Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre

Phase II Planning Study: Final Report

Prepared for: Interpretive Centre Industrial Adjustment Service Committee

Prepared by: the Tourism Company

with Carl Bray & Associates Lees and Associates Consulting Ltd.

March 2004

Acknowledgements Photos on cover, The completion of the Phase II Planning Study, clockwise from top: including the preparation of this report, was made possible through funding provided by • Cathedral Grove Human Resources Development , and • Cameron Lake the of Parksville. • Horne Lake Caves The consultants were guided and assisted in Provincial Park undertaking the Phase II Planning Study tasks by the Interpretive Centre Industrial Adjustment Service Committee: • David Miller (deceased), Independent Chair • Greg Spears, Principal, Praxis: Performance Through People, Independent Chair • Melanie Goddard, City of Parksville, staff support • Fred Demmon, City of Parksville • Dr. Glen Jamieson, Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve Foundation • Julia Macdonald, former Mayor, City of Parksville • Joan Michel, Regional District of • Stewart Moore, Town of Qualicum Beach • Rick Roberts, Human Resources Development Canada • Rob Roycroft, CAO, City of Parksville

page 2 the Tourism Company Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 4.4.1 “Enlarged Community Park Zone” Table of Contents Option...... 56 4.5 Functional Site Relationships ...... 57 1. Executive Summary...... 5 4.5.1 No Land Acquisition Option (Exhibit 4- 16)...... 57 2. Study Purpose & Objectives ...... 9 4.5.2 Land Acquisition Option A (Exhibit 4- 17)...... 59 3. Heritage Resource Assessment ...... 11 4.5.3 Land Acquisition Option B (Exhbit 4- 3.1 Heritage Resources and Visitor 18)...... 59 Experience...... 11 3.2 Potential Interpretive Centre Messages 5. Development Concept...... 63 and Programs ...... 11 5.1 Visitor Types...... 63 3.2.1 Introduction ...... 11 5.1.1 Tourists...... 63 3.2.2 Interpretive Themes and Storylines .. 13 5.1.2 Residents ...... 65 3.3 Heritage Resource Inventory and 5.2 Visitor Rainbow ...... 66 Assessment...... 15 5.3 Potential Development Concepts ...... 68 3.3.1 Heritage Resource Inventory...... 15 5.4 Preferred Development Concept...... 69 3.3.2 Heritage Resource Assessment ...... 20 5.4.1 Facility Size & Configuration ...... 70 3.4 Summary of Visitor Experience 5.4.2 Exhibit Area...... 70 Opportunities ...... 35 5.4.3 Auditorium ...... 71 3.4.1 A Combination of Natural and 5.4.4 Reception Area...... 71 Cultural Site Experiences...... 35 5.4.5 Indoor Program Space...... 71 3.4.2 Trail Links...... 35 5.4.6 Laboratory...... 71 3.4.3 Archaeology Discovery Tours...... 35 5.4.7 Research Library...... 71 3.4.4 Research Partnerships...... 36 5.4.8 Retail ...... 71 3.4.5 Biographies of Important Local People 5.4.9 Food & Beverage...... 71 ...... 36 5.4.10 Administrative Offices...... 71 5.4.11 On-Site Programs & Events...... 71 4. Sites Assessment...... 39 5.4.12 Offsite-Programs & Events...... 72 4.1 Site Assessment Criteria...... 39 5.4.13 Estimated Development Cost...... 72 4.2 Potential Sites...... 40 5.4.14 Operating Season...... 72 4.3 Application of Site Assessment Criteria 5.4.15 Attendance Target...... 72 ...... 42 5.4.16 Average Length of Stay On- Site ...... 4.4 Recommended Site – Community Park ...... 73 Zone ...... 56 5.4.17 Overarching Considerations...... 73

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 3 6. Funding Strategy...... 75 6.1 Funding Options...... 75 6.1.1 General Funding Approach...... 75 6.1.2 “Giving Triangle”...... 76 6.1.3 Potential Funding Sources ...... 76 6.2 Recommended Funding Strategy ...... 80 6.2.1 Overall Approach...... 80 6.2.2 Funding Strategy...... 80

7. Governance ...... 83 7.1 Introduction ...... 83 7.2 Governance Structure Principles...... 83 7.3 Governance Structure ...... 84 7.3.1 Membership Level...... 84 7.3.2 Strategic Planning and Management Level...... 86 7.3.3 Operational Level...... 86

8. Economic Benefits ...... 89 8.1 Direct, Indirect and Induced Economic Benefits...... 89 8.1.1 Direct Benefits...... 89 8.1.2 Indirect Benefits...... 90 8.1.3 Induced Benefits...... 90

9. Appendix A: Sources ...... 91 9.1 References...... 91 9.2 Personal Contacts ...... 91 9.3 Concept Development Workshop Attendees...... 92 9.4 Documents Reviewed...... 92 9.5 Websites Reviewed...... 93

10. Appendix B: Study Work Plan ...... 95

page 4 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 1. Executive Summary to operate on a financially self-sufficient basis. However, given the compelling nature of the attraction concept that is taking shape, there is Conclusions every reason to believe that VIBC’s revenue generating capacity will be high. Certainly its The proposed Vancouver Island Biosphere economic contributions to the regional Centre (VIBC) continues to emerge as a economy will be substantial and provide potential world class attraction for the further incentive to continue the current Parksville-Qualicum Beach area. After planning process with the development of a completion of this Phase Two Planning Study business plan. it is apparent to the consultants that there are many key assets within the study area to Armed with a preliminary concept design, a support the development and operation of the more precise estimate of development costs VIBC including: and projections of expected operating revenues and expenses – all elements of a • an exceptionally rich and diverse inventory business plan -- proponents of the VIBC will of natural and cultural heritage resources; be better equipped to demonstrate the • an ideal site area in a high profile part of project’s viability and solicit commitments of Parksville; and, financial support. • strong consensus and support for an attraction concept that blends uniqe site Study Purpose and Objectives attributes and engaging exhibits, amenities The aim of the VIBC project is to promote and programs with exceptional off-site regional economic development and programming opportunities. conservation through tourism. The specific Acquiring the necessary financial resources to objectives of this Phase II Study, whose build the required central facility will require purpose is to identify the most appropriate the resolute implementation of a multi-layered direction and actions to move the project strategy comprising local fundraising, forward, include: partnerships, and contributions from all levels • Further definition of the vision of the VIBC; of government. • Recommend a preferred site; It remains to be determined through a future • Refinement of potential funding; business planning process the extent to which • Recommend a governance structure; and, commercially generated revenues will need to be augmented to ensure that the VIBC is able

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 5 • Quantify potential economic benefits of the proximity to other traffic generators, project. neighbouring property, and parking. One site, the Parksville Community Park Zone, Heritage Resource Assessment emerged as the clear favourite (with a score of 37.5 of a maximum 39) and was endorsed by An assessment of potential natural and attendees of the Concept Development cultural heritage resources within the study Workshop convened in December 2003. area that could provide a foundation for the VIBC’s visitor experiences was undertaken. Development Concept The partial inventory of natural heritage, built heritage, cultural landscapes, sites of sacred or The initial vision for the VIBC developed secular value, archaeological sites, and during the Phase 1 Study were refined artifacts compiled confirms the existence of through a more detailed analysis of heritage rich and extensive resources throughout the resources (leading to recommended study area (see Exhibit 3-2, pg 19), and interpretive themes and stories), identification suggests at least seven main interpretive of a recommended site, and assessment of themes for the centre: expected visitor types (11 in total) and their anticipated needs/expectations. • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve; • Geology and Climate; Three concept development options were prepared for assessment and review at the • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems; Concept Development Workshop where one • First Nations; concept emerged as a clear favourite. The key • Early Settlement and Development; elements of this concept include: • Development Patterns; and, • Located in the Parksville Community Park Zone; • Issues for the Future • A built facility of approximately 16,600 square feet, including exhibit area, Site Assessment auditorium, reception area, indoor program A list of 12 potential sites (see Exhibit 4-2, pg. space, laboratory, research library, retail 37) was provided to the consultants for space, food & beverage service, and assessment using 13 criterion including administrative offices; availability, size, cost, access, visibility, • Range of on-site programs and events proximity to resources, market preference, ranging from 1-2 hours to 1 week in zoning, topography, availability of services, duration; page 6 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • Offsite programs and events; from area and corporations, could be sufficient to provide the majority of • Estimated capital development cost of the funds that will be needed to construct and approximately $9.6 million not including operate the interpretive centre. any costs for land acquisition; and, • Targeted annual attendance of Governance approximately 120,000 (preliminary estimate). A three level governance structure intended to serve this project from the development stage Funding Strategy through to and including ongoing operations, while serving a number of principles It is unlikely that the proposed VIBC will be important to the project, has been developed. financially self-supporting on the basis of It provides for the involvement of key VIBC commercially generated revenues and there is stakeholders as well as the general public, no easy method of finding the money to build while establishing a Board of Directors to this project. Some federal and provincial provide leadership, asset stewardship and money is potentially available to fund the overall management, with standing business planning stage of the project, and committees and professional staff to undertake once the business plan is completed, the the necessary planning, development and project will be better situated to be eligible for operational tasks. funding that may be released in upcoming federal and provincial budgets. Economic Benefits

Our review of existing public sources of funds At this stage in the planning process only indicates that there is very little money general estimates of direct economic benefits available for capital or operating expenses. As (jobs) resulting from the capital investment a result, projects such as this will have to rely and ongoing operations of the VIBC can be to a great extent on funds raised from within offered. As many as 75 person years of the local and regional community. employment could be generated during construction of centre, with another 25 person Such a potentially daunting prospect is years of employment supported annually by diminished in this case because of the ongoing operations. unusually high number of wealthy retirees who have been attracted to the study area. Additional direct benefits in the form of taxes Their anticipated support, combined with collected by all three levels of government, as contributions from the broader population and well as indirect benefits generated from

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 7 suppliers to VIBC and by spending of VIBC upgrading and or new facilities may occur if visitors while in the study area (on VIBC is successful in attracting substantial accommodation, meals, souvenirs, automobile numbers of new tourists to the Parksville- fuel) can be expected. Furthermore, induced Qualicum Beach area, and convincing existing economic benefits from investment by other visitors to stay longer. tourism related businesses in expansion,

Parksville Bay looking north across Georgia Strait

page 8 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 2. Study Purpose & Objectives context of local and regional environmental features, ecosystems and cultures. • While focused on the establishment and Selection of a Preferred Site – one that operation of a Vancouver Island Biosphere respects the business principles of market Centre (VIBC), this project’s aim is to promote appeal and access, provides the resource regional economic development and base for presenting compelling interpretive conservation through tourism. themes that encompass the geographical, biological and cultural diversity of The proposed VIBC is intended to be Vancouver Island, and complements the “internationally recognized” and “state-of-the- existing parks and other related comparable art”, focusing on education programs that attractions and infrastructure of the region. explore both the natural and cultural heritage • Refinement of Potential Funding Sources – resources of the Parksville-Qualicum Beach through narrowing the range of available area and the Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere funding programs and possible funding Reserve. If it is successful, the new VIBC will partners to a short list of likely contributors, provide a focal point and staging area for eco- and developing a strategy for acquiring the tourism on Vancouver Island. In fulfilling necessary capital and operating funds. these multiple roles, the new centre must have • Recommendations for a Governance local, regional, national and international System – that will serve the project well appeal. through the current planning stage, as well The Phase II Planning Study is a logical as the subsequent construction stage, and progression from work already undertaken in ultimately the long term operating stage. Phase I. It validates and builds on the findings • Quantification of Economic Benefits – of the Phase I study (Environmental encompassing potential direct and indirect Interpretive Centre Pre-Feasibility Study, regional income, employment, and tax April 2003) while identifying the most revenues generated by the construction and appropriate direction and specific actions for operation of the VIBC over its first 5 years of moving the project forward. In particular, the existence. scope and objectives of this study include: • Further definition of the vision – recommending what facilities, amenities and programs would make the proposed VIBC an internationally recognized and environmentally sustainable attraction in the

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 9 Qualicum Beach page 10 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 3. Heritage Resource Assessment 3.2 Potential Interpretive Centre Messages and Programs

3.1 Heritage Resources and Visitor 3.2.1 Introduction Experience The following text is a first step towards Visitors visit interpretive centres for the providing a full menu of visitor experiences in anticipated quality of experience. They visit to the proposed Vancouver Island Biosphere learn (education), and/or play (recreation) Centre (VIBC) and throughout the study area. and/or be entertained (entertainment). To The ideas presented here are based on attract visitors for the first time and repeat secondary sources (primarily the Mount visits, interpretive centres must deliver a Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve website for balanced visitor experience that matches the natural resources, and local histories for needs and interests of its target markets. cultural ones) and an initial assessment in the field. They are by no means definitive, rather, Heritage resources, both natural heritage they are intended to generate discussion and resources (the environment) and cultural to lay the groundwork for preparation of a full heritage resources (history), provide the Interpretation Plan. Interpretation plans are an foundation for interpretive centre visitor essential component of the business planning experiences. They provide the primary phase of projects such as this and should be subjects for interpretation – or the stories to be the product of comprehensive consultation told -- and through various methods of with all relevant stakeholders. For the presentation or storytelling such as exhibits, moment, however, it is useful to suggest audiovisual presentations, demonstrations, interpretive themes and storylines in order to programs and events deliver the education, inform the selection of a site for the proposed recreation and entertainment elements of the centre and to give direction to the planning of visitor experience. its internal components.

The VIBC will be the primary place for residents and visitors alike to be introduced to the natural and cultural resources of the region. Interpreting the setting will be done in many different ways but the basic intent of the VIBC’s exhibits and programs will be to promote sustainable development by

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 11 showcasing the ecosystems of the Biosphere Milner Gardens and Woodland, Horne Lake Reserve and area, and by examining different Caves, the Gulf coastline and portions of the approaches to human use of this diverse and Englishman and Little important setting. Education in all its forms systems, there are relatively few places where will be the primary product of the VIBC, and a visitor can genuinely feel that they are in a the hope is that the interpretive messages memorable setting. The landscape here is visitors absorb here will help them become subtle, the natural features of note often strong supporters of sustainable development hidden or of specialist interest only, and the initiatives, both in this area and elsewhere. The cultural features either missing or goal is to build and operate an interpretive unremarkable. Even though the majority of the centre of international calibre that introduces area is within a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, visitors to the key messages and encourages 98% is in the so-called “transition” zone, them to travel out from the centre to visit sites meaning it has been heavily impacted by throughout the region. This “hub-and-spokes” human activity. Although significant local model will allow all parts of the study area to examples of resource conservation exist, major have a role in supporting the interpretive demonstration projects for sustainable centre’s goals. development are not yet available. If visitors are going to receive value for their experience, The challenge here is to offer authentic their attention must be directed to the key experiences that match visitor’s expectations resources that already have recognizable of a “world-class” setting. The first issue is impact, and they must become able to access. Unlike the majority of Vancouver appreciate resources that possess more subtle Island, where resource industries operate on features. Crown land, the study area is largely in private hands and public access is confined to The third, and in some ways most basic issue, major transportation routes and to the system is intent; in other words, what is the primary of public parks and reserves. If the VIBC is to purpose of the proposed VIBC? The study encourage visitors to travel throughout the terms of reference indicate that the centre is to region, the issue of access must be addressed. interpret the ecosystems of Vancouver Island, By implication, only those resources that are with particular emphasis on the study area publicly accessible should be highlighted in and its Biosphere Reserve. This idea is valid in the proposed centre until access to others is that the area has been a traditional crossroads secured. for humans and wildlife moving up and down the east coast and traversing the Island via The second issue is content. Aside from such mountain passes near Mount Arrowsmith. But obviously attractive sites as Cathedral Grove, the extent to which the proposed centre can page 12 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report reasonably depict the Island, much less the 3.2.2 Interpretive Themes and Storylines Pacific north-west and beyond, is probably quite limited. There is only so much that one The proposed VIBC will interpret both natural centre can convincingly portray and it is wise and cultural heritage resources. Natural to focus on the main topic of interest. Visitors resources include those found in both to ecotourism and cultural tourism attractions terrestrial and marine habitats. such as the proposed VIBC wish to have hands-on experience of the area they are The study area has many natural heritage visiting and will only need to be briefly resources but comparatively few cultural ones. informed of related areas elsewhere. The focus A pattern of seasonal land use by the First should be on resources and people that are Nations has left few traces, and extensive nearby, close enough for visitors to have a logging and land development in the last reasonable chance of seeing them during their century have erased much of what material stay. evidence formerly existed. The few buildings, ruins or archaeological sites that do remain are The VIBC will most likely be established often small and the tangible evidence subtle. during a time when all three issues – access, However, the associative resources – meanings content, and intent – are still being addressed. and values drawn from events and activities Because of this fact, the centre must take a that formerly existed – are a rich source of greater interpretive role in the initial years of interpretive themes and storylines. The its operation, and only later truly fulfil its following assessment will review both types of preferred role as an orientation centre for a heritage resource (material and associative), variety of sites located elsewhere. Best for both natural and cultural categories. From advantage will have to be taken of available this assessment will be identified interpretive resources. Pilot projects to develop new themes and storylines that, in turn, can experiences must be undertaken quickly in provide opportunities to create compelling order to provide tangible examples of the main experiences for visitors to the area. themes explored in the new centre. And the community will have to use the VIBC fully, For natural heritage resources, the major through formal programs as well as everyday components of the Mount Arrowsmith events, in order to demonstrate their Biosphere Reserve (MABR) can each supply a commitment to sustainable living. theme. As suggested previously, however, the focus for interpretation will be on those natural resources that are accessible to the public.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 13 In terms of cultural heritage resources, the 9 Island formation area has had a long history of First Nations 9 Glaciers and after occupation but a comparatively short period of post-contact European settlement, and thus 9 Influence of Climate the entire First Nations period can form one • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems interpretive theme. Within the post-contact period, the initial phase of pioneering and 9 Mountains resource extraction still dominates, except in 9 Forests coastal areas along major highways, where 9 there is a pattern of land subdivision for Watercourses residential and commercial development. 9 Coastlines 9 Each key natural resource or period of cultural The Strait and its islands history provides a theme. Related storylines 9 Wildlife provide the descriptive character that allows • First Nations visitors to more fully understand and appreciate the attributes of each theme. 9 Peoples and Languages Interpretation of the Biosphere Reserve in 9 Daily life terms of its reasons for designation, components and significance, should take 9 Culture and spirituality place in the VIBC whereas the component 9 Contemporary bands natural and cultural heritage resources can be interpreted both in the centre and at the • Early Settlement and Development individual satellite sites. 9 First settlers

