DOCSLIB.ORG

Development of Sense Organs and Mouth and Feeding of Reared Marble Goby Oxyeleotris Marmoratus Larvae*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development of Sense Organs and Mouth and Feeding of Reared Marble Goby Oxyeleotris Marmoratus Larvae* Fisheries Science 60(4), 361-368 (1994) Development of Sense Organs and Mouth and Feeding of Reared Marble Goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus Larvae* Shigeharu Senoo,*1 Kok Jee Ang,*1 and Gunzo Kawamura*2 *1 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science , Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *2Faculty of Fisheries , Kagashima University, Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890, Japan (Received August 23, 1993) To obtain the fundamental information required toooestablish an artificial seed production technique for the marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus, the development of sense organs and mouth and the feeding of the larvae were observed. The larvae exhibited a S-posture and horizontal swimming at 2 days after fertilization (d AF) and commenced feeding on phytoplankton (species unknown) at 3 d AF when the eyes, the otic vesicle with ciliated epithelium, the free neuromasts on the head and the trunk, and the ciliated olfactory epithelium were functional. The first taste buds appeared in the oral cavity at 6 d AF after the onset of feeding on Brachinous spp. The larvae commenced feeding on Cyclops sp. at 7 d AF, Moina sp. at 10 d AF, and Anemia salina nauplii at 15 d AF. This change of feeding might be due to the development of the mouth and mobility of larvae rather than the development of sense organs. At 20 d AF, the larvae developed free neuromasts on the caudal fin. Twin cones and rods appeared in the ratinae at 30 d AF when the larvae changed in phototaxis from positive to negative. The larvae became benthic in habit at 35 d AF. Key words: Oxyeleotris marmoratus, sense organs, mouth, feeding, artificial seed production, larval fish One principal requirement in fish culture is successful Science, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, from June to August 1992. The mass-production of fry as seed stock. Heavy mortality larvae were obtained from naturally spawned eggs under artificial usually occurs early in the life history of fish if suitable food conditions.11) The eggs hatched during 35-60 h after fertilization (h AF), with a peak at 40-50 h AF at 28.5-30.5•Ž. The age of the fish was in hours is scarce, especially when the yolk sac is exhausted and the or days was based on the fertilized time. The next day of spawning was larvae must begin active feeding.1) The seed production defined as 1 day after fertilization (d AF). of the marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus has been at- Five thousand newly hatched larvae, 3.15-3.32 mm in total length (TL) tempted in Singapore,2) Thailand,3) and Malaysia, 4, 5) and at 40 h AF, were reared in a 1,000 1 tank following the method of Senoo et al." Various live organisms such as several species of phytoplankton a high mortality in the early stage prevented smooth rearing. (species unknown), Brachionus spp., Cyclops sp., and Monia sp. were Tan and Lam2) noted a high mortality of the larvae due to collected using a plankton net with 60ƒÊm mesh size from an earthen fish starvation. Senoo et al.') reported that the larvae had a pond in the university in which 0. marmoratus had been naturally sufficiently large mouth to feed on artificial powdered feed propagating. The collected organisms in the water were filtered using a and Brachinous spp., but some of the larvae did not and plankton net with 200ƒÊm mesh size and given to the larvae from 2 d AF. After 10dAF, Anemia salina nauplii were given in addition to the above eventually died. organisms. Feeds were given ad libitum at 0800 and 1700. The tank was Studies of the behavior and ecology of various stages of placed under natural light in the hatchery and the maximum illuminance fish development related to the causes of mortality may was 400 lx on the water surface during the daytime. During the rearing provide much needed information. The aquaculture of fish period, the water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH in the tank ranged from 27.5--32.5•Ž, 6.3-7.8 mg/1, and 6.3-6.9, respectively. The depends on an adequate knowledge of the behavior of the feeding