef Kozak, Edmund Król, Bogusław Sławomir Kunda, Zofia Lewartowska, Teresa Lisicka, Jerzy Mikułowski Pomorski, Walery Pisarek, Henryk Siwek ZESPÓŁ REDAKCYJNY Paweł Dubiel (redaktor naczelny), Sylwester Dziki (redakcja techniczna), Józef Kozak (sekretarz redakcji), Maria Russ (dział artykułów), Dorota Tera- kowska; Danuta Harnik (korekta) WSPÓŁPRACOWNICY ZAGRANICZNI Prof. Aleksander F. Biereżnoj — Leningradslkij Gosudarsitwiennyj Uni- wiersitiet im. A. Żdanowa, Fäkultiet Żuirnalistyki ; prof. Roger Claus se — Université Libre de Bruxelles; dr Sheltoin A. Gunaratne — Mass Com­ munications Department, Moorhead State University (Minnesota) ; prof. James D. H all o ran — University of Leicester, Centre of Mass Communication Research; doc. Władimir W. Kielniik — Uralskij Gosudarstwiennyj Uni- wiersitiet im. M. Gorkogo, Fäkultiet Żurnalistiki, Swierdłowsk; iprof. William H. Melody — Programme on Information and Communication Tech­ nologies, London; prof. Dmytro Pry luk — Kijewskij Gosudarstwiennyj Uniwiersitiet im. T. Szewczenko, Fäkultiet Żurnalistiki; prof. Jewgienij P. Prochorow — Moskowskij Gosudarstwiennyj Uniwiersitiet im. Ło­ monosowa, Fäkultiet Żurnalistiki; prof. Karl-Heinz Röhr — Karl-Marx- -Universität, Sektion Journalistik, Leipzig; doc. Karl Erik Rosengren — Lunds Universitet, Sociologiska Institutionen; prof. Herbert J. Schiller — University of California, La Jolla; dr Benno Signitzer — Universität Salzburg, Institut für Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft; prof. Ste­ fan B. Stanczew — Sofijski Uniwersitet Kliment Ochridski, Fakultet Żurnalistiki;! dr Frank Okwu U g b o a j a h ) — University of Lagos, Depart­ ment of Mass Communication; prof, dr Tapio Varis — Rector of the Uni­ versity for Peace, Escazü (Kostaryka) PROJEKT OKŁADKI: Zygmunt Strychalski © Zeszyty Prasoznawcze, Kraków 1987 ADRES REDAKCJI: 31-150 Kraków, Rynek Kleparski 4, I piętro, tel. 22-20-12. Wydawca: Krakowskie Wydawnictwo Prasowe RSW „Prasa-Książka-Ruch", ul. Wiślna 2. Nakład 870 egz. Ark. wyd. 19. Ark. druk. 12,75. Papier offsetowy 70X100, B-l kl. III 80 g z Fa­ bryki Papieru we Włocławku. Numer został zamknięty i oddany do składu w maju 1987. Podpisano do druku i druk ukończono w sierpniu 1987. Zam. 1120/87. D-8. NUMER INDEKSU: 38364. PL ISSN 05S5-0025 Cena 200,— zł. Pismo rozprowadzane Jest wyłącznie w prenumeracie Prasowe Zakłady Graficzne w Krakowie, al. Pokoju 3 SPIS TREŚCI ROZPRAWY I ARTYKUŁY Andrzej Mazur, Maria Kozłowska: Prasa krajowa o opiece zdro­ wotnej (I) 5 Janusz Barta, Izabela Dobosz, Tomasz Traf as: Realizacja prawa do informacji i krytyki prasowej 11 Piotr Kołtunowski: Metody pracy propagandowej Krakauer Zeitung 23 PROBLEMY DZIENNIKARSTWA Felieton: temat (i kłopot) dla prasoznawcy (oprać. Dorota Terakowska) 41 Przeciw felietonistom (Jerzy Mikułowski Pomorski) 52 Język sprasowany (II) (Jerzy Bralczyk) 55 MATERIAŁY Jacek Dy r laga: Najmłodsze pokolenie dziennikarzy RSW .... 