Freshwater Fishes of Ker A
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 14 Points of Jinnah (March 9, 1929) Phase “II” of CDM
General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 1 www.teachersadda.com | www.sscadda.com | www.careerpower.in | Adda247 App General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 Contents General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................ 3 Indian Polity for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .................................................................................................. 3 Indian Economy for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ........................................................................................... 22 Geography for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .................................................................................................. 23 Ancient History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................................ 41 Medieval History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .......................................................................................... 48 Modern History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................................ 58 Physics for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .........................................................................................................73 Chemistry for AFCAT II 2021 Exam.................................................................................................... 91 Biology for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ....................................................................................................... 98 Static GK for IAF AFCAT II 2021 ...................................................................................................... -
The Report of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal with the Decision
THE REPORT OF THE CAUVERY WATER DISPUTES TRIBUNAL WITH THE DECISION IN THE MATTER OF WATER DISPUTES REGARDING THE INTER-STATE RIVER CAUVERY AND THE RIVER VALLEY THEREOF BETWEEN 1. The State of Tamil Nadu 2. The State of Karnataka 3. The State of Kerala 4. The Union Territory of Pondicherry VOLUME V APPORTIONMENT OF THE WATERS OF THE INTER-STATE RIVER CAUVERY NEW DELHI 2007 ii Volume V Apportionment of the water of inter-State river Cauvery (Issues under Group III) Chapters Subject Page Nos 1. Crops and Crop Water requirement in 1 - 46 Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in the Cauvery basin 2. Trans-basin diversion of the waters of river 47 - 52 Cauvery or its tributaries 3. Apportionment of the Cauvery waters for 53 - 95 Irrigation in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka 4. Domestic & Industrial water requirement 96 - 106 of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu from Cauvery Waters 5. Water requirement for Environmental 107 - 114 Protection and Inevitable Escapages into sea. 6. Apportionment of the share of the State of Kerala 115 - 198 and the Union Territory of Pondicherry in the Waters in river Cauvery 7. Final determination of the share of the waters of 199 - 215 river Cauvery among the States of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and U.T. of Pondicherry and monthly schedule of releases 8. Machinery for implementation of the Final Decision/ 216 - 236 Orders of the Tribunal. 9. Final Order and Decision of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal 237 - 245 ---------- Chapter 1 Crops and Crop Water requirement in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in the Cauvery basin The development of irrigation in both the States covered the following periods:- (i) Areas existing prior to 1924; (ii) Areas contemplated to be developed under various clauses of the 1924 Agreement in each State; (iii) The areas which have been developed/under ongoing development for irrigation beyond the entitlement contemplated in the 1924 Agreement covering the period from 1924 to 1990. -
Distribution of Mammals and Birds in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary
KFRI Research Report 131 DISTRIBUTION OF MAMMALS AND BIRDS IN CHINNAR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY P. Vijayakumaran Nair K.K. Ramachandran E.A. Jayson KERALA FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE PEECHI, THRISSUR December 1997 Pages: 31 CONTENTS Page File Abstract r.131.2 1 Introduction 1 r.131.3 2 Methods 4 r.131.4 3 Results and Discussion 7 r.131.5 4 References 24 r.131.6 5 Appendices 27 r.131.7 ABSTRACT A study was conducted during 1990-1992 in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary ( 10" 15' to 10" 22' N latitude and 77" 05' to 77" 17' E longitude) of Kerala State to gather information on the distribution of mammals and birds in the area. The study revealed the occurrence of 17 larger mammals. A total of 59 elephants were recorded from the area. Age-sex composition of the herds were similar to that in other populations. Forty three individuals of sambar were sighted, the herd size and composition is comparable with that of other places. This pattern was applicable to the spotted deer also. Other animals include the wild pig, gaur, bonnet macaque, hanuman langur, leopard, wilddog. etc. Hundred and forty three species of birds from thirty four families were recorded from the study area. The birds found in the study area is compared with distribution in other wild life sanctuaries in Kerala. Few birds are peculiar to the Chinnar area, few birds common in other parts of Kerala are rare in the area. The riverine forests in the area is important for the survival of the endangered grizzled giant squirrel, Ratuf'a macroura. -
Report of Rapid Impact Assessment of Flood/ Landslides on Biodiversity Focus on Community Perspectives of the Affect on Biodiversity and Ecosystems
IMPACT OF FLOOD/ LANDSLIDES ON BIODIVERSITY COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES AUGUST 2018 KERALA state BIODIVERSITY board 1 IMPACT OF FLOOD/LANDSLIDES ON BIODIVERSITY - COMMUnity Perspectives August 2018 Editor in Chief Dr S.C. Joshi IFS (Retd) Chairman, Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram Editorial team Dr. V. Balakrishnan Member Secretary, Kerala State Biodiversity Board Dr. Preetha N. Mrs. Mithrambika N. B. Dr. Baiju Lal B. Dr .Pradeep S. Dr . Suresh T. Mrs. Sunitha Menon Typography : Mrs. Ajmi U.R. Design: Shinelal Published by Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram 2 FOREWORD Kerala is the only state in India where Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC) has been constituted in all Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporation way back in 2012. The BMCs of Kerala has also been declared as Environmental watch groups by the Government of Kerala vide GO No 04/13/Envt dated 13.05.2013. In Kerala after the devastating natural disasters of August 2018 Post Disaster Needs Assessment ( PDNA) has been conducted officially by international organizations. The present report of Rapid Impact Assessment of flood/ landslides on Biodiversity focus on community perspectives of the affect on Biodiversity and Ecosystems. It is for the first time in India that such an assessment of impact of natural disasters on Biodiversity was conducted at LSG level and it is a collaborative effort of BMC and Kerala State Biodiversity Board (KSBB). More importantly each of the 187 BMCs who were involved had also outlined the major causes for such an impact as perceived by them and suggested strategies for biodiversity conservation at local level. Being a study conducted by local community all efforts has been made to incorporate practical approaches for prioritizing areas for biodiversity conservation which can be implemented at local level. -
Hydrochemical Variations of a Tropical Mountain River System in a Rain
Applied Geochemistry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Geochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apgeochem Hydrochemical variations of a tropical mountain river system in a rain shadow region of the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India ⇑ Jobin Thomas a, , Sabu Joseph a, K.P. Thrivikramji b a Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India b Center for Environment and Development, Thiruvananthapuram 695 013, Kerala, India article info abstract Article history: River water chemistry of Pambar River Basin (PRB), draining a rain shadow region of the southern Available online xxxx Western Ghats, India, with granite gneiss and hornblende-biotite-gneiss lithology, was monitored for three sampling seasons, such as monsoon (MON), post-monsoon (POM) and pre-monsoon (PRM) to ascertain the spatio-temporal trends in hydrochemistry. In PRB, upstream and downstream areas have differing climate (i.e., tropical-wet–dry/humid upstream, while semi-arid downstream) and land use (plantations and