and swimming behavior of the fish in the tank were observed early life stages that cause the greatest technical difficulties several times a day. Some fish in the tank were transferred into a 1 1 glass in culture.6) The ontogenetic changes of behavior are closely beaker, and their reactions to water current and light from an electric related with the development of sense organs.1,7-10) It has torch were observed. Other specimens were anesthetized by MS 222 been suggested that the food preference of fish larvae is (m-aminobenzoic acid ethylester methanesulfonate) at 10-50 ppm to observe the morphological development, and body measurements were based on the differentiation of the teste buds in Paralichthys made with a dissection photomicroscope and a profile projector. The olivaceus, Micropterus salmoides, and Tilapia nilotica.7,9) mouth size was represented by the upper jaw length since exact Information on the development of sense organs and mouth measurement of the gaped mouth was difficult. should facilitate a better understanding of the feeding Fish in the tank were sampled at random every day until 10d AF, and behavior of O. marmoratus larvae. thereafter at 5 day intervals until the end of the experiment (20th August, 1992). The sampled fish were preserved in 10% buffered formalin and processed for morphogenetic study of the sense organs. For the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the preserved samples were post-fixed in 4% Materials and Methods glutaraldehyde and 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer with 1% osmium tetraoxide, dehydrated in an acetone series, critical dried, and spattered O. marmoratus larvae were reared at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine with gold. For the photomicroscopy, the preserved larvae were embedded * Study of Artificial Seed Production of Marble Goby-‡U. 362 Senoo et al. in paraffin, and 3ƒÊm thick horizontal, sagittal, and cross sections were made and stained by Heidenhain's azan method. Results Larval Development and Behavior The detailed morphological development of O. marmo ratns larvae has been described under artificial conditions.') Only the notable features of larval development, behavior, growth (Fig. 1), and mouth development (Figs. 2 and 3) obtained in this study are presented here. The larval development was slightly faster than in the previous observation5) probably due to the higher water temperature. The larvae 40 h AF (1 d AF) had neither open mouth (Fig. 2A) nor functional sense organs. These newly Fig. 1. Early growth of 0, marmoratus. hatched larvae lay on the tank bottom and did respond to Filled circle, mean; vertical line, standard deviation (n=10). Fig. 2. Development in mouth morphology with growth of 0. marmoratus. Scale bar, 500 gm. Fig. 3. Changes in upper jaw length of 0. marmoratus and in food organisms ingested . Filled circle, mean of upper jaw length (n= 10); horizontal line, feeding period. Sense Organs of Marble Goby Larvae 363 a glass pipette carefully inserted into the water, and were under the profile projector was 330 ƒÊm. The sizes of Cyclops easily caught. sp. ingested from the head by this specimen were measured At 55 h AF (2 d AF), the mouth was formed at an inferi and found to be 300-600 ƒÊm, total length, 200-400 ƒÊm, body or position (Fig. 2B). The larvae commenced vertical length and 100-200 ƒÊm body width, and not well digested. swimming, avoided the approaching pipette and were In the larvae which fed well on Cyclops sp., 2 teeth were positively rheotactic. At 65 h AF (2d AF) when the air formed on the upper jaw and 4 on the lower jaw (Fig. 2E). bladder was inflated, most of the larvae showed an At 10 d AF, a rudiment of the caudal fin appeared, and S-posture, horizontal swimming, and became positively the larvae congregated in the middle water column and phototactic. At 3 d AF, the S-posture, horizontal swimming, commenced feeding on small Moina sp. which measured and positive rheotaxis became active, and the larvae 200-300 ,ƒÊm in body length, and fed well on Brachionus spp. congregated in the surface water column. At this stage, and Cyclops sp. At 15 d AF, rudiments of the anal and mouth movements were observed (Fig. 2C) and the larvae second dorsal fins appeared, and the larvae commenced commenced feeding on phytoplankton of 30-60 ƒÊm in feeding on Artemia salina nauplii (Fig. 2F). Thereafter the dimeter. At