61 Waldemar Lodziński: Studencki świat wideo 71 » PRASA NA ŚWIECIE Lajos Bodnar: Węgierskie prawo prasowe 77 Bohdan Dzieciuchowicz: Prasa w Wielkiej Brytanii .... 83 RECENZJE, OMÓWIENIA, NOTY Sylwester Dziki: O bieżącej bibliografii prasy w badaniach praso- znawczych 95 Józef Kor pał a: Krótka historia bibliografii polskiej (Marian Tyro- wicz) s. 107; Jerzy W. Gajewski: Polskie czasopiśmiennictwo gór­ skie w latach 1945—1983 (Józef S. Waluś) s. 108; 40 lat ze Słowem (red. Józef Wójcik) (Sylwester Dziki) s. 110; Wiktor Lęgowi c z: Radio — ulotność słowa (Teresa Lisicka) s. 112; Yehiel Szeintuch, Wera Solomon: Preliminary Investory of Yiddish Dailies and Pe­ riodicals Published in Poland Between the Two Wars (Krzysztof Pi­ larczyk) s. 113; Fachzeitschriften zur Publizistik und Kommunikation (Hrsg. Heinz Dietrich Fischer) (Paweł Dubiel) s. 114; Ernesto Vera, Elio E. Constantin: El Periodismo y la lucha ideologica (Adam Komorowski) s. 117; Adrej Tuśer: Zrozumitelnost novinar- skych vypovedi ako predklad ich fcinnosti (Antoni Wontorczyk) s. 119; Oldo Drastich: Autori dvanastich redakcii, Oldo Drastich: Od autorov k citatelom (Antoni Wontorczyk) s. 120; Jana Kacaniova: Prostriedky masovej komunikacie a ucnovska mladeź (Teresa Lisic- ka) s. 122; Jifi Tomas, Danica Kozlovä: E. E. Kisch, Journalist and Fighter (Pawel Dubiel) s. 123; Julio Velez: La Poesia espa- fiola segun El Pais (1978—1983) (Adam Komorowski) s. 126 Korespondencja: „Prawo prasowe" (Bogdan Michalski) 127 Noty o nowościach wydawniczych 129 W CZASOPISMACH Przekazy i Opinie, styczeń—marzec 1986 (Teresa Lisicka) s. 131; Sugestie o nowych mediach (Czesław Biel) s. 132; Theorie und Praxis des so­ zialistischen Journalismus, II półrocze 1986 (Czesław Biel) s. 133; Xinwenxue Lunji, zeszyt 9 (Jerzy Abkowicz) s. 136; Publizistik, II półrocze 1986 (Paweł Dubiel) s. 138; Medienwissenschaft: Rezensio­ nen, rocznik 1986 (Pawel Dubiel) s. 140. Artykuły z czasopism 141 PRASA POLSKI LUDOWEJ. Kalendarium 1956 (I półrocze) (oprać. Syl­ wester Dziki) 145 KRONIKA NAUKOWA, SPRAWOZDANIA Zmarł Frank Ugboajah 155 Stanowisko Rady Prasowej w sprawie wykonywania zawodu dzienni­ karskiego w warunkach wdrażania reformy gospodarczej .... 155 Konferencja „Wideo — stan i perspektywy" (Piotr Gaweł) .... 156 INFORMACJE Z KRAJU I ZE ŚWIATA Kronika prasy polskiej (1 stycznia — 31 marca 1987) (oprać. Sylwester Dziki) 160 Kajecik Prasoznawczy (red. Sylwester Dziki) 164 Informacje 169 Z raptularza prasoznawcy 40, 76, 94, 130, 159, 169 (wybrał Czesław Biel), 54 (Joachim Glensk), 10, 106 (Stefan Kaduk) Резюме 181 Summary 185 ERRATA: w nrze 2/1987 ZP powinno być: na s. 103 w. 19 od dołu: Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny; na s. 106 w. 22 od góry: akceptowane; na s. 167 szp. prawa w. 2 od dołu i s. 168 szp. lewa w. 3 od góry: prof. Józef Kądzielski; na s. 184 szp. lewa w. 4 od góry: Medien Bulletin. Przepraszamy. Redakcja ROZPRAWY I ARTYKUŁY Zeszyty PRASOZNAWCZE Kraków 1987 R. XXVIII, nr 3 (113) ANDRZEJ MAZUR MARIA KOZŁOWSKA PRASA KRAJOWA O OPIECE ZDROWOTNEJ (I) Zainteresowanie