Based on the scope of research undertaken for 9 Transportation networks this study, the following are the recommended 9 Farming, fishing and forestry main interpretive themes and component 9 Idealized visions of development storylines for the proposed VIBC: • Development Patterns • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve 9 Historic buildings 9 Description 9 Cultural landscapes 9 Significance 9 Planned communities 9 Characteristics • Issues for the Future • Geology and Climate page 14 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 9 Dwindling natural resources 9 Managing land development Habitats

9 Securing public access to open space The Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve 9 Long term environmental stewardship [MABR] includes a range of habitats from alpine at the tops of Mount Arrowsmith, Cokely and 9 Sustainability (social, economic and Moriarty, to marine estuaries at the Strait of environmental) Georgia. The Winchelsea/ballenas archipelago of mostly uninhabited islands comprises some of the As part of the expected next phase of planning last remaining undisturbed Coastal Douglas-fir for the VIBC, it will be important to review (CDF) ecosystem (less than 1% of this and validate or revise these themes and bigeoclimatic zone remains in relatively unaltered storylines within the context of an interpretive condition). Vancouver Island has the lowest tree master plan. line (about 1300 m) in because of heavy winter snows. 3.3 Heritage Resource Inventory and The Biosphere Reserve includes seven main Assessment vegetation zones. The dominant vegetation classified in their climax forms are the Maritime 3.3.1 Heritage Resource Inventory Coastal Douglas-fir and Hemlock Zones at lower elevations, and the Maritime Mountain Hemlock Zone at higher elevations. With increasing distance Natural Heritage Resources from the mountains, drier, milder conditions Most of the important natural resources of the prevail, and the coast’s climate is representative of study area are found within the MABR and of the mildest climate found in all of Canada. these, a few are rare or unique species. In most Most of the Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve cases, however, the importance of the natural is land managed for forestry. About 75% of the resources in the study area is their typicality or MABR is second-growth timber, and this now representativeness in a region where the supports most logging activity. The remainder is native habitats have otherwise been old-growth forests, mostly hemlock at higher extensively altered by human activities. The elevations. Western hemlock predominates at mid- following excerpt from the MABR website elevations while mountain hemlock and yellow (Attributes section), as included in the cedar occur at the highest elevations. Douglas-fir Interpretive Centre Phase I Report, predominates at lower elevations, with grand fir summarizes the study area’s natural heritage and red cedar found mixed with Douglas-fir in resources: wetter habitats…Over the past century, most of the

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 15 old growth forest on the east side of Vancouver areas for such species as Trumpeter Swans (the Island has been logged…but in isolated areas, largest of waterfowl), Mallard, American Widgeon, particularly deep ravines, stands of old-growth and others. During severe winter weather, when forest still remain. Such habitat is considered upland areas are ice or snow-covered, the estuaries particularly valuable, both because of its relative become critical habitat to the thousands of water rarity in the area and because of the unique birds that winter in the area and use upland habitat ecosystem it represents. for feeding. Hundreds of Bald Eagles are present on salmon streams in the fall and winter and eagles The Biosphere Reserve contains one of three natural nest on both river estuaries. stands in British Columbia of the only large rhododendron species native to the Pacific The Englishman and Little Qualicum Rivers Northwest (Rhododendron macrophyllum). This support five species of salmon (chum, pink, Coho, stand is presently on private land, with no official Chinook and steelhead) and cutthroat trout, and the designation. The MABR approaches the northern estuaries are important acclimation areas for smolts limit of the range of arbutus (Arbutus menziesii), as they adapt to the marine environment and for Garry oak (), and the hairy adults that return to the rivers to spawn and die. manzanita (Arctostaphylos columbiana). Both rivers, despite development pressures, remain two of the top ten steelhead and cutthroat trout Wildlife rivers in British Columbia.

The estuaries and the coastal wildlife management The Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve area are used by about 100-200 thousand migrating contains extensive wilderness areas supporting all water birds each year, including such species as the upland mammal and bird species found on Brant, Pacific Loons (Common, Arctic and Red- Vancouver Island. These include such species as throated), Cormorants (Brandt’s, Pelagic and Columbian blacktail deer, black bear, , Double-crested), American Widgeon, Mallard, Roosevelt elk, martin, fisher, and river otter. Even Green-winged Teal, and diving ducks (three the endangered Vancouver Island marmot has been scoters, Goldeneye, Harlequin Duck, Bufflehead, reported in the alpine areas of Mounts Arrowsmith and three merganser species). and Moriarty.

Over 220 bird species have been observed on the The Ballenas/Winchelsea Islands are home to many Little Qualicum River estuary, of which more than marine mammals, with harbour seals year-round 150 are migrants. In summer, the estuaries are residents. California and Stellar sea lions, along important to such species as the Savannah sparrow with elephant seals, are present in the winter and and mountain bluebird, and rare songbirds such as spring, and killer whales, Pacific white-sided the western meadowlark use this area in winter. dolphins, Dall porpoises, and humpback and grey The estuaries also serve as important wintering whales occasionally pass along the coast. page 16 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report From this summary description it is clear that of the Coast Salish Nation occupy lands within many of the areas containing important the study area (see Exhibit 3-2), to the south natural heritage resources are concentrated and north respectively, of the Biosphere along the coast or up the river valleys: the rest Reserve. No pre-contact First Nations are on private or off-limits public land. structures are known to have survived. Interpreting natural resources thus becomes an activity focused on areas that are accessible to Overland routes along the coast and through the public. Luckily, some of the most the mountain passes pre-dated settlement in representative natural areas have already been this area. Europeans first began settling in the secured for public use and long-term 1870s but development was focused inland conservation. These designated natural areas until new roads and bridges opened the coast include (see Exhibit 3-2): to significant development. As a result, the major area municipalities, Parksville and • National Wildlife Management Area (at Qualicum Beach, were incorporated relatively Little Qualicum River Estuary) recently (1945 and 1942, respectively). Of the • Parksville-Qualicum Wildlife Management buildings and structures from the early Area exploration and settlement period (i.e. 1860 onwards), very little remains. Structures • Englishman River Falls Provincial Park related to early transport systems still exist • Little Qualicum Falls Provincial Park and include early road alignments, early road • Rathtrevor Beach Provincial Park side buildings (e.g. the Rod and Gun Club in Parksville), the railway and its related trestles, • MacMillan Provincial Park embankments, stations and outbuildings. • Mount Arrowsmith Regional Park (not Remains of early steamship docks (e.g. shown on Exhibit 3-2) Madrona Point) may still exist and French Creek is an established fishing port and ferry In addition, there are municipal parks such as dock. A few buildings from the early days of Top Bridge and the newly created Englishman tourist development still exist, as do some of River Regional Park that contain natural the early farmsteads in the interior. Some of heritage resources common to the Englishman the early 20th century grand homes also exist. River waterway. The majority of the built environment, however, dates from the period after the Built Heritage Resources Second World War.

There are no First Nations reserves within the General areas of significance for built heritage MABR but the Nanoose and Qualicum Bands resources include:

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 17 • Old and Alberni Highways in the large farms and forestry operations (especially in downtown Qualicum Beach inland and the residential and tourism and Parksville) developments along the Old Island Highway (e.g. the Island Hall Hotel, Qualicum Beach • Judges’ Row/East Crescent (Qualicum Memorial golf course). French Creek remains a Beach) fishing port, remains a military • Coombs (general store and area) base. The main railway line still exists in • French Creek (fishing port and ferry docks) operation; evidence still remains of early corduroy roads, rail lines and mining • Craig Heritage Park (collection of moved operations. Few of the old seaside private heritage structures from Parksville area) residential estates have not been redeveloped as resorts or residential enclaves, but Milner Cultural Landscapes Gardens and Woodland is a notable exception in retaining the layout and atmosphere of the The entire area was a cultural landscape for original estate. the First Nations with the coastline, estuaries, river valleys and mountain passes having The study area is also interesting because of its particular significance. Tribal boundaries history of settlement by specific cultural would also have determined the significance groups, such as the Salvation Army (founders of certain areas within the whole. Coastal of Coombs), the Doukhobors (Hilliers), and ex- Salish natives who populated this area have patriot British (brought to the area by the devolved into two local groups: the Qualicum Vancouver Island Fruit Lands Co., a land and Nanoose bands. development and marketing agency acting for the railway). Once settlers arrived, the entire area became a development zone but settlement was General areas of significance for cultural scattered inland or confined to coastal areas, in landscapes include: close proximity to the railway, roads and • Coombs/Errington (farming, rodeo, docks. The Englishman River estuary and bluegrass festival) environs contain evidence of the earliest settlement and tourism development periods, • Old Island Highway tourism developments as does the Marshall Stevenson Wildlife • Englishman River estuary (First Nations and Reserve in Qualicum Beach. early settlement) The early pattern of land development • Little Qualicum River estuary (First Nations established by the first settlers is still evident and early farmstead) page 18 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • Nanoose Bay (former industries and current database for this area, the majority retain military testing site) interpretive value even if disturbed. Types of resources include fish weirs, tree burial sites, Sites of Sacred or Secular Value petroglyphs, culturally modified trees, burial cairns, middens, and caves. Sacred sites for First Nations remain unmarked for security reasons but areas of General areas of significance for archaeological potential have been identified. Secular sites resources include: include places that demonstrate significant • Little Qualicum River estuary community initiative. • Englishman River General areas of significance for sacred or • Craig Bay secular value include: • Horne Lake caves • Little Mountain (potential FIRST NATIONS vision quest site – to be confirmed with future archaeological research) Artifacts • Englishman River estuary (traditional Most artifacts removed during archaeological fishing/habitation area) excavations are now stored in local or Provincial museums. • Midden sites, including shell middens at seasonal or semi-permanent encampments General sites with significant artifacts include: (e.g. Craig Bay) • Craig Heritage Park (archives as well as • Parksville (Community Park, Memorial collections of logging industry, farming, Avenue) commercial and personal artifacts) • Qualicum Beach (Old School House, • Qualicum Beach Historical Society Museum community golf course, Communities in (geological/palaeontology collection as well Bloom project) as artifacts illustrating social history and the history of local power generation) Archaeological Sites • Qualicum Beach and Parksville Railway The study area is rich in sites of archaeological stations (photographs as well as a logging potential, the majority of which are First locomotive) Nations sites along the coastline or adjacent to inland rivers and lakes. Of the over 100 known archaeological sites listed on the Provincial

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 19 Exhibit 3-1: Summary of Selected Heritage Resources Resource/Site Resource Type Interpretive Themes • Milner Gardens and Woodland (personal art, furnishings and archival collection of the Milner’s)

3.3.2 Heritage Resource Assessment

Exhibit 3-1 summarizes a partial inventory of Natural Cultural Biosphere Reserve Geology & Climate Terrestrial & Marine Ecosystems First Nations Early Settlement & Development Development Patterms Issues the for Future Alberni Highway/Horne Lake Trail XXXXXXX X heritage resources identified within the study area, while Exhibit 3-2 illustrates their Big Qualicum Hatchery XXXlocations. Many of these resources are Cameron Lake/MacMillan Provincial XXXXXXX X described in more detail below. Park (Cathedral Grove) Coombs/Errington/Hilliers XX X X The scope and resources of this study did not permit the compilation of a comprehensive Englishman River Estuary XXX XXX X inventory. Such an inventory would be Englishman River Falls Provincial Park XXXXX X compiled as part of the development of an interpretive master plan for the VIBC, French Creek XXX X X X recommended as part of a future planning Horne Lake Caves Provincial Park/Horne XXXXXphase. Lake Regional Park Little Mountain XXX X X

Little Qualicum River Estuary X XX X XXXX Little Qualicum River Falls Provincial XXXXX X Park Milner Gardens and Woodland X XXX X XXX

Nanoose Bay XXX X XX

Old Island Highway/E&N Railway XX XX

Parksville XXX X XX Parksville/Qualicum Wildlife XXXX X Management Area Qualicum Beach X XX X XXX Rathtrevor Provincial Park/Crai g X XX X XXXX Bay/Madrona Point Top Bridge Municipal Park X XXX XX X page 20 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report Exhibit 3-2

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 21

• Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- Alberni Highway/Horne Lake Trail mountains; forests; watercourses; coastlines; and wildlife. These passages through the mountains are important for both their natural and cultural • First Nations -- people and languages; and, heritage resources. daily life. • Early Settlement and Development -- first The Horne Lake Trail was the first route to settlers; and, transportation networks. connect the east and west sides of the Island overland and follows an old native trail that • Issues for the Future -- long term linked Qualicum with Alberni. The route was environmental stewardship (e.g. fish used by the first European explorers (e.g. hatchery). Adam Horne of the Hudson’s Bay Company) and traders travelling to the west coast of the On-site visitor experience opportunities could Island (it became known as the Horne Lake include guided and self-guided tours and Trail). The Colonial Government developed hiking. the trail into a wagon road in 1872 and maintained it as the main postal route across VIBC exhibits and programmes could feature: the Island until 1885. A public-private • Tour linkages to south and west; and, partnership has recently secured a hiking trail • First Nations interpretation. route that closely follows the old Trail and links the Qualicum Indian Reserve with , with links to such nearby attractions Big Qualicum Hatchery as the Horne Lake Caves and Park and the Big Located on the Big Qualicum River, this Qualicum Fish Hatchery. hatchery operated by Fisheries and Oceans The Alberni Highway follows the more Canada produces approximately 100,000 southerly Cameron Lake/Arrowsmith route steelhead and 25,000 cutthroat trout annually and was developed in 1885 to allow vehicular for release into the River. This hatchery was traffic to take advantage of gentler gradients. the first of the modern enhancement projects undertaken in B.C. and has provided a model Interpretive themes and storylines include: for other developments. The hatchery attracts tourists, particularly during the October to • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. December period and February to April when • Geology and Climate -- island formation; adult salmon and steelhead, respectively, are glaciers and after; and, influence of climate. ascending the fish ladder to the holding ponds.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 23

Within the study area there are other fish the most publicly accessible remnant hatcheries including: ecosystems in this region. Largely as a result of intensive lobbying by local residents and • a smaller hatchery operated by the chambers of commerce, MacMillan Park was Englishman River Enhancement Group donated to the Province by a lumber baron (EREG) located on the Englishman River in and is one of only two Class A Provincial the newly created, 489 acre Englishman parks that specifically protect old growth River Regional Park; forest. Because it is a rare example of such • Little Qualicum River hatchery; and, forest and is easily accessible from a main • Craig Creek Hatchery. highway, visitation is very high (over 300,000 annually) and the resultant impact on the Interpretive themes and storylines include: natural setting is a pressing problem.

• Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems – Cultural heritage resources include road and watercourses; and, wildlife. railway structures (especially trestles) and • Issues for the Future – dwindling natural associations with First Nations and early resources; and, long term environmental tourism resort developments (e.g. Cameron stewardship. Lake Chalet, built by Canadian Pacific in 1912 on the east end of the lake and latterly On-site visitor experience opportunities could operated by the Monks family). A trail (called include guided and self-guided tours of the the Arrowsmith Trail) was constructed for hatchery as well as wildlife (fish) viewing. guests as a hiking and equestrian route linking the lodge to Mount Cokely. A renewed version VIBC exhibits and programmes could feature of this trail now offers hiking routes to the fishery enhancement programs and the role of Mount Arrowsmith-Cokely area. Fisheries and Oceans Canada as well as volunteer groups such as EREG. Interpretive themes and storylines include: • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. Cameron Lake/MacMillan Provincial Park • Geology and Climate -- island formation; (Cathedral Grove) and, influence of climate. These sites comprise a major nature-based • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- destination in the mountain pass that links the mountains; forests; watercourses; and, east and west coasts of Vancouver Island. wildlife. Straddling the Alberni Highway, the lake, park and grove of old growth trees are some of page 24 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • First Nations -- daily life (seasonal migration remain centres of a distinct rural culture, the through the pass, seasonal hunting camps in most famous aspects of which are bluegrass area) . music and a rodeo. • Early Settlement and Development -- Interpretive themes and storylines include: transportation networks (trail, road and rail); (farming, fishing) and forestry; and, • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. idealized visions of development (e.g. • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- forests. Cameron Lake Chalet). • Early Settlement and Development -- • Issues for the Future -- dwindling natural farming, (fishing) and forestry; and, resources (esp. Cathedral Grove) ; and, long idealized visions of development (i.e. term environmental stewardship (e.g. religious utopian settlements and model MacMillan Park). farms).

On-site visitor experience opportunities could On-site visitor experience opportunities could include guided and self-guided tours, trail use, include guided and self-guided tours, music and water-based recreation. festivals, Farmers’ market, and rodeo.

VIBC exhibits and programmes could feature: VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring • Old growth forest; modern forestry links; Coombs/Errington/Hilliers might include and, events linkages (farmers’ market, music festivals). • Impact of visitation on rare resources.

Englishman River Estuary Coombs/Errington/Hilliers This area encompasses the end point of the These rural hamlets were the community focus region’s largest and most diverse river for the farmers who settled this area in the late drainage system. The estuary is also an 19th and early 20th centuries. Early attempts to essential component of the Parksville- farm the area were supported by such Qualicum Beach Wildlife Management Area, innovations as experimental farms. Several an important regional conservation initiative communities were founded by religious aimed at preserving essential wildfowl and groups, Coombs by the Salvation Army, and fish habitat. Cultural heritage resources parts of Hilliers by the Doukhobors. Though include associations with First Nations and these communities never lived up to their early settlement, as well as the Community early promise as ideal farming areas, they Park (a pioneering local initiative).

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 25

Interpretive themes and storylines include: Englishman River Falls/Little Qualicum Falls Provincial Parks • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- These provincial parks provide good public watercourses; coastlines; and, wildlife. access to important parts of the two main watercourses in the study area. The varied • First Nations -- daily life (e.g. seasonal habitats and deeply cut watercourses offer occupation, fishing, middens); and, culture dramatic settings for day use hiking. The and spirituality (e.g. burial practices). Englishman River is especially important as a • Early Settlement and Development -- first salmon river and as a site for long-term settlers (e.g. Hirst, Parks). environmental stewardship.

• Issues for the Future -- securing public Interpretive themes and storylines include: access to open space (e.g. Community Park); and, long term environmental stewardship • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. (e.g. Wildlife Management Area, salmon • Geology and Climate -- island formation. monitoring and river enhancement projects). • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- forests; On-site visitor experience opportunities could watercourses; and wildlife (esp. salmon). include guided and self-guide tours of the • Issues for the Future -- securing public estuary, wildlife viewing, and trail usage. access to open space; and, long term environmental stewardship (esp. fish VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring the hatchery). Englishman River Estuary might include: • Trail links -- waterfront walkway, On-site visitor opportunities could include interpretive trails in the estuary, guided and self-guided tours, trail use, and hiking/biking trails up the Englishman camping. River; VIBC exhibits and programmes might feature: • Coastal links -- water-based shuttle to French Creek, Rathtrevor Park; and, • Old growth forest; • Events programming based on site’s early • Geology and river formation; and, history. • Fish and wildlife.

page 26 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report French Creek • Geology -- best site for access to offshore islands. French Creek is a fishing harbour and ferry terminal that is one of the few remaining working harbours on this coast and the only Horne Lake Caves Provincial Park/Horne working harbour in the study area. Its cultural Lake Regional Park heritage resources relate to its ongoing Horne Lake Caves Provincial Park is a 123 traditions of fishing and ferrying, and to its hectare area established as a provincial park in newer role as a departure point for February 1971 after members of the Canadian interpretive tours of the Strait. Speleological Society recognized the value of the area and approached the provincial Interpretive themes and storylines associated government to have the area protected. The with French Creek include: Provincial Park currently protects the unique • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. karst features and caves, a forested area buffering approximately 1 km. of the • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- Qualicum River adjacent to the Horne Lake watercourses; coastlines; and, the strait and Caves, and indigenous fish and wildlife. The its islands. Park is home to the Horne Lake Caverns and • Early Settlement and Development -- Tepee Adventure Camp, a commercial fishing; and, transportation networks (e.g. attraction recently awarded an Attractions ferry). Canada award for “Best Natural Outdoor Site • Issues for the Future -- dwindling natural in B.C.”. In addition to cave exploring, there is resources (esp. marine life); long term a day use area on the shore of the Big environmental stewardship; and, Qualicum River that offers shallow water sustainability (e.g. fishing industry). suitable for swimming.

On-site visitor experience opportunities could Horne Lake Regional Park located adjacent to include guided and self-guide harbour tours, the provincial park is a 260 acre parcel owned off-shore tours, and sport fishing. and managed by the Regional District of Nanaimo that includes about 3 kilometres of VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring lake (Horne Lake) and another 2 kilometres of French Creek might include: riverfront (Qualicum River). The park offers camping, boating, day-use picnicking, • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- best swimming and a connection to the Regional site for access to coastal and offshore marine District of Nanaimo Regional Trail System, resources; and,

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 27

including the Horne Lake Trail (see Alberni Interpretive themes and storylines include: Highway/Horne Lake Trail, above). • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. Interpretive themes and storylines include: • Geology and Climate -- island formation; and, glaciers and after. • Geology and Climate -- island formation; and, glaciers and after. • First Nations -- daily life; and, culture and spirituality. • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems – forests; watercourses; and wildlife. • Development patterns -- historic buildings. • First Nations – daily life (trade route On-site visitor experience opportunities could connecting east and west sides of island). include guided and self-guided tours, and • Issues for the Future – securing public views over coastline and offshore islands. access to open space; and, long term environmental stewardship VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring Little Mountain might include important view On-site visitor experience opportunities could over coastline and offshore islands. include guided and self-guided tours of the caves, wildlife viewing, water-based Little Qualicum River Estuary recreation, and camping. This small site protects the estuary of one of VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring the main drainage systems in the study area. It Horne Lake Caves Provincial Park/Horne comprises the Marshall-Stevenson Federal Lake Regional Park would focus on the Wildlife Preserve and the recently acquired presence, formation and role of caves within Little Qualicum River Estuary Regional the Biosphere Reserve. Conservation Area (all part of the Parksville Qualicum National Wildlife Area), a Little Mountain pioneering example of environmental conservation along this coast. The site is This escarpment affords a panoramic view of located between the coastal highway and the the east coast and is also reputed to be an Strait and is made up of shoreline, wetland important First Nations seasonal use and and an old farmstead, with its associated fields spiritual site. Cultural heritage resources and small woodlot. The primary cultural include First Nations associations and heritage resource is the farmstead of the examples of early housing. Kinkade family, founding settlers of Qualicum Beach. page 28 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report Interpretive themes and storylines associated was developed in the 1930s by Noel Money, with the Estuary include: one of the founders of Qualicum Beach, and later owned by the Milners who transformed it • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. into a nature preserve and ornamental garden. • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems – It is now owned and operated by Malaspina watercourses; wildlife; and, coastlines. University-College and is being developed as • First Nations -- daily life. an educational and interpretive centre. Cultural heritage resources include the • Early Settlement and Development -- early buildings and designed landscape in addition settlers (Kinkades). to the well-documented cultural history of the • Development Patterns -- historic buildings Milners and their contemporaries. (Kinkade homestead); and, cultural landscapes (Kinkade farm). Interpretive themes and storylines associated with Milner Gardens and Woodland might • Issues for the Future -- long term include: environmental stewardship. • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. On-site visitor experience opportunities could • Geology and Climate -- glaciers and after; include guided and self-guided tours, wildlife and, Influence of climate. viewing, trail activities, and water access. • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- forests; VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring the and, coastlines. Estuary might include: • Early Settlement and Development -- • Example of complete cultural landscape idealized versions of development (ex-pat (farmstead) as part of important conserved British country estates). natural setting (i.e. satellite site); and, • Development Patterns -- cultural landscapes • Precedent for federal involvement in local (designed landscapes). conservation initiatives. • Issues for the Future -- long term environmental stewardship (Milners and Milner Gardens and Woodland Malaspina University-College).

Milner Gardens and Woodland is a rare On-site visitor experience opportunities could example of an English-style country estate as include guided and self-guided tours, trails, well as one of the few old-growth coastal programs, events, college courses, workshops, habitats that has been essentially conserved. It shopping and afternoon tea.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 29

VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring National Wildlife Area and nearby Arbutus Milner Gardens and Woodland might include: Grove Provincial Park. • Involvement of students from Malaspina Cultural heritage resources include University-College (e.g. interpretive signage associations with earlier communities and design, demonstration/children’s garden remains of industry and military uses. design, programming and maintenance); • Joint site marketing and programming; and, Interpretive themes and storylines include: • Site tours interpreting important messages • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. introduced in VIBC (e.g. coastal forest • Terrestrial and marine ecosystems -- ecosystems, British settlement, conservation watercourses; wildlife; coastlines; and, the practices). strait and its islands. • Development patterns -- planned Nanoose Bay communities. Nanoose Bay is home to some of the rarest • Issues for the future -- managing land types of natural resources to be found development; securing public access to open throughout this region. It is also one of the space; and, long term environmental finest natural harbours along this coast as well stewardship. as an important setting for military and scientific research. Its industrial history On-site visitor experience opportunities could includes the Giant Powder Works explosives include guided and self-guided tours, wildlife plant, a sawmill and a brickworks, and its viewing and trail activities. social history includes the small communities associated with the industries as well as a VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring children’s camp (Moorecroft, run by the Nanoose Bay might include conservation United Church) and the existing First Nations projects on federal lands. Reserve. It contains several important coastal ecosystems, some of which are contained Old Island Highway/E&N Railway within the federal lands that are part of the Maritime Experimental Test Range, an Without adequate overland transportation, international military research establishment this area could not have been developed. The (closed to the public), and some within the construction of the highway (1886) and the Nanoose portion of the Parksville Qualicum railway (1910) were the key infrastructure improvements necessary to open this area for

page 30 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report settlement. The E&N railway was important of settlers at the mouth of the Englishman because the Provincial government granted River, then as a commercial and residential the railway ownership of the adjacent lands, in nucleus along the Nanaimo-Alberni Highway return for completion of the line. As a result, (1886) and the & Nanaimo Railway the railway became the largest private (1910). It has grown considerably from its landowner in the region and initiated logging modest beginnings and is now the focus for and land settlement, in the latter case through much of the commercial and residential an affiliated land development company. development in the whole study area. Cultural heritage resources include the former Parksville is also a regional focus for public routes of native inland and coastal trails as recreation, with its long sand beach and large well as buildings and artifacts associated with waterfront park. Cultural heritage resources the early days of local transport. relate to the family histories and few remaining places that are essential to an Interpretive themes and storylines include: understanding of its development history. • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. Parksville is also the location for the region’s largest museum, Craig Heritage Park, in • Early settlement and development -- which are displayed and interpreted transportation networks; farming, (fishing) representative buildings and artifacts from key and forestry; and, idealized visions of periods in the area’s history. development. • Development patterns -- historic buildings Interpretive themes and storylines include: (and structures: i.e. rail stations, • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. outbuildings, and trestles). • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- On-site visitor experience opportunities might coastlines; wildlife; and, the strait and its include guided and self-guided highway islands. tours, and rail tours. • Early Settlement and Development -- first settlers; and, idealized visions of VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring the development (e.g. Island Hall Hotel). Old Island Highway/E&N Railway might include rail and highway tour links. • Development Patterns -- historic buildings (e.g. Rod & Gun Hotel, railway station and outbuildings, and Craig Heritage Park); and, Parksville cultural landscapes (e.g. Community Park). Parksville was the first major community to be developed in this area, initially as a collection

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 31

On-site visitor experience opportunities could Interpretive themes and storylines include: include guided and self-guided tours, visits to • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. Craig Heritage Park, use of Community Park facilities, beach activities, water access and • Geology and Climate -- Island formation; events. and, glaciers and after. • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems – VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring watercourses; wildlife (esp. Brant geese) Parksville might include orientation for entire and, coastlines. region and MABR. • Issues for the Future -- securing public Parksville/Qualicum Wildlife Management access to open space; and, long term Area environmental stewardship.

This wildlife management area is intended to On-site visitor experience opportunities could protect and manage coastal habitats that are include guided and self-guided tours, wildlife essential for the survival of fish and wildlife. viewing, and trail activity. The impetus for the project was the impact of urban development on the foreshore habitat of VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring the the Pacific Black Brant, and the estuarine Parksville/Qualicum Wildlife Management habitat of salmon and marine birds. The Area might include might include direct access resultant area now consists of three main to coastline, estuaries and river, and biophysical components. The primary part is demonstration project for environmental 17 km of coastal foreshore (between the high stewardship. and low water marks) stretching from a site 5 km northwest of Qualicum Beach to Madrona Qualicum Beach Point, south of Parksville. Next are the estuaries of the Little Qualicum and This community is focused on one of the Englishman Rivers, and the final component is largest beaches on this coast. Long associated a 14.5 km stretch of the Englishman River with First Nations, Qualicum Beach streambed and riverbank, running encompasses the original European settlement downstream from Englishman River Falls that grew up along the shoreline road (1894) Provincial Park. The Management Area not and the railroad (1910) and was largely the only protects and restores habitats; it also result of planned development undertaken by promotes compatible activities such as wildlife land development companies attracted by the viewing. area’s setting, climate and good transportation links. After World War I, the community page 32 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report became a focus for gradual development landscapes (e.g. golf course); and, planned based on tourism and retirement living, a communities (e.g. early town plan). trend that has continued today. Cultural heritage is characterized by the buildings and On-site visitor experience opportunities could landscapes created in the early 20th century as include guided and self-guided tours, heritage part of planned developments financed by forest trail use, and access to coastline. international investors, and by the ongoing presence of a First Nations band. Qualicum VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring Beach also has one of the two largest museums Qualicum Beach might include: in the study area, interpreting local social • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems --- direct history as well as housing special collections access to coastline; (palaeontology, history of power generation).