farmland dominate the upstream, while pristine forest environment covers the down- stream). The hydrochemical attributes, except pH and K+, exhibit distinct temporal variation mainly due to monsoon-driven climatic seasonality. Relative abundance of cations between upstream and down- stream samples of PRB shows noticeable differences, in that the upstream samples follow the order of abundance: Ca2+ >Mg2+ >Na+ >K+, while the downstream samples are in the order: + 2+ 2+ + 2+ 2+ + + + + À + À 2+ Na >Mg >Ca >K .Ca +Mg /Na +K , Si/Na +K ,Cl /Na and HCO3 /Ca ratios suggest multiple sources/processes controlling hydrochemistry, e.g., atmospheric supply, silicate weathering, dissolution of carbonate minerals and soil evaporites as well as anthropogenic inputs (domestic and farm/plantation residues). -
River Water Mercury Content Analysis at Palakkad District and the Design of Mercury Adsorbing Cfl Disposal System
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | Aug-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 RIVER WATER MERCURY CONTENT ANALYSIS AT PALAKKAD DISTRICT AND THE DESIGN OF MERCURY ADSORBING CFL DISPOSAL SYSTEM Sreelakshmi K S1, Dr. P N Ramachandran2 1 M.Tech (Energy Systems), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, NCERC, Kerala, India 2 HOD, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, NCERC, Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract -Analysis of mercury content has been 1. INTRODUCTION conducted by taking samples from tributaries and sub Mercury is a very toxic element which can be found both as an introduced contaminant and naturally in the tributaries of Bharathapuzha river at Palakkad district. environment. Its high potential for toxicity was well Subsurface and bottom sediment samples were taken. documented in the highly contaminated areas of Minamata Temperature and pH of the samples were also noted. Bay, Japan in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Mercury can be a The analysis was conducted at Sophisticated Test and menace to people's health and wildlife in many Instrumentation Centre lab at Ernakulam. The environments that are not discernibly polluted. The risk is instrument used for the analysis was Hydra C direct determined by the form of mercury present, the likelihood mercury analyzer which works on the principle of of exposure and the ecological and geochemical factors that influence how mercury moves and changes form in thermal decomposition with Atomic Absorption the environment. Mercury’s toxic effects depends on the Spectroscopy. The analysis results showed that there route of exposure and its chemical form. -
Idukki District, Kerala State
CONSERVE WATER – SAVE LIFE भारत सरकार GOVERNMENT OF INDIA जल संसाधन मंत्रालय MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES कᴂ द्रीय भूजल बो셍 ड CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD केरल क्षेत्र KERALA REGION भूजल सूचना पुस्ततका, इ셍ु啍की स्ज쥍ला, केरल रा煍य GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF IDUKKI DISTRICT, KERALA STATE तत셁वनंतपुरम Thiruvananthapuram December 2013 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF IDUKKI DISTRICT, KERALA 饍वारा By दरु ै ए ﴂस ग वैज्ञातनकख Singadurai S. Scientist B KERALA REGION BHUJAL BHAVAN KEDARAM, PATTOM PO NH-IV, FARIDABAD THIRUVANANTHAPURAM – 695 004 HARYANA- 121 001 TEL: 0471-2442175 TEL: 0129-12419075 FAX: 0471-2442191 FAX: 0129-2142524 GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF IDUKKI DISTRICT, KERALA STATE TABLE OF CONTENTS DISTRICT AT A GLANCE 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 RAINFALL & CLIMATE ...................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES ........................................................................................... 5 4.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO ........................................................................................................... 6 6.0 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS ............................................................. 11 7.0 AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY ................................................................................... -
Natural Resources Sand Mafia in India