thid point, the upper jaw length was 200-210 ƒÊm larvae preferred Anemia to the other organisms given. At (Fig. 3), and the yolk sac as absorbed almost the same as 20 d AF, rudiments of the pelvic and first dorsal fins the air bladder. While feeding on the phytoplankton, the appeared, the aggregation expanded from the middle to the mouth seemed large enough to feed on Brachionus. bottom water column, and the larvae were suspended At 5 d AF, the larvae showed an active S-strike and strong motionless but oriented themselves against the water flow phototaxis. The yolk sac was completely absorbed, the in the column, and were negatively phototactic. The teeth mouth developed at a superior position, and a pair of on the upper jaw were regularly arranged in a single row. canine-like teeth were found on the lower jaw (Fig. 2D). At 25 d AF, the aggregation dispersed and the fish moved At this stage, the larvae commented feeding on Brachinous solitarily regardless of the water flow in the bottom water spp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Distinct Herpesvirus Resistances and Immune Responses of Three
    Gao et al. BMC Genomics (2017) 18:561 DOI 10.1186/s12864-017-3945-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Distinct herpesvirus resistances and immune responses of three gynogenetic clones of gibel carp revealed by comprehensive transcriptomes Fan-Xiang Gao1,2, Yang Wang1, Qi-Ya Zhang1, Cheng-Yan Mou1,2, Zhi Li1, Yuan-Sheng Deng1,2, Li Zhou1* and Jian-Fang Gui1* Abstract Background: Gibel carp is an important aquaculture species in China, and a herpesvirus, called as Carassius auratus herpesvirus (CaHV), has hampered the aquaculture development. Diverse gynogenetic clones of gibel carp have been identified or created, and some of them have been used as aquaculture varieties, but their resistances to herpesvirus and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Results: To reveal their susceptibility differences, we firstly performed herpesvirus challenge experiments in three gynogenetic clones of gibel carp, including the leading variety clone A+, candidate variety clone F and wild clone H. Three clones showed distinct resistances to CaHV. Moreover, 8772, 8679 and 10,982 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were identified from comparative transcriptomes between diseased individuals and control individuals of clone A+, F and H, respectively. Comprehensive analysis of the shared DEUs in all three clones displayed common defense pathways to the herpesvirus infection, activating IFN system and suppressing complements. KEGG pathway analysis of specifically changed DEUs in respective clones revealed distinct immune responses to the herpesvirus infection. The DEU numbers identified from clone H in KEGG immune-related pathways, such as “chemokine signaling pathway”, “Toll-like receptor signaling pathway” and others, were remarkably much more than those from clone A+ and F.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Healthy Interaction Between Human and the Earth
    FY2010 Part 1, Chapter 2 －Healthy Interaction between Human and the Earth Chapter 2 Healthy Interaction between Human and the Earth As seen in Chapter 1, we humans depend on under- which remained until today heavily depend on them ground resources such as fossil fuels and minerals, as (Figure 2-1-1). well as renewable resources such as food, forest and In Chapter 2, we will consider about how to achieve water. These natural resources provide energy, food, the wisdom in order to assist local everyday lives timber, medicine and so on, which are vital for human which based on traditional knowledge, to maintain the beings. We also depend on the fundamental roles of relationship in good condition between human beings and ecosystems; healthy forests, for example, regulate the Earth’s environment and to share the benefits of damages from heavy rainfall caused by typhoons. These ecosystem services with the future generation, focusing natural resources and ecosystems support various on status of renewable resources of biodiversity. patterns of human life styles, and indigenous cultures Section 1 Benefits of Ecosystem Services on the Earth for Our Everyday Lives There are 1.75 million identified species. Including Here, we will discuss the relationship between our unknown living organisms, it is said that there are 30 everyday lives and ecosystem services of biodiversity, million species on the Earth. Humans are nothing more mainly from the perspective of how ecosystem services than one of the many species, and it would be impossible provide security in everyday life, timbers for building, for us humans to exist without interrelationship with food, medicine for our health, and traditional cultures in these innumerable living organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Notes of the Fishes and the Interspecific Relations Among Them in Lake Biwa
