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Albanien in Vergangenheit Und Gegenwart

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Südosteuropa - Studien ∙ Band 48 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Hrsg.) Albanien in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbHKlaus-Detlev. Grothusen - 978-3-95479-688-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:42:44AM via free access 00063460 SUDOSTEUROPA-STUDIEN herausgegeben im Auftrag der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft von Walter Althammer Band 48 Klaus-Detlev Grothusen - 978-3-95479-688-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:42:44AM via free access 00063480 Albanien in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart Internationales Symposion der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft in Zusammenarbeit mit der Albanischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Winterscheider Mühle bei Bonn, 12. —15. September 1989 herausgegeben von Klaus-Detlev Grothusen Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft München 1991 Klaus-Detlev Grothusen - 978-3-95479-688-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:42:44AM via free access CIP-Einheitsaufnahme ־־ Die Deutsche Bibliothek Albanien in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart : internationales Symposion der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft in Zusammenarbeit mit der Albanischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Winterscheider Mühle bei Bonn, 12.—15. September 1989 / hrsg. von Klaus-Detlev Grothusen. — München : Südosteuropa-Ges., 1991 (Südosteuropa-Studien ; Bd. 48) ISBN 3-925450-2Ф6 NE: Grothusen, Klaus-Detlev [Hrsg.]; Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft «Deutschland»; GT © Copyright 1991 by Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft, D-8000 München A lle Rechte Vorbehalten Gesamtherstellung: J. P. Himmer GmbH, D-8900 Augsburg Klaus-Detlev Grothusen - 978-3-95479-688-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:42:44AM via free access HERRN STAATSSEKRETÄR A.D. DR. RUDOLF VOGEL Ehrenmitglied der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft aus Anlaß seines 85. Geburtstages herzlich zugeeignet Der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft ist es eine Ehre und eine Freude, diesen Band -Albanien in Vergangenheit und Gegen״ der Südosteuropa-Studien zum Thema wart“ ihrem Ehrenmitglied, Herrn Staatssekretär a.D. Rudolf Vogel, anläßlich seines 85. Geburtstages am 18. A pril 1991 widmen zu können. Dr. Vogel hat einen wesentlichen Teil seiner Lebensarbeit den Aufgaben und Zielen der Südosteu- ropa-Gesellschaft gewidmet. In Beuthen/Oberschlesien geboren und aufgewach- sen, studierte er Geographie, Zeitungswissenschaften und Soziologie in Berlin und Leipzig und promovierte 1931 mit einer vielbeachteten Arbeit über den oberschlesischen Abstimmungskampf. Als junger, wacher und engagierter Jour- nalist erlebte er in Berlin den Todeskampf der ersten deutschen Republik. Seinen Einsatz für die Zentrumspartei und Heinrich Brüning mußte er nach Hitlers Machtergreifung und der Gleichschaltung der Presse mit seiner Entlassung als Redakteur büßen. Er schlug sich als freier Mitarbeiter verschiedener Zeitun- gen durch und pflegte schon damals seine Liebe zu Südosteuropa, schrieb viele Reiseberichte und wurde zum Experten für diese interessante Region. Als überzeugter Katholik und Demokrat wurde er nie Mitglied der NSDAP und verzichtete so im Dritten Reich auf eine Karriere, die ihm unter anderen politischen Bedingungen aufgrund seines Wissens und seines Könnens offenge- standen hätte. Den Zweiten Weltkrieg verbrachte er als Soldat. Aus der Kriegsge- fangenschaft nach Ahlen entlassen, schloß er sich der CDU Nordwürttembergs an Deutsche Büro für Friedensfragen“ , einem der Vorläufer des״ und trat 1947 in das Auswärtigen Amts, ein. Dem Deutschen Bundestag gehörte er von 1949 bis 1964 an, Finanz- und Haushaltspolitik, aber auch Außen- und Kulturpolitik waren die Schwerpunkte seiner politischen Arbeit. Seit 1964 wirkte Rudolf Vogel als deutscher Botschafter bei der OECD in Paris, bis ihn Bundeskanzler Kiesinger als Staatssekretär im Bundesschatzministerium in sein Kabinett berief, ein Am t, das er bis zum Ende der Großen Koalition versah. Rudolf Vogel gehörte zu den Gründungsmitgliedern der Südosteuropa-Gesell- schaft im Jahre 1952 und hat von Anfang an auf die Zielsetzung und Arbeit dieser Organisation einen entscheidenden Einfluß genommen. Gerade in dieser schwie- rigen Anfangsphase, als sich die Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft wegen ihrer Bemü- hungen um die Wiederbelebung persönlicher Kontakte zu den südosteuropäi- sehen Ländern Anfeindungen sowohl dort als auch im eigenen Lande ausgesetzt sah, war es Persönlichkeiten wie Rudolf Vogel zu verdanken, daß sich die Gesellschaft ihrer wichtigen kulturpolitischen Funktion bewußt wurde und diese auch im Deutschen Bundestag zu vertreten wußte. Nach dem Tode des ersten Präsidenten Prof. Gülich im Jahre 1959 wurde Dr. Vogel zu dessen Nachfolger gewählt. Unter seiner Präsidentschaft weitete die Organisation ihr Arbeitsgebiet Klaus-Detlev Grothusen - 978-3-95479-688-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:42:44AM via free access 00063480 6 beträchtlich aus. Er verstand es, Wissenschaftler mit den Praktikern aus Politik und Wirtschaft zusammenzuführen und die wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zu einer international anerkannten Mittlerorganisation mit einer weitgefächerten Tätigkeit auch auf wirtschafts- und kulturpolitischem Gebiet zu entwickeln. Mit seiner Berufung zum Botschafter bei der OECD legte Rudolf Vogel das Präsidentenamt nieder und wirkte fortan als aktiver Vizepräsident und Vorsitzender des