Its railway station and environs are also very • First Nations -- best site for FIRST well conserved. NATIONS interpretation; and, • Early Settlement and Development -- one of Interpretive themes and storylines associated several model settlements with strong with Qualicum Beach include: British influences. • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. • Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- Rathtrevor Provincial Park/Craig coastlines. Bay/Madrona Point • First Nations -- peoples and languages (e.g. This Provincial Park has one of the finest Pentlach-Qualicum band); daily life; culture public beaches on the east coast of Vancouver and spirituality; and, contemporary band Island and is a very popular camping and day (e.g. Qualicum band). use destination. The coastline is associated with the Raths and the Craigs, two of the • Early Settlement and Development -- first earliest families of settlers, and Madrona Point settlers (e.g. Kinkade, Money); was the site of the first steamer docks to serve transportation networks (e.g. Alberni the area, prior to construction of the roads and Highway); and, idealized visions of railway. Cultural heritage resources include development (e.g. Vancouver Island Fruit First Nations middens and the associations Lands Co., Money’s developments, with the early days of settlement. Qualicum College). • Development Patterns -- historic buildings Interpretive themes and storylines include: (e.g. mansions, railway station); cultural • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 33

• Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems -- forests; views of the area’s geology. The park has been coastlines; wildlife; and, the strait and its developed as a nationally famous mountain islands. biking venue and remains a popular local swimming site. Cultural heritage resources • First Nations -- culture and spirituality (e.g. include its First Nations and early middens). transportation history. • Early Settlement and Development -- first settlers (e.g. Rath, Craig); and, Interpretive themes and storylines include: transportation networks (e.g. steamship • Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve. dock). • Geology and Climate -- island formation. • Development Patterns -- planned communities (e.g. Craig Bay). • First Nations -- culture and spirituality (petroglyphs). • Issues for the Future -- securing public access to open space and, managing land • Early Settlement and Development -- development (e.g. Craig Bay middens). transportation networks (site of bridge on Nanaimo-Alberni Highway). On-site visitor experience opportunities could • Issues for the Future -- securing and include beach activities, water access, trails, managing public access to open space (e.g. camping and park programs. trail links along river; potential bridge crossing over river). VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring Rathtrevor Park/Craig Bay/Madrona Point On-site visitor experience opportunities could might include: include viewing petroglyphs, hiking, • Nearest midden site; mountain biking and swimming. • Trail extensions from Englishman River VIBC exhibits and programmes featuring Top estuary; and, Bridge Municipal Park might include: • Family histories. • Only known local petroglyphs site; • Top Bridge Municipal Park Geological interpretation; and, • Trail links up Englishman River valley. This is one of several public open spaces along the Englishman River, and one of the most important recreation areas. The deeply cut river gorge offers excellent cross-sectional page 34 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 3.4 Summary of Visitor Experience or coastlines, such as the Parksville waterfront Opportunities trail, or former overland routes, such as the Horne Lake Trail. The trails not only provide access to important resources, they also offer 3.4.1 A Combination of Natural and recreation and many opportunities for on-site Cultural Site Experiences interpretation.

The study area contains a wide variety of sites, 3.4.3 Archaeology Discovery Tours most of which contain elements of both natural and cultural heritage. Even those sites Of all the cultural heritage resources, that are primarily associated with cultural archaeological resources are the largest heritage resources are often paired with untapped opportunity. Although the First important natural resource sites. For example, Nations history of the area is important, its the Englishman River is one of the most evidence is only now being recognized by attractive environmental, scenic and archaeologists and First Nations bands alike. recreational features of the study area; it is also Due to government budget cutbacks rich in cultural history. Cathedral Grove and professional investigation has largely been nearby Cameron Lake offer breathtaking confined to Environmental Assessments for scenery, but they also have important human specific development projects, but native stories to tell. And the area’s famous beaches bands such as the Qualicum FIRST NATIONS offer evidence of native and post-contact have been actively promoting education (via a culture to those able to recognize the clues. video) to instruct people on what to look for and avoid in undertaking any new land 3.4.2 Trail Links development. But controversies surrounding development at Craig Bay show that The Biosphere Reserve has many interpreting First Nations heritage will require environmental features, but access to these careful negotiation with local bands. Even features is often difficult and dependent upon with this caution, however, there is significant permission from private landowners. Public potential for development of visitor access is only assured on lands in public experiences that emphasize native heritage. ownership, but many of these are small and located at some distance from each other. One Components of such development could of the most effective ways of ensuring public include: access has been to link these public lands • Known archaeological sites accessible from together by means of trails. These trails follow the Island Highway and the shoreline (e.g. watercourses, such as the Englishman River, at low tide);

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 35

• Known archaeological sites accessible within agency education and interpretation program publicly-owned parks and reserves; and, on themes related to forest management and environmental conservation. Public • Potential sites inland, including cave archaeology programmes are another venue complexes, early settlements on former sea for visitor involvement. Opportunities for shorelines, and alpine sites. visitors to observe and even participate in such If packaged as part of guided or self-guided research-based programmes could be made tours, or as part of hands-on archaeological available, both in the field and at the digs (e.g. Public Archaeology programs), these interpretive centre. resources could provide a significant new 3.4.5 dimension to displays and programs offered at Biographies of Important Local both the interpretive centre and the satellite People sites. The area has had many colourful characters 3.4.4 Research Partnerships associated with key phases of its development. Since much of the physical evidence of these Providing opportunities for in-depth learning early days is gone, visitors can perhaps gain vacations is another component of tourism better insights into area history by learning development in this area. The establishment of about the lives of these early settlers and by the Biosphere Reserve, as well as such smaller seeing the evolution of local communities into segments as the Provincial Parks and Wildlife the present day. Several individuals and Management Area, give a ready context for families were instrumental in developing these ongoing scientific research. Some of this is communities and their stories are full of already underway via government agencies drama. and educational institutions, and more is possible. For example, Malaspina University- Suggested storylines emerging from these College has started a horticultural research histories include: programme at Milner Gardens and Woodland, • Lost Tribes and Ongoing Traditions (e.g. the Pacific Salmon Foundation is active on the Chief Recalma-Clutesi, current Englishman River, and Moorecroft Camp has a representative of the Pentlachs and the long tradition of inviting researchers to Qualicum band); provide instructional programmes for • Pioneering Families (e.g. Hirsts, Parks, campers. In addition, BC Parks has proposed Craigs, Raths and Kinkades); an ambitious long-term research project on old growth forests centred in MacMillan Park. They see this research as a catalyst for a multi- page 36 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • Visionary Entrepreneurs (e.g. Noel Money, Misses Philpot and Foster, the Harrisons, the Monks); • Country Gentry (e.g. the Milners, General McCrae); • Remittance Men and Bush Men (e.g. Leonard Manley, George Tranfield, Guiseppe Roat); • Social Idealists (e.g. Major Coombs, Michael Verigin, Gertrude Moore); • Model Settlers (e.g. typical families and individuals who responded to the Vancouver Fruit Lands Co. advertisements); and, • New Retirees (e.g. a cross-section of people who have retired here in the last 25 years).

Sufficient information exists in local histories to provide at least a summary biography in each case: more could be found with targeted examination of archives and personal documents. The stories suggested above could be told in exhibits and displays at the interpretive centre: they also lend themselves to dramatization as part of daily programming and special events. There are also many opportunities to develop guided and self- guided tours of the sites associated with some of the historical characters.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 37

Parksville ocean front at sunrise page 38 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 4. Sites Assessment Exhibit 4-1: Environmental Interpretive Centre Site Assessment Criteria Criteria Rating 0 Not currently available for use or purchase Availability -- is the site, or could the site, be 1 Privately owned, listed for sale 4.1 available for acquisition? 2 Publicly owned, but not by City of Parksville Site Assessment Criteria 3 Publicly owned by City of Parksville 0 less than 2 acres in total size Size -- Is the site of sufficient size and shape to 1 2-5 acres in total size, but shape awkward The Pre-feasibility Study identified a set of site accommodate the centre and related structures? 2 2-5 acres in total size, suitable shape assessment criteria for use in evaluating 3 over 5 acres in size Cost -- Can the site be made available at no cost or 0 private land in high price location potential VIBC sites. Each of the 13 criteria 1 private land in moderate price location with sufficiently flexible terms to make the venture describes a “required” or “desirable” site 2 private land in low price location viable? characteristic, implying a two-level 3 public land 0 no access at this time assessment. Sites that lacked any of the Access -- How easy is it to access the site by vehicle, 1 vehicle & pedestrian access limited “required” characteristics would be essentially walking, etc.? 2 vehicle access good; pedestrian limited 3 vehicle & pedestrian access good eliminated from further consideration under 0 not visible from any travel routes the “desirable” characteristics. 1 limited visibility from any travel routes Visibility -- Can the site be seen from travel routes? 2 good visibility from secondary travel routes To allow for mostly objective application of 3 good visibility from primary travel routes Proximity to Resources -- How close is it to the key 0 not close to any heritage resources 1 some heritage resources near by the criteria to potential sites, and to facilitate natural and cultural heritage resources that are being 2 some heritage resources on site ranking of qualifying sites (those that interpreted? 3 key heritage resources on site demonstrated all of the “required” 0 no important characteristics characteristics) from most attractive to least Market Preference -- What site characteristics are of 1 minimal important characteristics importance to both resident and tourist markets? 2 some important characteristics attractive, a 4 point rating scale for each of the 3 many important characteristics 13 criteria was developed, and is illustrated in Zoning -- Is the property suitably zoned or could it be 0 Not suitably zoned -- rezoning unlikely 1 Not suitably zoned -- rezoning possible Exhibit 4-1. The key features of the rating scale rezoned under the applicable official community plan 2 Not suitabley zoned -- rezoning easy and zoning by-law? include: 3 Suitably zoned 0 Significant topography issues • A “0” score for any criterion indicates that a Topography -- How will the terrain, slope and aspect 1 Some topography issues particular characteristic is not present. affect the desing and buildability of the centre? 2 Minimal topography issues 3 Ideal topography • Potential sites that were assigned a “0” score 0 No services at or near site Availability of Services -- Are utilities available at or 1 No services at site, some nearby for any of the three “required” criteria – near the site? 2 Some services at site, others nearby availability, size, or cost – were eliminated 3 All services at site from further consideration. Proximity to Other Traffic Generators -- What is 0 Not close to any traffic generators 1 Minimal traffic generators nearby the proximity to other commercial facilities or public 2 Some traffic generators nearby • Scores of 1, 2 and 3 were assigned to amenities? 3 Many traffic generators nearby indicate a site’s strength with respect to the 0 Serious conflicts on adjacent properties “required” and “desirable” characteristics. Neighbouring Property -- What kind of uses or 1 Some conflicts on adjacent properties activities take place on land adjacent to the site? 2 No conflicts on adjacent properties This allows a total score to be awarded by 3 Complementary uses on adjacent properties 0 Significant parking issues

Parking -- Is there suitable vehicle parking (including 1 Manythe parking issues, some serious Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report cars, RV's, and buses)? 2 Some Tourism parking Companyissues, not serious page 39 3 No parking issues

summing criteria scores, with higher scores • Site J: Public Land indicating more attractive sites, and lower • Site K: Craig Creek scores less attractive sites. The theoretical maximum score that a site could achieve • Site L: JACO Lands would be 39 (13 x 3). These sites were chosen on the basis of their As much as possible scores for each criterion location within the municipal boundaries of were awarded to individual sites on the basis the City of Parksville, and the fact that they of objective data or information. However, were publicly owned (municipally or inevitably an element of subjectivity is present provincially), or if privately owned, thought to in this type of assessment procedure. Review be available for purchase (whether or not they and comment from participants in the Concept are currently listed for sale). Development Workshop was used to validate the scores and reduce the potential for bias to Exhibit 4-2 illustrates the location of the be introduced through subjectivity. potential sites.

4.2 Potential Sites

At the Project Start-Up Meeting with the Project Steering Committee, the consultants were provided with a list of 12 potential sites for assessment, including: • Site A: Parksville Community Park Zone • Site B: Surfside RV Park • Site C: Golden Dawn Mobile Home Park • Site D: 703 Turner Road • Site E: Big Tent RV Park • Site F: Rathtrevor Park • Site G: PCI Lands • Site H: Bruce McLay Property • Site I: Park Sands RV Park page 40 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report

Exhibit 4-2: Potential Sites Location Map

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 41 interpretive centre structure and the parking 4.3 Application of Site Assessment requirements. Criteria The remaining 8 sites ranged in score from a low of 22.5 (2 sites) to a high of 37.5. Exhibits 4-3 through 4-14 illustrate the application of the site assessment criteria to Of these remaining 8: each of the 12 candidate sites, while Exhibit 4- • Six sites achieved similar scores, ranging 15 provides a summary and compares the between 22.5 and 23.5, which is less than scores awarded to each of the candidate sites. 66% of the maximum achievable score and As illustrated, 4 sites were eliminated as the indicates a number of inherent weaknesses result of scoring at least one “0” on the or no outstanding characteristics, or both. required criteria. These included: • Five sites scored the lowest possible score • Site B: Surfside RV Park – could not be (without being eliminated) on at least one of independently confirmed that a portion of the “required” criteria, thereby identifying the site is currently available for sale; in the at least one serious inherent weakness. event that all or a portion of the site is As a result, only two sites – Parksville available, or becomes available for purchase, Community Park Zone, and Rathtrevor Park -- it is assumed that the cost of purchase emerged as strong contenders. would be prohibitive for this project given the prime waterfront nature of this site. • Site D: 703 Turner Road – size of the parcel is too small to accommodate even a modest interpretive centre structure and the parking requirements. • Site I: Park Sands RV Park – it is assumed that the cost of purchase of this site would also be prohibitive for the project given the prime location of this site adjacent to the Island Highway and its commercial zoning. • Site J: Public Land -- size of the parcel is too small to accommodate even a modest

page 42 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report

Exhibit 4-3 Site A: Community Park Zone Criteria Score Comments General Description Within the Park old Community Hall scheduled for demolition

Availability 3 Size 3 43.25 acres in total size Cost 3 Sub Total 9 Access 3 Visibility 2 Not visible from bypass Proximity to Resources 2.5 beach on site; Englishman River estuary very close Market Preference 3 established outdoor activity area for residents and tourists Zoning 3 P-1 public institutional Topography 3 table land Availability of Services 3 Proximity to Other Traffic Generators 3 beach, central business/commercial district, tourist accommodation, hospitality Neighbouring Property 3 tourist accommodation Parking 3 maybe sufficient existing, unused parking at arena Total Score 37.5 maximum possible score is 39

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 43

Exhibit 4-4 Site B: Surfside RV Park Criteria Score Comments General Description considering approximately 18 acres at the south end of the property

Availability 0 not currently listed for sale Size 3 Cost 0 expected to be very high given prime waterfront location, exisitng business Sub Total 3 eliminated due to availability and anticipated cost Access n/a Visibility n/a Proximity to Resources n/a Market Preference n/a Zoning n/a Topography n/a Availability of Services n/a Proximity to Other Traffic Generators n/a Neighbouring Property n/a Parkig n/a Total Score n/a eliminated due to availability and anticipated cost

page 44 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report

Exhibit 4-5 Site C: Golden Dawn Mobile Home Park Criteria Score Comments General Description

Availability 1 Size 1 two parcels totalling 4.39 acres Cost 1 Sub Total 3 Access 3 Visibility 1 Proximity to Resources 1 Market Preference 0 Zoning 1.5 MH 1 Manufactured Home Residential Topography 3 Availability of Services 3 Proximity to Other Traffic Generators 3 beach, central business/commercial district, tourist accommodation, hospitality Neighbouring Property 3 community park, tourist accommodation Parking 1.5 site size could create parking issues if centre is large Total Score 23

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 45

Exhibit 4-6 Site D: 703 Turner Road Criteria Score Comments General Description bounded by Tulip Ave; at intersection of Turner and Martindale

Availability 3 Size 0 1.43 acres Cost 3 Sub Total 6 eliminated due to size Access n/a Visibility n/a Proximity to Resources n/a Market Preference n/a Zoning n/a Topography n/a Availability of Services n/a Proximity to Other Traffic Generators n/a Neighbouring Property n/a Parking n/a Total Score n/a eliminated due to size

page 46 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report

Exhibit 4-7 Site E: Big Tent RV Park Criteria Score Comments General Description frontage on Island Highway; bounded by Englishman River to the east