    Ecological Notes of the Fishes and the Interspecific Relations among Them in Lake Biwa Taizo MIURA Introduction Lake Biwa has been much interested by biologists, specially by ichthiologists because of the richness and variety of the lake fish fauna and of their diverse origin. Therefore, a good number of papers on taxonomic researches of the fishes have been published. However ecological studies of the fishes have been poorly made. Freshwater environments as well as terrestrial ones have been practically reformed, accompanied with development of human society and specially of industries and agriculture. Lake Biwa is also not an exception. Recently the ministry of construction is planning to construct a dam between the north basin and the south basin of the lake, and to pump up water from the north basin to the south one for the purpose of holding a continuous water supply to the outlet river. By such programme the two basins will nearly be disconnected and the water level of the north basin is often expected to be lowered. It can be easily expected that production of the organisms in the lake will be affected by the reformation, so that it 'is important to predict how the organic production will be affected, and to propose how the programme should be made in order to benefit the local people, especially the fishermen. Thus, about sixty scientists including biologists, physicists, chemists and agricultural economists had formed a co-operative research team and have investigated the biotic re- sources of the lake from 1962 to 1965. Through this investigation ecological studies of some of the fish species have been intensively made.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Biwa Experience and Lessons Learned Brief
    Lake Biwa Experience and Lessons Learned Brief Tatuo Kira, Retired, Lake Biwa Research Institute, Otsu, Japan Shinji Ide*, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan, [email protected] Fumio Fukada, Retired, Shiga Prefectural Government, Otsu, Japan Masahisa Nakamura, Shiga University, Otsu, Japan * Corresponding author 1. Introduction The history of the lake’s management is also one of confl icts over water utilization and fl ood control between Shiga This brief outlines the major management issues for Lake Biwa, Prefecture and the central government or the downstream the largest freshwater lake in Japan. The lake and its watershed mega-cities, including Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe. The Lake Biwa communities have enjoyed a common history for thousands of Comprehensive Development Project (LBCDP), the largest years, fostering a unique lake culture in the surrounding area. The birth of the lake can 6HDRI-DSDQ 1 be traced back to some four million years ago. As one of few ancient lakes in the world, /<RJR it embraces a rich ecosystem, with fi fty-seven endemic species being recorded. At DNDWRNL5 7 $QH5 the same time, it is a principal /$.(%,:$ ,PD]X <2'25,9(5%$6,1 1DJDKDPD water resource in Japan, $GR5 1RUWK%DVLQ -$3$1 supplying drinking water for 14 'UDLQDJH%DVLQ%RXQGDU\ million people in its watershed 3UHIHFWXUH%RXQGDU\ /DNH 5LYHU %LZD +LNRQH and downstream areas. /DNH Additionally, its catchment 6HOHFWHG&LW\ 6+,*$ area is highly industrialized NP 35() and urbanized, being inhabited .DWDWD 2PL +DFKLPDQ (FKL5 by approximately 1.3 million . .<272 DWVXUD5 +LQR5 people, with the population 35() ,/(& still increasing at one of the .\RWR 6RXWK%DVLQ 2WVX .XVDWVX highest growth rates in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Difference in the Hypoxia Tolerance of the Round Crucian Carp and Largemouth Bass: Implications for Physiological Refugia in the Macrophyte Zone