służbą zdrowia i jej ocena w dziesięcioleciu 1976—1985 * Dr Andrzej Mazur i mgr Maria Kozłowska, socjologowie z Katedry Medycyny Społecznej AM w Łodzi, w ramach Resortowego Programu Badawczo-Rozwo­ jowego MZ-IV „Optymalizacja Opieki Zdrowotnej i Społecznej", przez ponad 10 lat systematycznie śledzili wypowiedzi prasowe na ten temat. Jest to opra­ cowanie oparte na wyjątkowo obszernym materiale — ok. 100 tys. publikacji z wszystkich dzienników i wielu czasopism (abonament w Biurze Wycinków Prasowych GLOB). Na tej podstawie przygotowali raport dla Ministerstwa Zdrowia i Opieki Społecznej, sponsora przedsięwzięcia. W bieżącym numerze publikujemy pierwszą z trzech części opracowania, które jest skrótem tego raportu. d stycznia 1976, korzystając z abonamentu w Biurze Wycinków OPrasowych GLOB, stystematycznie monitorujemy krajowe prze­ kazy prasowe dotyczące opieki zdrowotnej. Abonament ten obej­ muje wszystkie dzienniki centralne i regionalne, periodyki społecz­ no-polityczne i kulturalne oraz magazyny ilustrowane. Okresowo liczba pism znajdujących się w polu naszego widzenia osiągała 150 tytułów. Nie zajmujemy się pismami profesjonalnymi, jak np. Służba Zdrowia czy Nowy Medyk, które poświęcone są w całości opiece zdrowotnej i mają ograniczony i wyselekcjonowany krąg od­ biorców. Na podstawie przesyłanych nam przez GLOB wycinków praso­ wych wydajemy co tydzień biuletyn przeznaczony dla kierownictwa służby zdrowia. Ponadto każdy przekaz jest kodowany ze względu * Z Katedry Medycyny Społecznej AM w Łodzi. Finansowano ze środków Resortowego Programu Badawczo-Rozwojowego MZ-IV „Optymalizacja Opie­ ki Zdrowotnej i Społecznej". na jego zawartość merytoryczną i ocenną. W szczególności intere­ suje nas frekwencja przekazów i ocena dotycząca jednostek organi­ zacyjnych służby zdrowia oraz kadr medycznych. Przekazy prasowe o charakterze ocennym, a więc zawierające krytykę lub uznanie dla pracy służby zdrowia, wyliczamy dla każ­ dego analizowanego tematu stosując odpowiedni wskaźnik będący ilorazem wypowiedzi aprobujących i krytycznych. Gdy wskaźnik ten przybiera wartość wyższą od jedności, oznacza przewagę wypo­ wiedzi aprobujących nad krytycznymi (np. 1.07 odczytujemy: na każdych 107 przekazów aprobujących było 100 przekazów krytycz­ nych). Wskaźnik niższy od jedności oznacza przewagę przekazów krytycznych (np. 0.87 odczytujemy: na każde 100 przekazów kry­ tycznych było 87 przekazów aprobujących). Wedle naszych obliczeń przeciętnie blisko połowa (4T°/o) przeka­ zów dotyczących służby zdrowia w każdym roku to noty agencyjne informujące o oddawaniu nowych placówek, remontach, wyposaże­ niu w aparaturę, świadczeniach na rzecz opieki zdrowotnej (hono­ rowe krwiodawstwo, NFOZ, „szpitale-pomniki"). Około 13% przekazów ma charakter oświatowo-zdrowotny; adre­ sowane są do szerokiego kręgu odbiorców. Przytłaczająca większość tych materiałów pisana jest przez lekarzy (lub są to wywiady z le­ karzami), z których blisko połowa
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