Availability 1 Size 1 4.27 acres Cost 1 Sub Total 3 Access 2 busy highway issue for pedestrian access Visibility 2.5 not visible from by-pass Proximity to Resources 2 adjacent to Englishman River Market Preference 1 Englishman River Zoning 2 CS 2 Tourist Commercial Topography 3 Availability of Services 3 Proximity to Other Traffic Generators 1 on Island Highway; Rathtrevor Park nearby Neighbouring Property 2 Parking 1.5 site size could create parking issues if centre is large Total Score 23

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 47

Exhibit 4-8 Site F: Rathtrevor Park Criteria Score Comments General Description area around old interpretive shelter may be suitable

Availability 2 would need to negotiate use agreement with Province Size 3 total site is 240 acres Cost 2.5 lease payment may be required Sub Total 7.5 Access 2.5 busy highway issue for pedestrian access; trail link possible to Community Park Visibility 2.5 not visible from by-pass Proximity to Resources 3 Market Preference 3 beach, camping, outdoor activities Zoning 2 RC1Z -- Outdoor Recreation (RDZ); generally does not allow large built structures Topography 3 Availability of Services 3 Proximity to Other Traffic Generators 3 Park itself is a major traffic generator Neighbouring Property 3 Parking 1 parking constraints now in peak season Total Score 33.5

page 48 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report

Exhibit 4-9 Site G: PCI Lands Criteria Score Comments General Description at Despard Avenue and Greig Road

Availability 1 Size 3 137.86 acres Cost 2 Sub Total 6 Access 2 industrial area, remote from residential areas; no sidewalks Visibility 1 southern edge of property could be visible from by-pass Proximity to Resources 2 Englishman River runs along western boundary Market Preference 1 existing official and "unofficial" trail network currently on site Zoning 1.5 A 1 -- agricultural Topography 2 substantial table land; 50% of area is flood plain Availability of Services 1 site not currently serviced, but in serviced area Proximity to Other Traffic Generators 2 trail link from south end of property to Top Bridge Park Neighbouring Property 2 Parking 3 Total Score 23.5

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 49

Exhibit 4-10 Site H: Bruce McLay Property Criteria Score Comments General Description on Chattell Road adjacent to Top Bridge Park

Availability 1 Size 3 10.95 acres Cost 1 Sub Total 5 Access 2 location and proximity to by-pass difficult for pedestrians; trail link along river possible Visibility 3 visible from by-pass and Island Highway Proximity to Resources 1 Englishman River and Top Bridge Park nearby Market Preference 0 Zoning 1.5 A 1 -- agricultural Topography 2 substantial table land Availability of Services 0.5 water and sewer would need to cross by-pass Proximity to Other Traffic Generators 2 adjacent to Top Bridge Park and by-pass Neighbouring Property 2.5 Top Bridge complementary; by-pass does not provide conflicts Parking 3 Total Score 22.5

page 50 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report

Exhibit 4-11 Site I: Park Sands RV Park Criteria Score Comments General Description

Availability 1 Size 3 6.87 acres Cost 0 Sub Total 4 eliminated due to anticipated cost Access n/a Visibility n/a Proximity to Resources n/a Market Preference n/a Zoning n/a Topography n/a Availability of Services n/a Proximity to Other Traffic Generators n/a Neighbouring Property n/a Parking n/a Total Score n/a eliminated due to anticipated cost

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 51

Exhibit 4-12 Site J: Adjacent to Parksville Beach Motel Criteria Score Comments General Description narrow strip of land running parallel and adjacent to street

Availability 3 Size 0 approximately 1 acre Cost 3 Sub Total 6 eliminated due to small size Access n/a Visibility n/a Proximity to Resources n/a Market Preference n/a Zoning n/a Topography n/a Availability of Services n/a Proximity to Other Traffic Generators n/a Neighbouring Property n/a Parking n/a Total Score n/a eliminated due to small size

page 52 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report

Exhibit 4-13 Site K: Craig Creek Site Criteria Score Comments General Description extreme south east corner of Town; frontage on Northwest Bay Road

Availability 3 Size 3 6.89 acres Cost 3 Sub Total 9 Access 2 long distance from residential concentrations; no sidewalks Visibility 2.5 not visible from by-pass Proximity to Resources 1 Craig Bay to the south Market Preference 1 watercourse along western boundary Zoning 0 CD11 -- public recreation open space (RDN) Topography 0 hilly, heavily treed site; catchment area for Craig Creek Availability of Services 2 water to site (RDN), but not sewer Proximity to Other Traffic Generators 1 Neighbouring Property 1 mostly residential area Parking 3 Total Score 22.5

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 53

Exhibit 4-14 Site L: JACO Arch. Lands Ltd. Criteria Score Comments General Description on Despard Ave between Industrial Way and Island Highway

Availability 1 Size 2 2.55 acres Cost 0.5 Sub Total 3.5 Access 2 Visibility 2.5 not visible from by-pass Proximity to Resources 1 Rathtrevor Park and Craig Bay to the north Market Preference 0 Zoning 2.5 CM2J -- recreation facilities (RDN) Topography 3 Availability of Services 3 Proximity to Other Traffic Generators 2 Tourist information centre, Rathtrevor Park Neighbouring Property 2 Parking 1.5 small site size could pose parking problems if centre is large Total Score 23

page 54 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report Exhibit 4-15 Summary of Site Assessments A: Community Zone Park F: Rathtrevor Park PCI Lands G: Dawn Golden C: E: Big Tent L: JACO BruceH: McLay Property K: Craig Creek Sufside B: 703 TurnerD: Road Sands Park I: Public J: Land Availability 321111130313 Size 333112333030 Cost 32.52110.5130303 Sub Total97.56333.5593646 Access 32.5232222n/an/an/an/a Visibility 2 2.5 1 1 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 n/a n/a n/a n/a Proximity to Resources 2.5 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a Market Preference 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a Zoning 3 2 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 1.5 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a Topography 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a Availability of Services 3 3 1 3 3 3 0.5 2 n/a n/a n/a n/a Proximity to Other Traffic Gen. 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a Neighbouring Property 3 3 2 3 2 2 2.5 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a Parking 3 1 3 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 n/a n/a n/a n/a Total Score 37.5 33.5 23.5 23 23 23 22.5 22.5 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 55 the planning process advances. It was 4.4 Recommended Site – Community suggested, during the Concept Development Park Zone Workshop, that there exists a vocal segment of Parksville population who in the past have publicly stated their opposition to any The recommended site for development of the additional development in the Park. proposed VIBC is the Community Park Zone with a score of 37.5 of a maximum 39. At the same time, choosing to locate the Participants attending the Concept facility in the Community Park Zone may in Development Workshop validated its assigned fact provide additional benefits or scores, which included high scores on almost opportunities beyond the economic all criteria. Only “visibility” (2) and development objectives of the project. “proximity to resources” (2.5) were scored less than 3. The process of selecting the most appropriate facility location within the zone would best be There are however existing or potential issues accomplished within a process of preparing a to be considered in locating the proposed re-development Master Plan for the VIBC in the Community Park Zone. These Community Park. This type of planning include: process has the potential to identify and • It will be necessary to identify where in the respond to specific concerns of residents zone to locate the VIBC facility to ensure opposed to additional development within the existing community and visitor (tourist) Park. In fact, through a park Master Plan uses of the park are not impaired. existing uses may be better accommodated, while current unmet needs could be effectively • There may be inherent seismic addressed. issues/limitations with the zone that could influence/restrict facility location. During 4.4.1 “Enlarged Community Park Zone” the Concept Development Workshop, it Option was suggested that numerous studies of the zone have been completed in the past and The primary unique advantages of the that there should be sufficient existing Community Park Zone – such as proximity to information and data to determine the resources, market preference, proximity to extent of this issue/limitation. other traffic generators – could also be realized • Strong opposition by community members by locating the proposed VIBC facility within to locating the VIBC facility in the an enlarged Community Park Zone. Community Park may exist and emerge as page 56 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report An enlarged zone could include a total of 5 4.5 Functional Site Relationships parcels – the Community Park Zone, Surfside RV Park, Golden Dawn Mobile Home Park, Exhibits 4-16, 4-17, and 4-18 illustrate three Park Sands RV Park, and Public Land. This options for the development of functional cluster of sites represents a potential relationships within the existing Community opportunity for redevelopment of a substantial Park Zone and an enlarged Community Park and high profile section of the Parksville Zone. oceanfront. 4.5.1 Surfside RV Park, had it not been eliminated No Land Acquisition Option due to availability and cost, could be expected (Exhibit 4-16) to score as high as the Community Park Zone. This option is based on the assumption that As an option, consideration should be given to the proposed VIBC would be developed exploring the potential for negotiations with within the existing Parksville Community the owners of Surfside to acquire the property Park Zone, without the acquisition of any as City land in exchange for a parcel of City additional adjacent lands. Its key features owned land elsewhere in Parksville. This may include: have the added benefit of resolving a long standing land use planning dispute. • VIBC facility located in the northern section of the Park, between the shoreline and the Certainly there are many issues that could existing skateboard facility, in an area that is derail this type of approach, but at the same currently a large open sand flat; time many potential benefits for the City, its • Prominent views in an approximately 120 residents and visitors, especially given the degree arc to from the north northeast to the recent tabling of the private sector Island Hall southwest, featuring the Englishman River redevelopment project. In fact, were the City Estuary, Georgia Strait including some of to take the lead with development of the VIBC the near Gulf Islands, Parksville Beach, and on a portion of Surfside RV park lands, there Mount Arrowsmith; may be private sector partners willing to acquire the other candidate sites within the • Walking/pedestrian trail links to the enlarged zone and undertake complementary Parksville beach and boardwalk, arboretum, tourism/recreation type redevelopment. and Englishman River Estuary; also pedestrian link to Parksville downtown; and, • Sharing of existing parking area with the Parksville Curling Rink (former arena);

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 57

also, use of existing community hall site (once building is demolished) for parking.

Exhibit 4-16

page 58 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • Siting of the VIBC facility on the Surfside RV 4.5.2 Land Acquisition Option A (Exhibit Park land at the north eastern edge, adjacent 4-17) to and overlooking the Englishman River Estuary; In this option, the Community Park Zone is enlarged with the acquisition of a southern • Pedestrian link from existing Community portion of Surfside RV Park as well as the Park to estuary across the southern portion Golden Dawn Mobile Home Park. Essentially, of Surfside land; and, this is a partial use of the “Enlarged • Use of Golden Dawn site for retail related to Community Park Zone” as described in VIBC themes and programs, to provide an section 3.4.1, above. Its key features include: enhanced pedestrian link to Parksville • Siting of the VIBC facility in the Community downtown, and as additional on-site Park as described in section 4.5.1, above; outdoor programming space. • Use of the land acquired from Surfside RV In both land acquisition options it is unlikely park to provide unfettered access to the that existing buildings on acquired sites would Englishman River estuary, and as addition be used, with the possible exception of the on-site outdoor programming space; and, Surfside RV Park reception centre. This • Use of the Golden Dawn Mobile Home Park building may have value as a satellite facility site for private sector development of new for on-site programming. retail related to VIBC themes and programs, to provide an enhanced pedestrian link to Parksville downtown, and as additional on- site outdoor programming space.

4.5.3 Land Acquisition Option B (Exhbit 4- 18)

This represents a more complete implementation of the “Enlarged Community Park Zone” as a result of the acquisition of the entire Surfside RV Park site. Its key features include:

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 59

Exhibit 4-17

page 60 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report Exhibit 4-18

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 61

Milner Gardens & Woodland page 62 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 5. Development Concept 79,800 visitors from outside of the Greater Parksville/Qualicum Beach area

The Pre-Feasibility Study provided a This initial vision has been further refined preliminary description of the proposed VIBC, through a more detailed analysis of heritage based primarily on the vision expressed by the resources leading to recommended Interpretive Centre Industrial Adjustment interpretive themes and stories (Section 3), and Service Committee (acting as Project Steering the identification of a recommended site Committee for this phase): (Parksville Community Park Zone). Assessment of expected visitor types and their “The basic configuration of the Centre can be stated anticipated needs/expectations is the final as a built structure housing exhibits and providing element in the process of refining the opportunities to explore surrounding ecosystems, development concept. natural features and human connection to the environment via connections to trail systems, visuals, tours, provision of interpreters, etc. 5.1 Visitor Types Within this basic structure, a variety of topics can be addressed and a number of stories can be told.”1 The VIBC can expect to attract various types of visitors, both tourists and local residents who Furthermore, the Pre-feasibility Study differ in their origin/travel characteristics, identified additional aspects of the VIBC that demographics, party composition, and length were considered to be desirable: of visit. Eleven visitor types have been • “World Class” in nature – a high quality identified. facility that will acquire an international reputation and perhaps an international 5.1.1 Tourists designation; high “wow factor” in terms of visual impression or memory created Tourists are existing and potential (not currently visiting) visitors to Parksville from • Up to 15,000 square feet in size, but not less outside of the greater Parksville/Qualicum than 5,000 square feet Beach area. Eight sub-groups of tourists who • Potential total annual visitation (stabilized could be attracted to the VIBC were identified. operation) of 116, 400, including as many as Auto Touring Tourists

1 Pg. 6, Environmental Interpretive Centre Pre-feasibility • On day trip and longer touring excursions of Study, Economic Planning Group of Canada and Lanarc Vancouver Island; Consultants Ltd, April 2003

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 63

• If off Island residents, likely arriving on the • Staying in RV parks/campgrounds, motels, Island by ferry at Nanaimo; hotels and B&B; • Staying 1-2 nights in hotels, motels, B&B; • Young families, middle-aged and senior couples; and, • Some young families, some middle-aged and senior couples; and, • Visits to the VIBC ranging from 1 hour to full day (influenced to some extent by • Visits to the VIBC of 1 hour to full day, year weather), mostly in the mid-June through round, with highest concentration in May mid-September period. through October period.

Escorted Group Tours Learning Vacation • Typically 1 to 2 week stays in Parksville – • On day trip and multi-day excursions of key travel motivator is subject and quality of Vancouver Island, including Brant Festival learning programs offered; tours in March and April; • Both off Island and on Island visitors; off • Almost all off Island visitors, with Island visitors mostly arriving by ferry at combination of ferry arrivals at Nanaimo Nanaimo; and overland from Victoria; • Staying in RV parks/campgrounds, motels, • Staying 1 night (at most) in hotels; hotels and B&B multi-day to multi-week • Primarily middle-aged and senior couples stays in Parksville; and singles; and, • Mostly middle-aged and senior couples and • Visits to the VIBC of 1-3 hours, year round, singles; and, with highest concentration in May through • Multiple day visits of 2-3 hours as part of October period. programmed “course” activity, mostly in the spring, fall and winter. Beach Vacation Tourists • On multi-day/multi-week stays at or near School Groups beach in greater Parksville/Qualicum Beach • on field-trips for curriculum-based area, primarily Parksville and Qualicum programs; Beach; • from both off Island and on Island schools; • Mostly off Island visitors, with combination arriving in school buses from up to 3 hours of ferry arrivals at Nanaimo and overland away; from Victoria; page 64 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • on day trips; • Mostly day trips but occasionally overnight for multi-day events; overnighters staying in • elementary and secondary school aged hotels, motels and B&B; students plus adult teachers and chaperones; and, • Members/employees of businesses, government, non-governmental • primarily half day visits to VIBC during organizations and community groups; and, school year. • Half day to full day to multi-day visits Post Secondary Students typically in the October through April period. • Enrolled in post-secondary education programs such as tourism, natural resources, heritage interpretation; Virtual Tourists • Persons accessing VIBC resource materials • From both off Island and on Island, arriving that could be made available on-line. at the VIBC on foot, bicycle and by automobile; 5.1.2 Residents • Likely to be temporary residents in the community for up to 4 months (one Year Round Residents semester) or longer; • Live year round in greater • Students of post-secondary institutions that Parksville/Qualicum Beach area; partner with VIBC to offer particular courses • or offer work term experience, especially Arrive at VIBC by walking, cycling, Malaspina University-College; and, automobiles; • • Length of time at VIBC could vary from an Full range of life stage, from young couples hour to full day, for many days during a and singles to senior couples and singles; four month period. and, • Visits ranging from 1 hour to half-days. Workshop/Seminar/Conference Attendees • Attending environmental subject matter Seasonal Residents seminars, workshop and conferences hosted • Live for part of year in condominiums, time and/or sponsored by the VIBC; shares, beach houses, etc.; • From both off Island and on Island; arriving • Arrive at site by walking, cycling, by private automobile; automobile;

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 65

• Mostly middle-aged and senior couples; visitors captured in visits of between 1 hour and, and half a day. A Substantial yet smaller proportion of visitors will be seeking • Visits ranging from 1 hour to half-days. experiences of up to a full day in length. This suggests that the VIBC development concept School Groups must provide the widest range of experiences • On field-trips for curriculum-based to fit a 1- hour to half day visit window, while programs; also offering full day experience opportunities. • from Greater Parksville/Qualicum Beach area; arriving in school buses from up to 1 hour away; • On day trips; • Elementary and Secondary school aged students plus adult teachers and chaperones; and, • half day and full day visits to VIBC during school year.