    Short Report Difference in the hypoxia tolerance of the round crucian carp and largemouth bass: implications for physiological refugia in the macrophyte zone Hiroki Yamanaka1**, Yukihiro Kohmatsu2, and Masahide Yuma3 1 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan 2 Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan 3 Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Seta-Oe, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan * Present address: Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) Received: August 28, 2006 / Revised: November 28, 2006 / Accepted: December 1, 2006 Abstract The hypoxia tolerance of larval and juvenile round crucian carp, Carassius auratus gran- Ichthyological doculis, and largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, was determined using respirometry to examine the potential of hypoxic areas in the macrophyte zone as physiological refugia for round crucian carp. Research The tolerance, which was measured as the critical oxygen concentration (Pc), was 1.32 mg O /l in the ©The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2007 2 round crucian carp and 1.93 mg O2/l in the largemouth bass. As the round crucian carp tolerated Ichthyol Res (2007) 54: 308–312 hypoxia better than the largemouth bass, hypoxic areas in the macrophyte zone might function as physiological refugia for round crucian carp. DOI 10.1007/s10228-006-0400-0 Key words Hypoxia tolerance · Critical oxygen concentration (Pc) · Physiological refugia · Carassius auratus grandoculis · Micropterus salmoides or many larval and juvenile fi shes, the macrophyte early life history (Miura, 1966; Yuma et al., 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • News Release（研究成果情報） 氷
    News Release（研究成果情報） H29.8.18 氷 見 市 学芸員の研究論文が農学で権威のある国際誌に掲載！ ～水田のプランクトンがイタセンパラを救う～ 概要 国の天然記念物で絶滅の危機に瀕している淡水魚イタセンパラは、水田から排水されるプラン クトンによって保護されていることが、氷見市教育委員会学芸員らの研究により解明されました。 氷見市教育委員会の西尾正輝主任学芸員の研究グループは、2010 年から 2012 年にかけて伝統 的な用排兼用（※1）河川である万尾川のイタセンパラの生息状況を調べたところ、イタセンパ ラの個体数は河川周辺の水田面積や草刈りによって決まることを見出しました。その理由として、 豊富な動物プランクトンを含む水が、水田から万尾川へ排水されること。地域住民による米害虫 対策の河岸の草刈りが、日当たりを作り出すこと。これらの 2 点によりイタセンパラの餌や生息 地が提供されていることが明らかになりました。 これらの成果をまとめた論文は、世界的に評価の高い国際誌「Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment」（※2）の電子版に 8 月 7 日（現地時間）に掲載されました。 図１．水田からの河川への動物プランクトン 図２．イタセンパラの生息に必要な環境条件 の供給がイタセンパラの生息に有効 今後への期待 今回の成果は、生物多様性が一体となった伝統的な農業システムの好事例として、 氷見市が目指す「世界農業遺産」への登録に大きく寄与するものと思われます。これ からの稲作は、生産者の高齢化や高収益作物への転作に伴い、厳しさを増していくと 思われます。人と自然に優しい伝統的な循環 型農業を維持するために、 スマートフォ ンで水田水管理コストを削減する最新の管理手法を用いるなど、伝統的農業システム と革新的管理手法を融合させることで、 今後もイタセンパラ生息河川周辺（万尾川） の「米作り」の継続を期待したい。 お問合せ先：ひみラボ水族館（電話）９１－２２４９ （メール）[email protected] 担当：氷見市教育委員会 教育総務課 西尾 正輝 補足説明 論文執筆者（筆頭著者）： 氷見市教育委員会 西 尾 正 輝 主任学芸員（37歳） 論文名：Paddy management for potential conservation of endangered Itasenpara bitterling via zooplankton abundance （動物プランクトンを介した絶滅危惧種イタセンパラの潜在的な保全のための水田管理） 著 者：西尾正輝（氷見市教育委員会）・江戸謙顕（文化庁）・山崎裕治（富山大学） 雑誌名：Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment（ ア グ リ カ ル チ ャ ー エ コ シ ス テ ム ズ エ ン バ イ ロ ン メ ン ト ） 本研究は、文化庁、富山県および河川財団の助成を受けて実施されました。 ※ 1 用 排 兼 用 ・ ・ ・ 用水路と排水路の機能をもつ 。ほ場整備の影響により、伝統的な「用 排 兼 用 」 は 減 少 し 、 大部分が用水路と排水路を分離させた「用排分離」となっている。 ※ 2 Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment・・・科学雑誌の重要度を示す指標インパクトファクターにおいて、農業学際分 野を扱う英雑誌56誌の中で1位（IF値 4.099）のトップジャーナルです。 図３．Agriculture, Ecosystems ＆ Environment の電子版（8 月 7 日に電子版に公開されました）
    [Show full text]
  • Predation by Crucian Carp Larva/Fry Visualizes Biological Interactions of Paddy Field Community
    Predation by crucian carp larva/fry visualizes biological interactions of paddy field community Taisuke Ohtsuka & Shigehumi Kanao Introduction Carassius auratus grandoculis (nigorobuna in Jap- anese) is a crucian carp endemic to Lake Biwa, and it is used as an ingredient in Funa-zushi (lac- to-fermented fish) that has been the specialty food of Shiga prefecture, Japan. In recent years, however, its catch has declined drastically. The increase in carnivorous fishes intro- duced from North America (Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus), reed community decline, and artificial water level regulation are possible causes of the marked decline. Because it can also reproduce in paddy fields, About 30 days old juveniles of Carassius au- breeding their larvae/fry in the paddies have been ratus grandoculis grown in a paddy field. carried out with the aim of reviving the stock. Two More than five times in length, and 500 times in weight of the newly hatched larva. ways of breeding are now conducted. One is stock- ing larvae in paddies, and another is constructing 15-44 days of age in body weight. This retardation fish pass from drainage to paddies for the run of of growth suggests deficient of preferable foods (see their adults. below). Ejecting juveniles to the drainage connect- We conducted some experiments to confirm ing to Lake Biwa in time with mid-season drainage the function of paddies as a nursery of the carp, and (usually about 40 days after transplanting of rice those to examine the impact of the larvae/fry stock- plant) is, therefore, appropriate for their stock en- ing on the paddy field ecosystem (Kanao et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiyear Use for Spawning Sites by Crucian Carp in Lake Biwa, Japan