NATURAL RESOURCES SAND MAFIA IN INDIA Dr Susan Bliss Educational consultant Author, Macmillan Australia Sand mining mafia near the Kandluru Bridge located in the Kundapur taluk Photo source: http://data1.ibtimes.co.in/cache-img-0-450/en/full/566918/1491207555_sand-mafia.jpg Geography Syllabus Links such as sand, stone and clay, for infrastructure projects to build new towns, skyscrapers, flyovers, airports and • Landscapes and Landforms: Humans change – increase number of highway lanes. rivers, coasts and ocean beds India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi, plans to develop • Environmental Change (Stage 4) and 100 smart cities under a ‘new Chicago every year’ slogan. Management (Stage 5) The speed of construction is concerning. Does India • Urbanisation (Stage 5 & 6) have sufficient sand for this development? What will be • Interconnections (Stage 4) the impacts on environments? • Natural Resources (Stage 6) Sand mafia: dark secrets of India’s • Cross- curriculum priorities: Asia, Sustainability booming construction industry Sand dubbed India’s ‘new gold’ Illegal sand mining is everywhere. Laws and inaction contribute to problem The construction industry is India’s largest economic sector accounting for 7.8% of the country’s GDP and the The world is running low on sand and pillaging sand is second largest employer. The high rate of urbanisation a growing global practice. ‘The construction-building and urban growth has accelerated the growth of industry is the largest consumer of this finite resource. the construction industry especially in cities such as The traditional average-sized house requires 200 tons Mumbai accommodating 12.5 million inhabitants, and of sand; a hospital requires 3,000 tons of sand; each Delhi 11 million. -
Review Article Remote Sensing and Active Tectonics of South India
International Journal of Remote Sensing Vol. 27, No. 20, 20 October 2006, 4397–4431 Review Article Remote sensing and active tectonics of South India S. M. RAMASAMY* Centre for Remote Sensing, School of Geosciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620023, Tamil Nadu, India (Received 30 June 2004; in final form 29 November 2005 ) The Indian Peninsula in general and its southern part in particular has been thought to be a stable shield area and hence inert to younger earth movements and seismicities. However, in addition to fast relapsing seismicities, the studies carried out by earlier workers during the past three decades indicate possible pulsatory tectonism, at least since the Jurassics. The present study is a newer attempt to identify, analyse, and spatially amalgamate a large number of anomalies visibly displayed by the tectonic, fluvial, coastal, and hydrological systems in remote sensing and ground based datasets/observations, and to finally paint a fair picture on the active tectonic scenario of South India. The study reveals that the phenomena, viz. extensive soil erosion, reservoir siltation, sediment dump into the ocean, preferential migration of rivers, restricted marine regression, shrinkage of back waters, withdrawal of creeks, fall of groundwater table, etc., indicate two E– W trending ongoing tectonic (Cymatogenic) archings along Mangalore–Chennai in the north and Cochin–Ramanathapuram in the south. Intervening these two arches, a cymatogenic deep along Ponnani–Palghat–Manamelkudi exhibiting phenomena opposite to the above is observed. In addition, the characteristic tectonic, geomorphic, and hydrological anomalies observed in 1B satellite FCC data, as well as in the field, indicate N–S trending extensional, NE–SW sinistral, and NW–SE dextral strike slip faults. -
Family Cyprinidae Subfamily Labeoninae
SUBFAMILY Labeoninae Bleeker, 1859 - labeonins, labeos, algae-eaters, carps etc. [=?Paeonomiae, ?Apalopterinae, Platycarinae, Temnochilae, Labeonini, ?Plalacrognathini, Garrae, Gymnostomi, Rohteichthyina, Discognathina, Parapsilorhynchidae, Banganina, Osteochilina, Semilabeoina] Notes: Name in prevailing recent practice ?Paeonomiae McClelland, 1838:943 [ref. 2924] (subfamily) ? Cirrhinus [corrected to Paeonominae by McClelland 1839:225, 261, 264 [ref. 2923]; no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] ?Apalopterinae McClelland, 1839:226, 261, 299 [ref. 2923] (subfamily) ? Platycara [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Platycarinae Macleay, 1841:271 [ref. 32498] (family) Platycara [also Macleay 1842:204 [ref. 32499]] Temnochilae Heckel, 1847:280, 281 [ref. 2068] (Abtheilung) ? Labeo [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Labeonini Bleeker, 1859d:XXVIII [ref. 371] (stirps) Labeo [family-group name used as valid by: Rainboth 1991 [ref. 32596], Nelson 1994 [ref. 26204], Yue et al. 2000 [ref. 25272], Zhang & Chen 2004 [ref. 27930], Li, Ran & Chen 2006 [ref. 29057], Nelson 2006 [ref. 32486], Zhang & Kottelat 2006 [ref. 28711], Zhang, Qiang & Lan 2008 [ref. 29452], Yang & Mayden 2010, Zheng, Yang, Chen & Wang 2010 [ref. 30961], Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Han 2011 [ref. 31305], Yang et al. 2012a, Yang et al. 2012b [ref. 32362]] ?Phalacrognathini Bleeker, 1860a:422 [ref. 370] (cohors) ? Labeo [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Garrae Bleeker, 1863–64:24 [ref. 4859] (phalanx) Garra [also Bleeker 1863b:191 [ref. 397]; stem Garr- confirmed by Smith 1945:259 [ref. 4056], by Cavender & Coburn in Mayden 1992:322 [ref. 23260], by Mirza 2000:356 [ref. -
Backed Mahseer from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India
1 1 Resolving the taxonomic enigma of the iconic game fish, the hump- 2 backed mahseer from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India 3 4 Adrian C. Pinder1,2*, Arunachalam Manimekalan3, J.D. Marcus Knight4, Prasannan 5 Krishnankutty5, J. Robert Britton1, Siby Philip6, Neelesh Dahanukar7,8, Rajeev 6 Raghavan2,8,9 7 8 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Dorset, United Kingdom 9 10 2 Mahseer Trust, Freshwater Biological Association, Wareham, Dorset, United Kingdom 11 12 3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India 13 14 4 India Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, New Delhi, India 15 16 5 Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram, India 17 18 6 Department of Zoology, Nirmalagiri College, Kannur, India 19 20 7 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India 21 22 8 Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), Coimbatore, India 23 24 9 Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies 25 Kochi, Kerala, India 26 27 * Corresponding author 28 E-mail: [email protected] 29 30 31 32 Abstract 33 34 Growing to lengths and weights exceeding 1.5 m and 45 kg, the hump-backed mahseer fish of the 35 Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India, is an iconic, mega-faunal species that is globally recognized as 36 a premier freshwater game fish. Despite reports of their high extinction risk, conservation approaches are 37 currently constrained by their lack of valid taxonomic identity. Using an integrative approach, 38 incorporating morphology, molecular analysis and historical photographs, this fish can now be revealed to 39 be conspecific with Tor remadevii, a species lacking a common name, that was initially, but poorly, 40 described in 2007 from the River Pambar, a tributary of the River Cauvery in Kerala. -
Endemic Animals of India
ENDEMIC ANIMALS OF INDIA Edited by K. VENKATARAMAN A. CHATTOPADHYAY K.A. SUBRAMANIAN ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053 Phone: +91 3324006893, +91 3324986820 website: www.zsLgov.in CITATION Venkataraman, K., Chattopadhyay, A. and Subramanian, K.A. (Editors). 2013. Endemic Animals of India (Vertebrates): 1-235+26 Plates. (Published by the Director, Zoological Survey ofIndia, Kolkata) Published: May, 2013 ISBN 978-81-8171-334-6 Printing of Publication supported by NBA © Government ofIndia, 2013 Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, M -Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053. Printed at Hooghly Printing Co., Ltd., Kolkata-700 071. ~~ "!I~~~~~ NATIONA BIODIVERSITY AUTHORITY ~.1it. ifl(itCfiW I .3lUfl IDr. (P. fJJa{a~rlt/a Chairman FOREWORD Each passing day makes us feel that we live in a world with diminished ecological diversity and disappearing life forms. We have been extracting energy, materials and organisms from nature and altering landscapes at a rate that cannot be a sustainable one. Our nature is an essential partnership; an 'essential', because each living species has its space and role', and performs an activity vital to the whole; a 'partnership', because the biological species or the living components of nature can only thrive together, because together they create a dynamic equilibrium. Nature is further a dynamic entity that never remains the same- that changes, that adjusts, that evolves; 'equilibrium', that is in spirit, balanced and harmonious. Nature, in fact, promotes evolution, radiation and diversity. The current biodiversity is an inherited vital resource to us, which needs to be carefully conserved for our future generations as it holds the key to the progress in agriculture, aquaculture, clothing, food, medicine and numerous other fields.