5.2 Visitor Rainbow

Exhibit 5-1 illustrates the expected visitor rainbow for the proposed VIBC. Visitor rainbow is a visitor experience planning concept based on the observation that visitors to heritage attractions, including interpretive centres, differ in the length of time and level (depth) of engagement sought. Successful attractions offer visitor experiences to respond to the needs of the visitors comprising their rainbow.

As illustrated in Exhibit 5-1, VIBC’s rainbow peaks at the 2 hour visit point, with almost all page 66 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report Exhibit 5-1: Visitor Rainbow

20% School Groups

Workshop/Seminar/Conference 15% Post Secondary Students

Learning Vacation Tourists 10% Group Tours

Year Round & Seasonal Residents

5% Beach Vacation Tourists

Auto Touring Tourists

0%

< 1 hour 1 hour 2 hours half day full day >1 day

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 67 Concept B 5.3 Potential Development Concepts • Rathtrevor Park site; • A built facility of approximately 13,300 Building on the vision articulated in the Pre- square feet with all of the spaces(most Feasibility Study, and based on the results of smaller in size) of Concept A except the the heritage resource assessment, site research library; assessment, and analysis of visitor types and expected visitor rainbow, three potential • A similar range of on-site programs and development concepts were prepared for events to Concept A but without week long review and discussion at the Concept programs; Development Workshop. Please refer to the • Offsite programs and events the same as Concept Development Workshop Report for a Concept A; full description of each concept. • Estimated capital development cost of approximately $7.65 million not including Concept A any costs for land acquisition; and, • Parksville Community Park Zone site; • Targeted annual attendance of • A built facility of approximately 16,600 approximately 100,000. square feet, including exhibit area, auditorium, reception area, indoor program Concept C space, laboratory, research library, retail • Either PCI or McLay Property site; space, food & beverage service, and administrative offices; • A built facility of approximately 12, 000 square feet with all of the spaces (many • Range of on-site programs and events smaller in size) of Concept B except the ranging from 1-2 hours to 1 week in laboratory; duration; • A range of on-site programs and events less • Offsite programs and events; than that offered by Concepts A and B; • Estimated capital development cost of • More offsite programs and events than approximately $9.6 million not including Concepts A and B; any costs for land acquisition; and, • Estimated capital development cost of • Targeted annual attendance of approximately $6.9 million not including approximately 120,000. any costs for land acquisition; and,

page 68 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • Targeted annual attendance of attraction the current level of use is such as to approximately 65,000. make it difficult to accommodate an additional 100,000 visitors on site given that most would These three concepts represent a range of be visiting during the May to October period scope and scale of facilities matching the best when the Park is busiest. There is some doubt, site with the most grand concept and the less also, as to the likelihood of the Province attractive sites with more modest concepts, agreeing to develop the proposed built facility while matching on-site and offsite within the Park. Finally, although vehicle programming and events with the access is relatively easy Rathtrevor Park is characteristics of the sites. located on the eastern edge of Parksville away from the central business district and the main Concept A describes a VIBC that is the most concentration of tourist accommodation. likely to attain world class status for its built facility, programs and events, and site Concept C is unlikely to achieve world class features. It has the advantage of no land status given the reduced facility size, features acquisition costs and a site that offers and amenities, and the “unspectacular” immediate access to key biosphere natural character of the sites. The sites are located heritage features including the Georgia Strait, some distance from Parksville’s central Parksville Beach and Englishman River business district and generally in locations that Estuary. By carefully siting the built facility, are not currently considered tourist attractions attractive views of much of Georgia Strait and (with the possible exception of the McLay Mount Arrowsmith can be provided. In property which is adjacent to Top Bridge addition, the site’s location is already a Municipal Park). primary attraction for visitors to Parksville and is advantageously located relative to 5.4 tourist accommodation and Parksville’s Preferred Development Concept central business district. Participants at the Concept Development Concept B offers the potential for strong Workshop were unanimous in their support of programs and events, and attractive site Concept A as the preferred development features. Rathtrevor Park offers immediate concept. This is consistent with the opinion of access to key elements of the biosphere’s the consulting team which believes that natural heritage except Englishman River neither Concept B nor Concept C have the Estuary. A view of Mount Arrowsmith, potential to achieve world class status. however, is not possible from the site. Although the Park is a primary tourist

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 69

It is possible that the smaller built facility • Interpret the role of species in the MABR, for described in Concept B would provide a example migration routes, pacific flyway, strong attraction if located in the “Enlarged exotic species (introduced vs. native), inland Community Park Zone” given the ungulates such as deer and elk, Vancouver attractiveness of the site(s). Island marmot (threatened species); • Interpret hydrology in the MABR, for The recommended components of Concept A, example aquifers, water flow features, incorporating comments and suggestions geological climate history, rivers and received from the Concept Development tributaries, water quality, strata Workshop participants is described following. formations/core samples; 5.4.1 Facility Size & Configuration • Interpret air quality in the MABR; • Approx. 13,300 net sq.ft.; • Interpret cultural heritage in the MABR, for • Approx. 16,625 gross sq.ft. allowing 20% for example natural heating with wood and circulation, walls, etc.; coal, E&N land grant, urbanization and land use, protected areas, demographics, • Built on two levels with roof top observation changing economies over time; area/observatory; • Offer real time video experience of wildlife • Should use local materials and sustainable activities and remote MABR sites – birds, technologies to demonstrate concept of salmon, alpine, oceanic; sustainability; and, • Permanent exhibit area of approx. 4,000 • Building should be an attraction itself. sq.ft. with mix of --

5.4.2 Exhibit Area 9 Interpretive panels and photographs; • Show what you can’t easily see outside 9 Dioramas/models; while encouraging visitors to learn more 9 Artifacts; about the MABR; virtual diving experience; 9 Interactive/hands-on displays; and, • Multi-dimensional visual tour of MABR 9 Interactive, hi-tech displays. natural science/culture; • Temporary exhibit area of approx. 1,500 • MABR climatic displays focusing on sq.ft; mix relevant traveling exhibits biogeoclimatic zones, western hemlock, (provincial, national, international), displays mountain hemlock, regeneration of trees of biosphere sites and attractions, and due to climate/soils;

page 70 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report community-based environmental initiatives • Fully equipped natural science laboratory displays. for demonstrations and programs.

5.4.3 Auditorium 5.4.7 Research Library • Approx. 1,600 sq.ft.; and, • Approx. 1,000 sq.ft.; and, • 90-seat auditorium to accommodate • Documents/books/reports on shelves as seminars, lectures, and audio/visual well as computer terminals for on-line productions. research.

5.4.4 Reception Area 5.4.8 Retail • Approx. 2,000 sq.ft.; and, • Approx. 500 sq.ft; and, • Admission/information desk and large • Souvenir type items. open area of up to 1,000 sq.ft to accommodate groups; group sized, 5.4.9 Food & Beverage accessible public washrooms of • Approx. 500 sq.ft.; and, approximately 500 sq.ft. each. • Limited menu/snack type items, beverages 5.4.5 Indoor Program Space – possibly leased to fast food brand; 25-30 seats inside plus access to outside picnic • Approx. 1,000 sq.ft.; area for up to 100. • Classroom/meeting room type space to accommodate up to 100 people sitting at 5.4.10 Administrative Offices movable desks/counters; temporary • Approx. 1,000 sq.ft.; dividers to allow breakout into 2-3 rooms; and, • 2 private offices of 150 sq.ft.; • Hands-on demonstration and participation • general office area of 500 sq.ft.; and, in heritage arts, crafts, technologies, • volunteer office area of 200 sq.ft. including First Nations for both children and adults. 5.4.11 On-Site Programs & Events

5.4.6 Laboratory • Include full use of VIBC site assets, for example water-based observatory, whole • Approx. 200 sq.ft.; and, park and foreshore; provide opportunities

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 71

for marine experience on the water such as 5.4.12 Offsite-Programs & Events arrival via water directly or indirectly; • Create an eco-cultural highway within • Emphasize the MABR estuarine/foreshore MABR with mapped sites to “connect the experience; dots” for visitors; • Interpret First Nations experiences with • Half and full day guided group tours to cedar, salmon; offer hands on recreational selected natural and cultural heritage sites opportunities/experiences related to First within the biosphere; 1-2 days per week; Nations culture such as canoe building, and, carving, living off land/in harmony with the • Maps and guidebooks for self-guided tours land, seasonal movements, local bands – of full range of natural and cultural heritage where they lived, how they communicated; sites within the biosphere. • Natural heritage/ environment discovery type programs of 1-2 hours in length using 5.4.13 Estimated Development Cost indoor space, lab and on-site environment • Approx. $9.6 million for building, exhibits, including beach, estuary; site development, contingencies and fees; • Sustainable horticulture demonstrations and, • Half-day and full-day curriculum linked • Assume no land cost. school group programs using indoor space/lab and on-site environment; 5.4.14 Operating Season • 30 minute to 1 hour lectures/ • 12 months. demonstrations by natural and cultural heritage “experts”; 5.4.15 Attendance Target • 15 minute, 30 minute and 1 hour audio • Total -- 120,000 (preliminary target from visual presentations in auditorium; Phase I Planning Study) -- highlight the full range of natural and 9 80,000 tourist visits; cultural heritage resources and sites within the biosphere reserve; and, 9 30,000 resident/seasonal resident visits; and, • 1 week, full day science and history day camp during school summer break, March 9 10,000 school group visits. break, Christmas break; full day PA day programs.

page 72 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 5.4.16 Average Length of Stay On- 9 Department of Fisheries and Oceans (to Site make use of programs and resources); • Half day. 9 ecotourism operators; 9 Clayoquot Biosphere/Pacific Rim 5.4.17 Overarching Considerations National Park; • Water as the primary thematic focus for the 9 the new Gulf Islands National Park; and, VIBC – ask the question, “whose water is it?”; 9 MacLean Mill National Historic Site (in Port Alberni). • Scientific emphasis/influence in all VIBC visitor experiences, especially nature, • Create “products” such as outreach technology, land use management; programs, lectures, video that could be exported or sold to generate revenue; and, • In interpretive messages emphasize connectivity/sustainability within the • Minimize use of automobiles – encourage MABR; arrival on foot via trails. • VIBC visitor experience to Illustrate “MABR in motion” – what is it (and it changes)? where do I fit in? what can I do (here and now, when at home)?; walk the talk; • Seek and develop connections with other people and organizations, local and regional, including partnerships with other heritage based institutions such as -- 9 Qualicum Beach Museum; 9 Royal BC Museum; 9 UBC Museum of Anthropology (for sharing exhibits); 9 Comox Valley Palaeontology Museum; 9 Venus-Neptune research program at the University of Victoria;

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 73

Tidal Flats at Parksville Community Park Beach page 74 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 6. Funding Strategy reasonably secure pool of financial resources from which to draw.

In general, effective funding strategies draw 6.1 Funding Options upon four sources for their capital and operating funds: 6.1.1 General Funding Approach • Public Sector – contributions from one or more levels of government (municipal, Funding is a key issue. As noted in the Phase 1 provincial, federal) that are often forgivable report, interpretive centres typically do not but sometimes low/no interest loans or loan make money: whatever revenue they generate guarantees; typically these are contributions will only partially cover operational costs, and toward capital projects, sometimes capital funds must be secured separately. The operating subsidies for a limited period of report also noted that it is usually easier to time, and less often ongoing operating find money to build and fit out the centre than subsidies. it is to find funds to operate it. Development of a business plan is required to assess the level • Fund Raising – as the name indicates, these of financial self-sufficiency that could be are funds that are “raised” through direct expected for the proposed VIBC. appeal for contributions from individuals, organizations and businesses; generally The challenge faced by groups wishing to fund raising is directed to capital projects, develop interpretive centres is thus twofold: and a “giving triangle” approach is taken financing construction and supporting long- (see Section 6.1.2 below). term operation. In response to this challenge, • Commercial Revenues – are funds raised the managers of most successful interpretive through the business operations of centres have adopted a funding formula that interpretive centres, including admissions, brings in money from a variety of sources. program fees, event fees, retail sales, food Rather than depending upon a few sources of and beverage sales, and sometimes support, such as government grants or private consulting services provided to other donations, these organizations have realized organizations/businesses by staff of the that they need a long-term strategy for both interpretive centre; most commercial capital and operational funding. The key to revenues fund operating costs, although it is this strategy lies in identifying a broad range prudent for management to budget for of sources, some of them temporary, some contributions to reserve funds within annual ongoing, but in combination providing a operating budgets.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 75

• In-Kind Contributions – are services and in many ways, from actual donations to goods donated by individuals and volunteer services. organizations that reduce the need for services and goods to be purchased; these Above these layers, the strategy shifts its focus contributions could be capital (building to smaller targets, in this case, corporations, materials, labour, exhibit items/artifacts) or foundations or individuals that could be operating in nature (particularly assistance persuaded to fund special projects. Such in day to day operations provided by projects could include exhibits on a specific volunteers, and partnerships with other topic or a component of the building itself, organizations for joint marketing and such as a meeting room or theatre, or they programming). could even cover a major proportion of the total cost of construction. In most cases, these 6.1.2 “Giving Triangle” will be one-time donations and will entail attaching the donor’s name to the project. The The components of fund raising can be final layer involves charitable donations or thought of in terms of a “giving triangle”. At bequests, again often for special capital the base of this triangle is the broad level of projects but occasionally in the form of an support provided by general membership. endowment from which capital and operating Obviously, the more funds may be drawn over time. Donations and members there are, the bequests require establishment of a charitable Charitable Donations larger this component will foundation. Bequests be, especially since individual memberships 6.1.3 Potential Funding Sources Corporations contribute a small amount Foundations, Individual Donors in each case. A strong The following are potential sources of funding, foundation of members is listed by category (suggested applications of potential support to the interpretive centre Annual Appeal also a way of assuring community support, both in project are noted in brackets). terms of community use of General Membership the centre and in terms of Partnerships political support for its • Milner Gardens and Woodland (marketing, ongoing success. programming); Membership is also an important prerequisite • Malaspina University-College ( staffing and for the next layer of the triangle – the annual services, training); appeal. This campaign is member-supported

page 76 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • First Nations (interpretation and and Skills Development branch (labour stewardship); market, life-long learning, student assistance) with a mandate to work with the • Other museums, especially the Royal BC private sector, NGOs and communities in Museum (exhibits, services); community development and social • Federal and provincial governments (long- economy; pending the next federal budget term research, educational and interpretive and confirmation of any new programs, programming); current programs that could assist are: • International scientific research foundations 9 Labour Market Partnership, for human (long-term research, via UNESCO Biosphere resources planning, at the level of an designation); operational plan for the centre; • Local and regional environmental groups, 9 Job Creation Partnership, for EI worker especially the Pacific Salmon Foundation, upgrades and transition training via job which is active locally and regionally in placements in community projects: can promoting sustainable development and is include any aspect of the project, from spending part of $30 M allocation to study planning through construction to and enhance the Englishman; staffing; • Charitable foundations; 9 Wage Subsidy, cost sharing of EI trainee • Moorecroft Camp (in which university staff wages, over a negotiated time researchers are offering interpretive period (usually 3-8 months); programming); (note: HRDC is no longer funding business • Salvation Army (interpretation, services in planning, thus cannot assist with the next kind); stages of planning for this project) • Media (marketing); and, • new Cabinet Committee on Domestic • Regional municipal government (donation Affairs, mandated to seek an integrated of public land, joint marketing, approach to social, economic and infrastructure and property management environmental policy; services). • general government direction in promoting value-added industries in the resource and Federal Government agriculture sectors; • HRDC: now split into two departments, the • new focus on sustainable economic focus here will be on the Human Resources development, via a new Ministry of State

