Cotton Facts

7 Spinning and Weaving Spinning is the process of making yarn from loose fibers. The most crucial part of spinning is the insertion of twist into a continuous strand of overlap- ping fibers to form a yarn. Twisting is preceded by many operations, such as carding, drawing, etc., which also form part of the spinning process. Cotton was first spun by use of machinery in England in 1730. Developments in spinning machinery in 1730 and saw gins in 1793 paved the way to make cotton the most important natural fiber in the world. SPINNING METHODS Fiber bundles can be twisted in many ways. The three main technologies used on a commercial scale are ring spinning, rotor spinning and air jet spinning. Ring spinning is the process of inserting twist by means of a rotating spindle. In ring spinning, twisting the yarn and winding it on a bobbin take place simultaneously and continuously. Ring spinning is a comparatively expensive process because of its slower speed; however, yarn quality is better. The additional processes (roving and winding) required in ring spinning make the process slower. Most of the yarn produced in the world is ring spun. Rotor Spinning (Open-end Spinning) inserts twists by means of a rotating conical receptacle into which the fiber is admitted. In open-end spinning, air current and centrifugal force carry fibers to the perimeter of the rotor where they are evenly distributed in a small group. The tails of the fibers are twisted together by the spinning action of the rotor, and the yarn is continuously drawn from the center of the rotor. The process is very efficient and reduces the cost of spinning. Open-end spinning eliminates the need for making a roving. At a speed of 60,000 revolutions per minute, the production rate of open-end rotors is 3-5 times higher than that of ring spinning. The yarn from open-end spinning is much more uniform compared to that from ring spinning. However, it is considerably weaker and has a harsher feel. Thus, low micronaire but stronger cottons are desirable for open-end spinning. Dust and trash that accumulate in rotor groves and interfere with spinning is the major problem of open-end spinning. Chapter 7 Spinning and Weaving 95.

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Textile Industry Needs Christopher D
The Journal of Cotton Science 21:210–219 (2017) 210 http://journal.cotton.org, © The Cotton Foundation 2017 ENGINEERING & GINNING Textile Industry Needs Christopher D. Delhom, Vikki B. Martin, and Martin K. Schreiner ABSTRACT lthough the immediate customer of the gin is Athe cotton producer, the end user of the ginned The immediate customers of cotton gins are lint is the textile mill, retailers, and eventually the the producers; however, the ultimate customers consumer. Thus, it is essential for the ginner to are textile mills and consumers. The ginner has satisfy both the producers and the textile industry. the challenging task to satisfy both producers and Consequently, the ginner needs to be aware of the the textile industry. Classing and grading systems needs of the textile industry. are intended to assign an economic value to the The intent of the cotton classing and grading bales that relates to textile mill demands and the system is to assign an economic value to the bale that quality of the end product. International textile documents its properties as it relates to the quality of mills currently are the primary consumers of U.S. the end product. Since the last edition of the Cotton cotton lint where it must compete against foreign Ginners Handbook in 1994, the customers of U.S. origins. International textile mills manufacture cotton have changed radically, shifting from primar- primarily ring-spun yarns, whereas domestic mills ily domestic to international mills. International mills manufacture predominantly rotor spun yarns. Pro- have been accustomed primarily to hand-harvested ducers and ginners must produce cottons to satisfy cotton that has been processed at slow ginning all segments of the industry, i.e., domestic and in- rates.
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