Kurato- riums. Die Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft hat ihm zahlreiche interessante Verbindun- gen zu deutschen Banken und Industrieunternehmen zu danken. Unter seiner Leitung wurden eine Reihe wichtiger internationaler Wirtschaftstagungen durch- geführt, darunter mehrere Konferenzen über die Probleme des Transitverkehrs durch Südosteuropa, Fachtagungen über den Handel und die Kooperationsmög- lichkeiten mit den südosteuropäischen Ländern sowie öffentliche Veranstaltun- gen, die sich mit den Problemen der Integration jugoslawischer, griechischer und türkischer Gastarbeiter und ihrer Familien in der Bundesrepublik beschäftigten. Das heutige internationale Ansehen der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft als Mittler- organisation für die deutschen Kultur-, Wirtschafts- und Wissenschaftsbeziehun- gen zu Südosteuropa ist auch dem langjährigen Wirken von Rudolf Vogel wesent- lieh zu verdanken. Ihre Dankbarkeit und ihre Anerkennung hat die Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft bereits im Jahre 1986 mit einer Festschrift für Dr. Vogel über das Thema -Südosteuropa - Politik und Wirtschaft“ zum Ausdruck gebracht. Die Mitglie״ derversammlung der Gesellschaft berief Rudolf Vogel 1988 einstimmig zum Ehrenmitglied. Es ist mir eine große Freude, auch diesen Band der Südosteuropa- Studien, der sich mit einem Land befaßt, dem Dr. Vogel zeit seines Lebens besondere Aufmerksamkeit und Zuneigung entgegenbrachte, ihm anläßlich sei- nes 85. Geburtstages mit den besten Glück- und Segenswünschen der Südosteu- ropa-Gesellschaft zu widmen. München, im April 1991 Dr. Walter Althammer Präsident der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft Klaus-Detlev Grothusen - 978-3-95479-688-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:42:44AM via free access >063480 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Klaus-Detlev Grothusen: V o rw o rt............................................................................................................. 9 Frühgeschichte und Mittelalter Frano Prendi: La continuité ethno-culturelle illyro-albanaise et la formation du peuple a lb a n a is ............................................................................................................ 11 Aleksander Meksi: Merkmale der albanischen Kunst des M ittelalters (12.-15. J h . ) .............. 18 Robert Elsie: Two Irish Travellers in Albania in 1322.......................................................... 24 Neuzeit Michael Schmidt-Neke: Skanderbeg als Thema der historisch-politischen Publizistik des frühen Totengespräch“ zwischen Cyrus״ Jahrhunderts: David Faßmanns .18 und S kanderbeg............................................................................................... 28 Peter Bartl: » » в Albanien im Russisch-Österreichischen Türkenkrieg 1787—1792 .... 47 Zamir Shtylla: Probleme der Nationalbewegung bis zur Proklamation der Unabhängig- k e i t ................................................................................................................... 71 Außenpolitik Klaus-Detlev Grothusen: Zwischen Selbstbestimmung und Patronage: Ein Beitrag zur Analyse außenpolitischer Strukturen in Südosteuropa seit dem Zweiten Welt- krieg unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Albaniens .................................. 79 Xhelal Gjeçovi: Der Unabhängigkeitsbegriff der A lb a n e r ................................................... 92 Jens Reuter: Die jugoslawisch-albanischen Beziehungen seit dem Amtsantritt von Ram izAlia ...................................................................................................... 99 Klaus-Detlev Grothusen - 978-3-95479-688-5 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:42:44AM via free access 00063460 8 Wirtschaft Hekuran Mara: Die Struktur der albanischen Wirtschaft und die Perspektiven ihrer weiteren E n tw ic k lu n g ..................................................................................... 106 Leontiev Çuçi: Die Entwicklung der albanischen sozialistischen
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    1 2 SONETI në poezinë shqipe 3 4 Dr. Milazim KRASNIQI SONETI në poezinë shqipe Prishtinë, 2005 5 Redaktor: Sali Bashota Ballina dhe përgatitja teknike: Arben Grajqevci Copyright © Milazim Krasniqi PEN Qendra e Kosovës Bulevardi Nënë Tereza. Pallati i Radios, kati III Tel: 038 225 566- local 220 6 PARATHËNIE Studimi i sonetit në poezinë shqipe, ka qenë një preokupim i hershëm imi, që nga vitet 1986-1989, kur i kam studiuar sonetet e Ndre Mjedjes, sepse që atëherë kam qenë i bindur se studimi i kësaj forme poetike jep një pamje esenciale të evoluimit dhe të strukturës së vargut shqip. Mirëpo, për shkak të përmbysjeve të mëdha që sollën vitet nëntëdhjetë, puna ime në këtë projekt pati ndërprerje dhe u mbajt në këmbë me një ritëm tepër të ngadaltë. Këtij projekti studimor iu riktheva me përqendrimin e duhur vetëm pas vitit 2001, kur u miratua si tezë e doktoranturës në Fakultetin e Filologjisë të Universitetit të Prishtinës. Idetë e hershme dhe materialet e mbledhura nëpër vite, qenë një ndihmesë e jashtëzakonshme, për ta intensifikuar punën në këtë projekt dhe për të sublimuar rezultatet e punës studimore për një periudhë dyvjeçare. Mirëpo, finalizimit të këtij projekti, sërish i dolën ngatërresa në rrugë, të cilat jo vetëm e shtynë mbrojtjen publike të tij për dy vjet të plota, por ndikuan që të bëja edhe disa plotësime sasiore të studimit, si dhe disa ndryshime metodologjike, të cilat nuk më ishin dukur shumë domethënëse për trajtim. 7 Versioni që po botohet, ka përjetuar disa shkurtime, që janë të natyrshme. Por, pamja e përftuar e sonetit në poezinë shqipe, besoj se mbetet mjaft e plotë dhe paraqet një pikënisje thelbësore edhe për studimet e mëtejshme në këtë lëmi.
  • Emine SHABANI FIGURA E SKËNDERBEUT TE SHKRIMTARËT E RILINDJES