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 77

(Infrastructure) promoting sustainable federal budget, and potential spin-offs from technologies and integration of sustainable the new Gulf Islands National Park, such as development into federal infrastructure and linkages with the proposed visitor centre other federal programs; (and tie-ins with the related Georgia Basin Ecosystem Initiative). • Cultural Spaces Program: environmental conservation and regeneration; cultural and natural heritage resource interpretation Provincial Government (note: it is not clear whether this program • B.C. Heartlands Economic Strategy: will be administered by Canadian Heritage 9 under Transportation, $26 M has been or Parks Canada, or even whether it will allocated to highways, including continue); Highways 1 and 19 • Community Economic Adjustment (directional/promotional signage); Initiatives for B.C. (Western Economic 9 under Regions, $1.25 M has been Diversification cost-sharing projects): allocated for provincial and regional promoting sustainable development promotion (marketing); through diversification/new economic opportunities; emphasizing cultural and 9 under Forestry, $75 M has been allocated eco-tourism development as well as for worker transition (education and sustainable development practices and training in sustainable development), technologies; current policies that could $40 M for forestry research (BC Parks assist are: ongoing monitoring and research projects in Macmillan Park, for 9 Western Economic Partnership example), showcasing of BC wood Agreement (WEPA): a joint products in Provincially-funded federal/provincial cost-sharing construction (capital), and eco- agreement, spread over five years, and certification programs for industry directed to economic development (research projects/training); projects in BC; tourism-related projects are included, and funding is potentially 9 under Education, $7.5 M has been available for the business planning allocated for regional innovation chairs phase (i.e. projects under $100,000); and, at colleges to find ways of creating new opportunities for social and economic • Parks Canada, now that it is back within the development (research partnership with Environment portfolio there may be new Malaspina University College); programs potentially stemming from an environmental emphasis in the upcoming page 78 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 9 under First Nations, $72 M has been • Land development companies, e.g. Intracorp allocated to create a First Citizens Fund of Craig Bay and Nanoose Bay (capital for for economic development, $40 M has special projects, exhibits); been allocated for an Economic • Regional businesses (e.g. Island-wide dairy Measures fund to promote First Nations or grocery chains: capital for special business development, including projects); tourism, and $95 M has been allocated for forestry projects (research, • Retail sales (revenue from service contracts interpretation, marketing and with operators of in-house shop, café, and demonstration projects in sustainable suppliers of centre-specific products, plant development, partnering with local sales); bands for capital); and, • Office space rental; and, • Trade show/market space rental. Local Government • City of Parksville: potential financial or in- Non-Government kind support includes administrative assistance and small amounts of cost- • Private donors (capital for special projects, sharing funds at the business planning targeted donations for biographical stage; at later stages, services in kind for the interpretive exhibits and programming, in- organizing committee, political lobbying, kind donations of goods and services); and, waiving of development fees and charges, • General public (“Friends of…” organization, provision of land (use of public lands or memberships); access to long-term funding allocated for purchase of waterfront/recreational lands), Events programming/services (provided by the construction of infrastructure (e.g. parking, VIBC) access, services), marketing (via the City website), participation on Board of • Service contracts for existing events (Brant Directors. Festival, sandcastles, lawn bowling, old car meets, mountain bike meets/other wilderness sport events); Private sector involvement • Forestry/other regional, national or • Regional farmer’s markets and commercial international resource-based companies trade shows; (construction capital for special projects, • Conventions/seminars; donated materials and services, exhibits); • Archaeology (public archaeology programs);

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 79

• Interpretive events programming Their anticipated support, combined with (admission charged for events and contributions from the broader population and workshops); and, from area municipalities and corporations, could be sufficient to provide the majority of • Sustainable development services (technical the funds that will be needed to construct and and management consulting advice). operate the interpretive centre.

6.2 Recommended Funding Strategy 6.2.2 Funding Strategy

6.2.1 Overall Approach Step 1: Build the Local Membership Base

There is no easy method of finding the money The first step in securing the required funds is to build this project. Some federal and to establish the “giving triangle” discussed provincial money is potentially available to earlier. In this model, a strong membership fund the business planning stage of the base is augmented by targeted donations for project, and once the business plan is specific project components and by annual completed, the project will be better situated to appeals. Such evidence of local commitment be eligible for funding that may be released in then places the project in a favourable position upcoming federal and provincial budgets. should any future sources of public funds become available. Once a business plan and Just how much money is needed can only be comprehensive funding strategy are determined in the business plan but, in completed, the project’s promoters can advance of such a plan, preliminary estimates actively seek partnerships and pursue one- prepared as part of this study phase indicate time opportunities, such as the 2010 Olympics an approximate capital figure of $9.6 million or gifts/endowments from individual donors. dollars. Our review of existing public sources of funds indicates that there is very little Step 2: Establish a Non-profit Charitable money available for capital or operating Foundation expenses. As a result, projects such as this will have to rely to a great extent on funds raised Part of building a successful membership base from within the local and regional community. is providing a ready destination for donated funds. A non-profit charitable foundation is a Such a potentially daunting prospect is necessary component of the funding strategy diminished in this case because of the because it offers tax-deductions and unusually high number of wealthy retirees establishes the project as a “public good”. who have been attracted to the study area. Finding a good board of directors for the page 80 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report foundation is a key task but, once the board is making the project attractive to potential in place, they become both managers and funders in the public sector. The VIBC project fundraisers in the crucial initial stages of is already special because of the UNESCO development. Ultimately, board members for designation of the Biosphere Reserve, the foundation can advise the centre’s combined with the established “brand professional management on long-term identity” of Vancouver Island. Both of these planning and expenditures. The foundation special qualities should be used to maximum also provides a basis for establishing the advantage in establishing the centre as a high volunteer organization necessary to manage priority project in the eyes of the federal and in-kind donations of time and goods. Being at provincial governments. An emphasis on arm’s length from local government also cultural tourism also provides a niche that to provides flexibility to the organization in its date has not been filled in this part of management and operation. Vancouver Island.

Step 3: Forge Partnerships In the short term, the most promising source of funding for the next study phases is the Parallel to the search for funds is the process of Western Economic Partnership Agreement finding other ways of achieving project goals, (WEPA) program: a business plan can possibly in this case, through partnerships with like- be completed using this program’s funds. minded organizations such as Malaspina Municipal governments will need to commit University- College and Milner Gardens and as much as possible in terms of in-kind Woodland. Opportunities also exist with local services and capital funds. In the mid-term, First Nations bands to forge joint-venture the next federal budget may offer funding for partnerships, such as sharing of capital and this kind of project, and any resulting federal training/development funding. As for programs for job training, economic research partnerships, UNESCO designation development and infrastructure should be makes more likely the sort of links with targeted. leading universities and international research organizations that would bring with them Step 5: Identify Fundable Special Projects long-term financial and educational commitments. Working in the upper levels of the “giving triangle”, the interpretive centre project should Step 4: Access Available Funding identify components of the building, as well as its exhibits and programs, which are good All of the emphasis on building strong candidates for sponsorship by individual community support is a prerequisite to donors or charitable foundations. In the

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 81

proposed building, areas such as the library, those promoting the VIBC to make the project auditorium and individual exhibit areas are relevant to local people so that they adopt it as prime candidates for targeted donations an essential part of the area’s quality of life. because each is well-suited to being named Community support is vital to the project, now after the donor. Even modest parts of the and in the future. building can be funded individually, such as bricks or pavers. In turn, the VIBC must be seen in the broader context of cultural tourism and economic Step 6: Institute an Annual Appeal development on the Island and across the Province, and so must be consistently Each year the centre should mount a appealing to visitors and to government fundraising campaign aimed at its local and agencies. Balancing the conservation goals of regional members. Volunteers will be the Biosphere Reserve with the needs of local primarily responsible for managing the residents, visitors and governments will be an appeal, at least in the initial years. The intent ongoing goal of this project; if successful, of each appeal should be both to augment the however, this balanced approach will achieve building fund and, in some cases, to fund the maximum access to available funding, and individual special projects. As the years pass, will coax out sources of support, such as the appeal’s emphasis can shift from capital to individual donors, that would otherwise have operating and endowment funds, and can remained unavailable. reflect any special thematic or programming emphasis that the VIBC may be using that year. If incentives or prizes are part of the appeal, they can support the interpretive themes in the VIBC and have, for example, an emphasis on sustainable technologies (i.e. if you raffle a boat, make it a sailboat, not a motor launch).

This funding strategy does not have to be implemented in the exact sequence outlined above but it should contain all of the steps shown. As is evident from these steps, however, the project must be a community- driven effort, not one imposed from the top down. It will be a continuing challenge to page 82 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 7. Governance additional organization/governance principles have been identified. In total, four governance structure principles underlie the structure as 7.1 Introduction illustrated in Exhibit 7-1 and described below. These include: • A governance structure is now required to As the VIBC will be a community-based facilitate the further, detailed planning and attraction, its governance structure should development of the proposed VIBC, and reflect the community and ensure broad- subsequently to oversee the based community involvement and management/operational phase if indeed the representation. project is successfully implemented. • Both the planning and development phase and the operational phase will require The structure proposed in this section (see substantial support and involvement from Exhibit 7-1) is intended to be sufficiently volunteers. The governance structure must robust and flexible to meet the project’s needs facilitate broad-based public participation now and in the future. It stops short, however, while effectively directing volunteer efforts of describing the organizational structure of and activities. the VIBC which will be addressed during the • business planning phase when the centre’s Many visitor experiences will be delivered functions, programs and services are detailed. at established sites and attractions located The VIBC’s organizational structure will be an throughout the study area operated by extension of the governance model described organizations and businesses independent here, connecting through the VIBC Executive of and related to VIBC. To ensure seamless Director as illustrated in Exhibit 7-1. integration from the visitor’s perspective, these “partner” organizations will need to be formally connected to the VIBC and 7.2 Governance Structure Principles participate in shaping the programs and services offered by VIBC. The Phase I (Pre –Feasibility) Study report • VIBC will be a commercial attraction serving identified principles that it recommended more than 100,000 visitors annually. It will should direct the choice of a governance be a business with substantial assets, a structure for the proposed VIBC. To support significant annual operating budget, and the recommendations in this report regarding professional staff requiring the support and the development concept, functions, and guidance of a formal Board of Directors with funding strategy for the proposed VIBC, representation from key stakeholders.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 83

7.3 Governance Structure 9 Key Federal agencies such as Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Environment Canada and Parks Canada; As illustrated in Exhibit 7-1, the proposed governance structure comprises three levels: a 9 Local and regional tourism promotion membership level, a board or strategic agencies such as Oceanside Tourism planning and management level, and a Association, Parksville and Qualicum committee and staff or operational level. Beach Chambers of Commerce; 9 Environmental groups and 7.3.1 Membership Level organizations such as Englishman River Enhancement Group, Stream Keepers, This is the level at which participation of the etc.; general public and VIBC stakeholder organizations would be encouraged and 9 Educational institutions such Malaspina facilitated. It is also the level at which University-College and the University of strategic direction for VIBC visitor experience Victoria; offers would be endorsed through annual 9 Attractions such as Milner Gardens and interpretive planning conferences open to all Woodland, Craig Heritage Park, Horne VIBC Alliance and Friends of VIBC members. Lake Caves, and Big Qualicum Hatchery, as well as commercial eco- VIBC Alliance tourism operators; • Each and every organization (government 9 Provincial Parks, including Englishman and non governmental), attraction, site and River Falls, MacMillan/Cathedral business located within the study area that Grove, Horne Lake Caves, Little partners with or could partner with the Qualicum River Falls, Rathtrevor, etc.; VIBC to deliver all or part of a visitor experience would be invited to appoint one 9 Regional/Municipal Parks, including representative to the VIBC Alliance. This Horne Lake, Top Bridge, Englishman could include, but not necessarily be limited River, etc.; and, to: 9 Other important heritage resource sites 9 Study area local governments including such as Parksville-Qualicum Wildlife Parksville, Qualicum Beach and the Management Area. Regional District of Nanaimo; • The Alliance would be an informal 9 First Nations; association that is constituted annually for the purpose of electing members to the page 84 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report VIBC Board of Directors to serve 3 year terms. Initially, 3 Board members Exhibit 7-1: Proposed Governance Structure would be elected for staggered terms (one for 1 year, one for two years, one for three years). In subsequent years only 1 Board member would be elected VIBC Alliance VIBC Foundation to replace the member whose term is Informal Association Charitable Foundation expiring. VIBC Stakeholders Public Membership • All Alliance members would be eligible to participate in an annual interpretive planning conference, as well as being eligible for appointment to a standing committee of the Board. VIBC Board of Directors VIBC Foundation 9 Members • All residents of the study area as well as other interested private citizens would be eligible to become members of the VIBC Foundation by paying an annual membership fee. It is likely membership would include benefits such as reduced fees for VIBC admission, programs and services. Planning & Fund Raising Interpretive VIBC • The VIBC Foundation would be an Development Committee Planning Executive incorporated charitable foundation with Committee Committee Director the stated purpose of supporting VIBC through fund raising activities and volunteer support of VIBC programs and services. It is anticipated that most, VIBC Organization if not all volunteers involved in assisting Structure VIBC with programs and services would be members of the Foundation. the retail outlet at VIBC, a precedent that Furthermore, it is possible that the has been established with Parks Canada at Foundation could be contracted to operate many National Parks and Historic Sites.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 85

• The Foundation would also elect members The positions would be filled by voting of annually to the VIBC Board of Directors to Board members. serve 3 year terms. Initially, 3 Board • The Board would be a legally constituted members would be elected for staggered organization with mandated responsibility terms (one for 1 year, one for two years, one for the care and disposition of the VIBC for three years). In subsequent years only 1 assets, including management of the centre’s Board member would be elected to replace facilities, programs and services. Day to day the member whose term is expiring. operating management responsibility would • All members of the Foundation would be be delegated to the VIBC Executive Director, eligible to participate in an annual a staff position reporting to the Board. With interpretive planning conference, as well as the assistance of the Executive Director, the being eligible for appointment to a standing Board would develop (and update annually) committee of the Board. a five year Business Plan as well as annual capital and operating budgets. 7.3.2 Strategic Planning and Management • The Board would host an annual general Level meeting open to the general public at which time an annual report, including audited VIBC Board of Directors financial statements, would be presented • The Board of Directors would comprise 3 and discussed. elected members from the VIBC Alliance, 3 • The Board would establish at least 3 elected members from the Friends of VIBC, standing committees to undertake specific and 3 appointed members – one from the tasks in support of the development and Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Foundation, ongoing operation of VIBC: a Planning and one elected member of Parksville City Development Committee; a Fund Raising Council, and one senior administrator from Committee; and an Interpretive Planning the City of Parksville. The 3 appointed Committee. members would be appointed for terms of not less than 3 years. 7.3.3 Operational Level • Positions on the Board would include Chair, Vice Chair, Secretary, Treasurer and At this level the work of building and Director (5). Terms would be for a minimum operating the proposed VIBC is undertaken by of 1 year with no maximum term length. a combination of Board Committees and professional staff.

page 86 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report Standing Committees 9 Interpretive Planning – initially this • Members of standing committees would be committee would be responsible for appointed by the Board for terms of up to 3 directing the development of an years from among members of VIBC interpretive master plan for VIBC and Alliance and Friends of VIBC. Each for directing the design and committee chair would be a member of the development of exhibits and programs, Board. Committees would likely comprise a likely with the assistance of senior staff minimum of 5 members and a maximum of and consultants. Once VIBC is 9. operational, this committee would have ongoing responsibility for working with • Each of the three standing committees staff to renew, update and expand the would have specific ongoing interpretive master plan. Annual policy responsibilities: conferences would hosted by this 9 Planning and Development – committee as a venue for the committee responsible initially for acquiring a site, to solicit the views and input of a broad and directing the design and range of VIBC Alliance and Friends of construction of the VIBC facility. Once VIBC members. the centre is open, working with the VIBC Executive Director this committee Ad Hoc Committees would have ongoing responsibility for • From time to time, the Board may establish design and implementation of capital special task forces or ad hoc committees to projects including new/additional undertake specific, time limited projects in facilities and exhibits and facility and support of VIBC. Ad hoc committee chairs exhibit upgrading and renewal. would be members of the Board, with 9 Fund Raising – responsible initially for committee members drawn from members designing and implementing a capital of VIBC Alliance and Friends of VIBC. fund raising strategy to secure a specified amount of funds for site VIBC Executive Director acquisition (if required), facility and • The Executive Director would be the most exhibit design and development. Once senior staff person at VIBC, hired and VIBC is operational, this committee directed by the Board of Directors to would have responsibility for ongoing manage the day to day operations of the annual fund raising of specified amounts centre. The qualifications for and established by the Board during the responsibilities of this position should be annual budgeting process.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 87

detailed in the VIBC Business Plan during the business planning phase of this project.