    Journal of Advanced Marine Science and Technology Society, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 19–30, 2018 Original Paper Multiyear use for spawning sites by crucian carp in Lake Biwa, Japan Yoshio Kunimune*1, Yasushi Mitsunaga*2 *1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Naka-machi, Nara, Nara, 631-8505, Japan *2 Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Naka-machi, Nara, Nara, 631-8505, Japan, [email protected] Received: July, 10. 2018, Accepted: October, 19. 2018 Abstract From April 2008 to July 2009, an acoustic telemetry study on crucian carp was conducted in Lake Biwa, Japan. Twenty Nigorobuna, ten gengoroubuna and one ginbuna captured during spawning seasons were released with ultrasonic transmitters in the South Basin. Signals from the tagged fish were detected by 28 ultrasonic-receiver stations installed around Lake Biwa. Seasonal preference of habitats was examined by distance-based analysis. Seasonal distributions of nigorobuna and gengoroubuna in Lake Biwa were observed including consecutive two spawning seasons. It was revealed that seasonal migration patterns of nigorobuna and gengoroubuna were different. Nigorobuna appeared mainly around the release site all the year round, while gengoroubuna migrated to the North Basin after their spawning season, where they stayed during the non-spawning season, and moved to the South Basin in the next midwinter, where they stayed until the end of the next spawning season. It was also revealed that gengoroubuna preferred lower water temperature than nigorobuna. Gengoroubuna moved faster than nigorobuna and ginbuna. There were high-degree correlations in distance ratios of each station during spawning seasons in the release year and the next year in both nigorobuna and gengoroubuna, suggesting a multiyear use for the same spawning site.
    [Show full text]
  • Carassius Ve Střední Evropě
    MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Přírodovědecká fakulta Ivo PAPOUŠEK MOLEKULÁRNĚ-GENETICKÉ ANALÝZY DRUHŮ RODU CARASSIUS VE STŘEDNÍ EVROPĚ Přílohy k disertační práci Školitel: prof. RNDr. Jiřina Relichová, CSc. Školitel-specialista: RNDr. Věra Lusková, CSc. Brno, 2008 PŘÍLOHY – SOUBOR PUBLIKACÍ Příloha I Papoušek, I., Vetešník, L., Halačka, K., Lusková, V., Humpl, M. & Mendel, J. (2008). Identification of natural hybrids of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) and crucian carp Carassius carassius (L.) from lower Dyje River floodplain (Czech Republic). Journal of Fish Biology 72, 1230-1235. Příloha II Vetešník, L., Papoušek, I., Halačka, K., Lusková, V. & Mendel, J. (2007). Morphometric and genetic analysis of Carassius auratus complex from an artificial wetland in Morava River floodplain, Czech Republic. Fisheries Science 73, 817-822. Příloha III Papoušek, I., Lusková, V., Halačka, K., Koščo, J., Vetešník, L., Lusk, S. & Mendel, J. (2008). Genetic diversity of the Carassius auratus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the central Europe. Journal of Fish Biology (submitted 10/2008). Příloha I Papoušek, I., Vetešník, L., Halačka, K., Lusková, V., Humpl, M. & Mendel, J. (2008). Identification of natural hybrids of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) and crucian carp Carassius carassius (L.) from lower Dyje River floodplain (Czech Republic). Journal of Fish Biology 72, 1230-1235. Journal of Fish Biology (2008) 72, 1230–1235 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01783.x, available online at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com Identification of natural hybrids of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) and crucian carp Carassius carassius (L.) from lower Dyje River floodplain (Czech Republic) I. PAPOUSˇEK*, L. VETESˇNI´K,K.HALACˇKA,V.LUSKOVA´,M.HUMPL AND J.