    Emine SHABANI FIGURA E SKËNDERBEUT TE SHKRIMTARËT E RILINDJES

    Emine SHABANI FIGURA E SKËNDERBEUT TE SHKRIMTARËT E RILINDJES UDC 821.133.1:929Skenderbeg Abstrakti: Pa dyshim se burimi i të gjitha informatave mbi jetën dhe bëmat e Skënderbeut është vepra e Barletit “Historia e jetës dhe bëmave të Skënderbeut, princit epirotas”. Shekulli XV ishte paralajmërues i shumë ndryshimeve historike dhe politike në hartën evropiane dhe ballkanike. Perandoria osmane e fuqizuar tashmë, kishte kohë që po përgatitej për ndërhyrje ambicioze ushtarake në tokat shqiptare, me theks të veçantë bregdetin e Shqipërisë, prej ku synonte të dilte në Romë. Këto ndërhyrje sollën ndryshime të dhimbshme për popullin e Arbrit në mesjetë. Marrja peng e djemve të Gjon Kastriotit ishte kthesa e fuqishme e fatit të Arbërisë drejt një rruge të kalvarit pesëshekullor deri në Pavarësi. Vepra e Marin Barletit reflekton ankthin, shpresën, krenarinë dhe pritjet e shqiptarëve dhe të tjerëve, për figurën e Skënderbeut si shpëtimtar. Historia e Skënderbeut, nga Barleti krijon përgjigje të thella universale ndaj veprës së tij, e vështruar nga aspekti antropologjik, kulturor dhe kombëtar, ai zbulon shqetësimet e zakonshme njerëzore e kombëtare, për mbrojtjen e tokës, gjuhës, kulturës dhe qenies shqiptare dhe jo vetëm. Libri pasqyron përvojën e jetës, vdekjes, rilindjes dhe triumfit të shpirtit shqiptar mbi ekspansionin turk në tokat arbërore. Skënderbeu është imazhi arketipor i gjithë shqiptarëve në vetëdijen turke dhe të tjerëve. Marrja peng e djemve, është gjithashtu ngjarje arketipore e të gjitha kohërave. Vepra e Barletit është burimi i vetëm i një historie rrënqethëse dhe krenare, e cila do të shpërndajë rrezet e një të vërtete historike dhe artistike për veprat e shumë autorëve shqiptarë dhe të huaj mbi bëmat e Skënderbeut.
  • Ne Jemi Shqiptarë* !