French Creek Harbour page 88 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 8. Economic Benefits 8.1.1 Direct Benefits For the VIBC project, direct economic benefits realized in the Parksville/Qualicum Beach 8.1 Direct, Indirect and Induced local/regional economy would comprise, but Economic Benefits not necessarily be limited to: • Jobs, and municipal, provincial and federal Over time tourism attractions like the taxes generated by the initial capital proposed VIBC have demonstrated their role investment required to design and construct in boosting local/regional economies through the VIBC facility and exhibits, currently the generation of direct, indirect and induced estimated at approximately $9.6 million. economic benefits as a result of the capital Typically, as much as 35% of capital investment required to build attractions and development costs are construction labour the ongoing economic activity resulting from costs. Applying this ratio to the estimated their operations. capital cost for VIBC, and assuming an average annual construction wage of The value of economic benefits or outputs can $45,000, the number of construction jobs that be estimated using established economic could potentially be created is models when detailed inputs – specifically approximately 75 person years. The value capital costs by type of expenditure, operating of taxes cannot be estimated based on revenues by source and type of good or information available at this time. service purchased, and operating expenditures by type of expenditure -- are available. A • Jobs, and municipal, provincial and federal Business Plan for the development phase and taxes generated by the annual operating initial years of operation of the VIBC would revenues and expenses of the VIBC. provide the level of detailed inputs required Assuming that the preliminary estimate of for such economic models. approximately 120,000 visits reported in the Phase 1 Report (and repeated in Section 5 of In the absence of a business plan at this time this report) is achieved, and assuming that (expected to be prepared during a future total average per visit spending at the centre planning phase of this project) the types of is approximately $10, then annual revenue benefits expected to be generated by the VIBC of $1.2 million is possible. If this revenue project can be identified but only some of represented 80% of the annual operating these can be approximated using industry budget, and if 50% of the budget was spent “rules of thumb”. on staff wages averaging $30,000/position, then as many as 25 person years of

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 89

employment could potentially be supported. The value of jobs and taxes cannot be The value of taxes cannot be estimated estimated based on information available at based on information available at this time. this time. • Jobs, and municipal, provincial and federal 8.1.3 Induced Benefits taxes generated by businesses other than the VIBC as a result of spending by visitors Jobs, and municipal, provincial and federal visiting VIBC on goods and services such as taxes generated by business expansion/ retail goods, overnight accommodation, upgrading and/or new facility and service meals, fuel, etc. also, spending visitors on development that occurs in response to other goods and services while in the area increased demand for goods and services by visiting VIBC. The value of jobs and taxes visitors to VIBC can be considered induced cannot be estimated based on information economic benefits. Unfortunately these types available at this time. of benefits are virtually impossible to quantify • Jobs, and municipal, provincial and federal in advance, and only imprecisely and with taxes generated by businesses supplying some difficulty at some point after the fact. VIBC as a result of spending by VIBC on materials, goods and services required for construction and ongoing operation. These are generally identified as multiplier effect benefits. The value of jobs and taxes cannot be estimated based on information available at this time.

8.1.2 Indirect Benefits

Subsequent economic activity/spending generated as a result of direct benefits is generally identified as indirect benefits. This would include jobs, and municipal, provincial and federal taxes generated when individuals and households spend income received from jobs created by the construction and annual operation of VIBC, as well as the operation of businesses supplying VIBC.

page 90 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 9. Appendix A: Sources ------. Outdoor Life in Vancouver Island. Victoria: Vancouver Island Fruit Lands, Limited, n.d. 9.1 References Wylie, Brad. Qualicum Beach: A History of Vancouver Island’s Best Kept Secrets. Qualicum Cadwaladr, Margaret. In Veronica’s Garden. Beach: Brad Wylie, 1992. Qualicum: Madrona Books & Publishing, 2002.

Duff, W. An Indian History of British Columbia. 9.2 Personal Contacts [n.p. n.d. recorded] Kathy Bishop, Parksville Chamber of Economic Planning Group of Canada, and Commerce Lanarc Consultants Ltd. Environmental Interpretive Centre Pre-feasibility Study, April Jim Cadwaladr, Geoff Ball (Milner Gardens & 2003 Woodland)

Elliot, David R. Adventures in Arrowsmith Jim Cameron (Province of BC Small Country: A Historical & Recreational Guide to Business/Economic Development) District 69. District 69 Arts Council, 1983. Neil Connelly (Regional District of Nanaimo, British Columbia Parks. MacMillan Provincial Community Services) Park Management Plan. Victoria:BC Parks, 1996 Geoff Corbett, Oceanside Tourism Association Kingsley, James Edward. Did I Ever Tell You About…? James Edward Kingsley, 1992. Kevin Douville (Province of BC Community Futures/WEPA Project) Leffler, Marjorie. Parksville and Then Some. Parksville: Riftswood Publishing, 2000. Ray Kenny, Al Mackie (Provincial Archaeology Branch) Lillard, Charles. Seven Shillings a Year: The History of Vancouver Island. Vancouver [?]: Marjorie Leffler, Hans Boerger (Parksville Horsdal and Schubert, 1986. Historical Society)

Vancouver Island Fruit Lands, Limited. Don Levers (Parksville local historian) Farming in Vancouver Island. Victoria: Vancouver Island Fruit Lands, Limited, n.d.

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 91

Wendy Maurer, Qualicum Beach Chamber of Glen Jamieson, Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Commerce Reserve Foundation and IAS Committee Member John Melegrana (Queen’s University, School of Urban and Regional Planning) Matt Jenner, Mid Island Wildlife Watch Society Rick Roberts (HRDC) Marge Leffler, Parksville & District Historical Rob Roycroft (City of Parksville) Society

Art Skipsy (Qualicum Beach Historical Steve Lorimer, TimberWest Society) Julia Macdonald, Citizen and IAS Committee 9.3 Concept Development Workshop Member Attendees Joan Michel, Regional District of Nanaimo and IAS Committee Member Pauline Bibby, Region District of Nanaimo Gary Murdoch, Pacific Rainforest Adventure Kathy Bishop, Parksville Chamber of Tours Commerce Ronda Murdoch, Englishman River Watershed Tim Clermont, The Nature Trust of BC and Revitalization Project Ministry of Water, Land & Air Protection Rick Roberts, Human Resources Development Geoff Corbett, Oceanside Tourism Association Canada and IAS Committee Member

Jacquie Cronin, Qualicum Beach Historical & Greg Spears, Chair, IAS Committee Museum Society Joe Stanhope, Regional District of Nanaimo Fred Demmon, City of Parksville Councillor and IAS Committee Member Ernie Tomlinson, Interpretive Design

Maggie Henigman, Ministry of Water, Land & 9.4 Documents Reviewed Air Protection

Official Community Plans for: page 92 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • Nanoose Bay Oceanside Tourism: www.oceansidetourism.com • Electoral Area “F” • Englishman River • City of Parksville • French Creek • Shaw Hill – Deep Bay

Regional Growth Strategy (RDN)

City of Parksville Zoning By-law

Parksville-Qualicum Beach Wildlife Management Area Management Plan 2003 (draft revised March 6, 2003, Lanarc Consultants Ltd.)

9.5 Websites Reviewed

Parks Canada (Cultural Spaces): www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/artspol/cultspac es

Provincial government programs (BC Heartlands Economic Strategy): www.gov.bc.ca

Federal government programs (Departments and Agencies): www.canada.gc.ca

Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Reserve: www.mountarrowsmithbiosphere.ca

City of Parksville: www.city.parksville.bc.ca Englishman River Falls Provincial Park

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 93

Mount Arrowsmith/Cokely page 94 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report 10. Appendix B: Study Work • Identification of candidate sites for assessment; and, Plan • Other relevant developments/issues/opportunities that Task 1: Study Initiation Meeting have arisen since the completion of the Phase 1 report, such as the awarding of the At the study outset a half-day workshop style 2010 Winter Olympics to meeting will be attended by key members of Vancouver/Whistler. the consulting team and the Interpretive Centre Industrial Adjustment Service Task 2: Visitor Experience Concept Options Committee (IC Committee). Agenda items for the meeting should include, but not The objective of this task is to identify one or necessarily be limited to the following: more visitor experience concepts for the • Review, discussion and clarification (as proposed environmental interpretative centre required) of the Phase II study purpose and that combine features and opportunities of objectives; potential sites with desirable interpretive centre themes to create a compelling natural • Review, discussion and clarification (as heritage tourism attraction. Research and required) of the consultants’ proposal; analysis activities undertaken by the • Establishment of subsequent study meeting consultant team to accomplish this objective dates and report delivery deadlines as well will include, but not necessarily be limited to as potential dates for the Concept the following: Development Workshop (Task 3); • Review and expand or revise, as required, • Establishment of administrative procedures the site selection criteria defined in the including communication protocol between Phase 1 report. The IC Committee will be the consulting team and the IC Committee, consulted on any recommended additions progress reporting, invoicing, and payment; or changes to the criteria before they are applied. • Review and discussion of the key findings and conclusions from the Phase 1 report, • With the assistance of the IC Committee, especially the interpretive centre vision and compile a list of candidate sites for recommended site selection criteria; assessment and consideration including a site or sites adjacent to the protected • Identification of key individuals and Englishman River estuary. stakeholders that should/could be contacted by the consultants during the study;

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 95

• Visit and physically inspect all candidate • Research, review and analyze readily sites to identify interpretive resources and available information and reports on First opportunities and to evaluate each site Nations Bands associated with the MABR against the site selection criteria. In (ie. Nanoose, Qualicum, Middens) to addition, the consultants will identify cultural heritage interpretive interview/meet with key individuals who opportunities, themes and messages. are known to have detailed knowledge • Research, review and analyze readily regarding the interpretive opportunities of available information and reports on the any of the candidate sites. first European settlements associated with • Review and analyze available information the MABR to identify cultural heritage and reports on the MABR, including interpretive opportunities, themes and information contained in the Phase 1 Report, messages. to identify environmental and cultural • Review and analyze the characteristics, heritage interpretive opportunities, themes needs and interests of the area tourism and messages. market as reported in the Phase 1 report. In • Research, review and analyze readily addition, we may consult additional sources available information and reports on several of information on visitors seeking natural identified natural areas in the region, heritage interpretive experiences, including including information contained in the but not necessarily limited to: Phase 1 Report, to identify environmental 9 The Tourism Activities and Motivation and cultural heritage interpretive Study (1999-2000); opportunities, themes and messages. The designated areas include: 9 Statistics Canada’s Canadian and International Travel Surveys; and, 9 Qualicum National Wildlife Area 9 Research and reports published by 9 Parksville/Qualicum Wildlife organizations such as the Canadian Management Area Tourism Commission and the World 9 Englishman River Falls Provincial Park Tourism Organization. 9 Little Qualicum Falls Provincial Park • Review and analyze the perspectives of the IC Committee as reported in the Phase 1 9 Rathtrevor Beach Provincial Park Report, including further inquiry with IC 9 MacMillan Provincial Park Committee members for clarification as 9 Mount Arrowsmith Regional Park required.

page 96 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report • Review and analyze perspectives of Agency Task 3: Concept Development Workshop Representatives as reported in the Phase 1 Report, including further inquiry with The objective of Task 3 is to evaluate the Agency Representatives for clarification as various visitor experience concept options required. generated during Task 2 and select the most desirable for further refinement in Task 4. • Review and analyze perspectives of local residents as reported in the Phase 1 Report. To accomplish this we will facilitate a concept • Review and analyze information gathered development workshop attended by members on comparable facilities as reported in the of the consulting team, the IC Committee, and Phase 1 report, as well as information from other key stakeholders as identified in additional comparable facilities that we are consultation with the IC Committee. aware of from previous or current Individuals invited to the workshop will be assignments. provided with briefs on the various concept options for review prior to the workshop. • Research, review and analyze information During the workshop we will facilitate on existing and planned natural and cultural structured discussions on each of the concepts heritage related attractions, events and and employ consensus building techniques to programs in the Greater identify the concept deemed most attractive Parksville/Qualicum Beach area and with the strongest base of support. specifically, and Vancouver Island generally, to identify visitor experience gaps Task 4: Concept Development Brief and opportunities, as well as partnership opportunities for the proposed Following the Concept Development environmental interpretive centre. Workshop (Task 3), our consulting team will further refine and embellish the recommended In analyzing and synthesizing the information visitor experience concept. This will include, identified above, we will apply the “visitor but not necessarily be limited to: rainbow” model to identify visitor experience concepts that respond to the full range of types • Description of recommended visitor of interpretive centre visitors. This model experience program components, including recognizes that visitors can be characterized by primary interpretive themes and messages. the amount of time they expect to spend at an • Preparation of a preliminary site interpretive and hence the level of engagement development concept plan (i.e. graphic that is possible. representation of proposed site facilities and

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 97

amenities, their locations on the site, and sponsorship – that could apply to the expected visitor traffic patterns). recommended concept. • Description of recommended built facility • Identification of an overall funding strategy functions, amenities and services and for securing the projected capital and estimated preliminary space program. operating requirements, including a target mix of funding sources and a funding • Preliminary estimate of capital development development plan. costs based on the capital cost guidelines presented in the Phase 1 report as applied to the preliminary space program and site Task 7: Organization Structure and development concept plan. Governance Based on the management and governance Task 5: Interim Report requirements of the recommended interpretive centre concept, and after review of the An interim report describing the findings, governance options and considerations conclusions and recommendations from Tasks described in the Phase 1 report, we will make 2, 3, and 4 will be prepared and forwarded to recommendations on an organization and the IC Committee for review and comment. governance structure intended to meet the Revisions to the report will be made as current and long term development and required in response to the IC Committee’s operational requirements of the interpretive review comments. centre. Task 6: Funding Strategy

During this task we will refine the list of potential funding sources (as described in the Phase 1 report) based on the anticipated funding requirements for the recommended interpretive centre concept. This will include: • Identification of existing, specific funding sources and programs for which the concept appears to be eligible. • Identification of other funding strategies – such as public fund raising, corporate

page 98 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report Task 8: Potential Economic Benefits

We will prepare a preliminary estimate of regional economic benefits -- direct and indirect income, jobs and tax revenues -- generated by the capital development and ongoing operations (first five years) of the proposed interpretive centre. This estimate will be based on a simple input/output model using typical multipliers, typical wage rates, and estimated labour content, and will be driven by assumptions regarding capital development costs as well as annual revenues and operating costs.

Task 9: Final Report and Meeting

A draft final report combining the interim report with the conclusions and recommendations from Tasks 6, 7 and 8 will be prepared and forwarded to the IC Committee in advance of a meeting with the consultants.

During the meeting the report will be reviewed and discussed, leading to the identification of required revisions, if any.

Following the meeting a Final Report will be prepared and forwarded to the IC Committee.

Milner Gardens and Woodland

Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report the Tourism Company page 99

Little Qualicum River Falls Provincial Park page 100 the Tourism Company Vancouver Island Biosphere Centre Phase II Planning Study: Final Report