    [Show full text]
  • In Lake Biwa
    79 Countermeasures against Alien Fishes (Largemouth Bass and Bluegill) in Lake Biwa Atsuhiko IDE＊ and Shinsuke SEKI＊ Abstract Lake Biwa is one of the world's most ancient lakes, with an origin going back four million years. Many aquatic organisms, including more than 30 endemic species or subspecies of fish and molluscs inhabit the lake, and various kinds of fisheries have targeted those animals for centuries. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were first found in Lake Biwa in 1965 and 1974. While bluegill spread gradually through the shallow water zones and into small lagoons surrounding the lake, largemouth bass increased explosively in the 1980s. Simultaneously, native fishes such as crucian carp and bitterlings disappeared from the coastal shallows. After that, the population of bluegill began to increase. In recent years, bluegill has comprised over 90% of the fish fauna in Lake Biwa's south basin. Since 1985, fishermen have been trying continuously to reduce these alien species by several means. Fishing gear such as Eri (a set-net), gill nets, and pulling nets have been used. Recently, over 400 metric tons per year of these alien fishes have been eliminated. At the same time, the Shiga Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station has tried to develop more effective gear to catch them. We have devised a pot trap, with its top covered by a sheet to provide shade, for efficient capture of the alien fishes, and a small beam trawl for use in beds of submerged aquatic vegetation. Other methods for the eradication of the alien fishes are currently under study.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan March 2009
    Fourth National Report to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Japan March 2009 Chapter 1 Overview of Status, Trends, and Threat to Biodiversity 1. Biodiversity in Japan 1.1 Features of biodiversity in Japan 1.2 Status of threatened wildlife 1.2 Review of the Red List 2. Structure of the biodiversity crisis in Japan 2.1 First crisis (brought about by human activities and development) 2.2 Second crisis (brought about by reduced human activities) 2.3 Third crisis (brought about by artificially introduced factors) 2.4 Crisis brought about by global warming 3. Biodiversity in each geographical area 3.1 Natural mountain areas 3.2 Satochi-satoyama areas/countryside 3.3 Urban areas 3.4 River/wetland areas 3.5 Oceanic/coastal areas 3.6 Island areas Chapter 2 Status of National Biodiversity Strategy 1. National Biodiversity Strategy in Japan 1.1 The background of the formulation of the Third National Biodiversity Strategy 1.2 Structure and character of the Third National Biodiversity Strategy 1.3 Targets and Basic Policies for National Strategy (1) Three targets (2) Grand design for the National Land and the Centennial Plan (3) Five basic perspectives (4) Four basic strategies (5) 2010 Biodiversity Target and the National Biodiversity Strategy 1.4 Check and Review of the National Strategy 1.5 Basic Act on Biodiversity of Japan and the National Strategy 2. Implementation of the National Biodiversity Strategy 2.1 Measures and policies for national land area (1) Ecological Network (2) Conservation of priority areas (3)Nature restoration (4)Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (5)Forests (6) Countryside and satochi-satoyama areas (7) Urban Areas (8) Rivers and wetlands (9) Coastal Areas and Oceanic Areas 2.2 Cross-sectional and fundamental measures (1) Protection and management of wildlife (2)Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources (3) Promotion and implementation (4) International Cooperation (5) Information management and technology development (6) Measures against global warming (7) Environmental Impact Assessment 3.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of WISCONSIN-LA CROSSE Graduate Studies
    UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-LA CROSSE Graduate Studies VARIATION IN GILL RAKERS OF ASIAN CARP AND NATIVE FILTER-FEEDING FISHES FROM THE ILLINOIS, JAMES AND WABASH RIVERS, USA. A Manuscript Style Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Liza Walleser College of Science and Health Biology December, 2012 VARIATION IN GILL RAKERS OF ASIAN CARP AND NATIVE FILTER-FEEDING FISHES FROM THE ILLINOIS, JAMES AND WABASH RIVERS, USA. By Liza Walleser We recommend acceptance of this thesis in partial fulfillment of the candidate's requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology. The candidate has completed the oral defense of the thesis. Mark Sandheinrich, Ph.D. Date Thesis Committee Chairperson Jon Amberg, Ph.D. Date Thesis Committee Member David Howard, Ph.D. Date Thesis Committee Member Mark Gaikowski Date Thesis Committee Member Thesis accepted Robert H. Hoar, Ph.D. Date Associate Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs ii OFFICE OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATE STUDIES University of Wisconsin – La Crosse REVISION COMMUNICATION RECORD FORM NOTE: THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETED AND SUBMITTED BY THE STUDENT WHEN A THESIS (OR OTHER CULMINATING PROJECT REPORT) IS SUBMITTED TO THE OFFICE OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATE STUDIES FOR EDITING AND APPROVAL Student’s Name: Liza Walleser Home Phone: (612) 554-4819 Complete Local Address: 2202 Jackson St Work/Temporary Phone: N/A City, State Zip: La Crosse, WI 54601 E-mail: [email protected] Academic Department: Biology Grad. Program: Master of Science Title of Thesis/Project: Variation in Gill Rakers of Asian Carp and Native Filter-Feeding Fishes from the Illinois, James and Wabash Rivers, USA.
    [Show full text]