    Ne Jemi Shqiptarë* !

    ΤΜΗΜΑ ΒΑΛΚΑΝΙΚΩΝ, ΣΛΑΒΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥ∆ΩΝ ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΕΣ: ΣΤΑΜΑΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ∆ΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΣ ΒΟΥΤΥΡΑ ΕΥΤΥΧΙΑ ∆ΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΜΕ ΘΕΜΑ: NENENE JEMI SHQIPTAR Ë* ! Ιστοριογραφικές αναφορές για την πορεία εξέλιξης του αλβανικού εθνικού κινήματος πριν τη συγκρότηση του κράτους της Αλβανίας. ΘΩΜΑΣ ΚΟΛΙΟΣ Α/Μ. 21/03 [email protected] ΑΘΗΝΑ, ΣΕΠΤΕΜΒΡΙΟΣ 2007 *η μετάφραση του τίτλου στο εξώφυλλο από τα Αλβανικά είναι: “[Eμείς] Είμαστε Αλβανοί!” Επίσης: -Η φωτογραφία του Sami Frashёri, στο κείμενο της μετάφρασης, σελ. 70 , είναι από το www.sq.wikipedia.org . 2 Έθνος : μια κοινωνία ενωμένη από τους προγόνους και το κοινό μίσος προς τους γείτονές τους. WILLIAM RALPH INGE 1 1 Μανδραβέλης Πάσχος, «Είπαν... Λεξικό του έξυπνου λόγου», έκτη έκδοση, εκδ. οίκος Καστανιώτης, Αθήνα, 2002, σελ. 94. 3 ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ ΣΕΛ. ΑΠΟΦΘΕΓΜΑ 03 ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ 04 ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ 06 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ Α’ ΤΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ ΠΛΑΙΣΙΟ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΑΛΒΑΝΙΚΟΥ ΕΘΝΙΚΟΥ ΚΙΝΗΜΑΤΟΣ. 09 1. Ο χαρακτήρας των λαϊκών, ένοπλων λαϊκών εξεγέρσεων στα αλβανικά πασαλίκια μέχρι και τα τέλη του 19ου αι.. 09 1.1 Oι αυτόνομες ορεινές ζώνες. 09 1.2 Η στάση του αλβανικού λαού και οι αιτίες ξεσηκωμού. 10 Α. 1537- 1833. Β. 1834- 1880. 1.3. Οι προσπάθειες μετεξέλιξης της ενδο- αλβανικής σε δια-βαλκανική 15 αντίσταση. 2. Οι εκ της κεντρικής εξουσίας μεταρρυθμίσεις. 19 2.1 Οι απόπειρες μεταρρυθμίσεων στην Οθ. Αυτοκρατορία πριν το 1839. 19 2.2 Τα προτάγματα των Τανζιμάτ και ο απόηχός τους στην Αλβανία και στη λοιπή βαλκανική. 21 3. Οι Συμφωνίες, οι Σύνδεσμοι και ο ρόλος τους στην έκβαση των πραγμάτων. 33 3.1 Η Αλβανία και η Συμφωνία της Βουδαπέστης(1877). 33 3.2 Η δράση της Εθνικής Επιτροπής της Κωνσταντινούπολης.
  • 299 Albanian Issue and American Diplomacy in the Paris Peace

    299 Albanian Issue and American Diplomacy in the Paris Peace

    ISSN2039Ͳ9340MediterraneanJournalofSocialSciencesVol.3(10)July2012 Albanian Issue and American Diplomacy in the Paris Peace Conference in the Light of New Historical Sources Majlinda Peza (Perriu) Ph.D.Candidate University of Elbasan, Albania E-mail: [email protected] Andriola Morina (Kambo) University of Tirana, Albania E- mail: [email protected] Abstract: Through the accumulation of the facts and the interpretation of the historical sources, this scientific work tends to give a full picture of the valuable contribution of american diplomacy, it’s representative at the Paris Peace Conference, president Wilson and american public opinion toward the albanian issue in the years 1919 – 1920. In respect of this approach, we have seen a period of extraordinary awareness of the american press of the time in favor of the albanian issue, direct result of the valuable contribution of the albanian diaspora in USA., organized in the federation “hearth”. simultaneously, as a representative of this federation, we have to mention the direct commitment and contribution in defense of the albanian issue, Fan S. Noli, which is evidenced in his meeting with president Wilson, taking his promise which he will make a reality in the Paris Peace Conference. This research will be based on analysis of historical resources before and after years ‘90, seeing from comparative context. Key words: Paris Peace Conference , “Vatra” federation, albanian diaspora, president Wilson. 1. Introduction Experience of establishing consolidating Ballkan States in XIX-XX centuries, showed that the selection and determination of the allies has been one of the key factors and in some cases determining the direction of flow of political and economic development of these country.