La Morte Di Nelson Mandela
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U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians
U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians Jim Zanotti Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs August 12, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22967 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians Summary Since the signing of the Oslo Accord in 1993 and the establishment of limited Palestinian self- rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1994, the U.S. government has committed over $3.5 billion in bilateral assistance to the Palestinians. Since the death of Yasser Arafat in November 2004, U.S. assistance to the Palestinians has been averaging about $400 million a year. During the 1990s, U.S. foreign aid to the Palestinians averaged approximately $75 million per year. Despite more robust levels of assistance this decade, Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Hamas’s heightened role in Palestinian politics have made it more difficult to implement effective and lasting aid projects that serve U.S. interests. U.S. aid to the Palestinians has fluctuated considerably over the past five years, largely due to Hamas’s changing role within the Palestinian Authority (PA). After Hamas led the PA government for over a year, its forcible takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007 led to the creation of a non- Hamas government in the West Bank—resulting in different models of governance for the two Palestinian territories. Since then, the United States has dramatically boosted aid levels to bolster the PA in the West Bank and President Mahmoud Abbas vis-à-vis Hamas. The United States has appropriated or reprogrammed nearly $2 billion since 2007 in support of PA Prime Minister Salam Fayyad’s security, governance, development, and reform programs, including $650 million for direct budgetary assistance to the PA and nearly $400 million (toward training, non-lethal equipment, facilities, strategic planning, and administration) for strengthening and reforming PA security forces and criminal justice systems in the West Bank. -
00 List of Conferred Honorarydegrees.Xlsx
Honorary Degrees Conferred by the CSU 1963-2020 Full Name Degree Campus Date Mildred Jean Ablin Doctor of Humane Letters Bakersfield 6/13/1998 Morton I. Abramowitz Doctor of Laws Stanislaus 5/29/1993 Roberta Achtenberg Doctor of Humane Letters San Marcos 5/19/2017 Jack Acosta Doctor of Humane Letters East Bay 6/12/2010 Abel G. Aganbegyan Doctor of Laws Hayward* 6/15/2002 Yoshie Akiba Doctor of Fine Arts East Bay 6/14/2014 William C. "Bill" Allen Doctor of Humane Letters Northridge 5/22/2014 Isabel Allende Doctor of Humane Letters San Francisco 5/24/2008 Barbara Alpert Doctor of Humane Letters Long Beach 5/28/2021 Raymond Alpert Doctor of Humane Letters Long Beach 5/28/2021 Alfred E. Alquist Doctor of Laws San José 5/24/1997 Abel Coronado Amaya Doctor of Humane Letters Dominguez Hills 5/18/2007 Paul Anka Doctor of Fine Arts Pomona 6/16/2013 Robert Antle Doctor of Humane Letters Monterey Bay 5/19/2007 Alan Armer Doctor of Humane Letters Northridge 5/31/2002 Susan Armstrong Doctor of Science San Luis Obispo 12/5/2020 Ruth Asawa Doctor of Fine Arts San Francisco 5/30/1998 Ronald M. Auen Doctor of Humane Letters San Bernardino 6/13/2013 Sherrie C. Auen Doctor of Humane Letters San Bernardino 6/13/2013 Judith F. Baca Doctor of Fine Arts Northridge 5/18/2018 Robin Baggett Doctor of Laws San Luis Obispo 6/15/2014 Danny J. Bakewell, Sr. Doctor of Humane Letters Dominguez Hills 5/19/2017 Homer P. Balabanis Doctor of Fine Arts Humboldt 6/15/1985 John Baldessari Doctor of Fine Arts San Diego 5/17/2003 David Baltimore Doctor of Science San Luis Obispo 9/28/2001 Raudel J. -
Palestinian Forces
Center for Strategic and International Studies Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy 1800 K Street, N.W. • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1 (202) 775 -3270 • Fax : 1 (202) 457 -8746 Email: [email protected] Palestinian Forces Palestinian Authority and Militant Forces Anthony H. Cordesman Center for Strategic and International Studies [email protected] Rough Working Draft: Revised February 9, 2006 Copyright, Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. May not be reproduced, referenced, quote d, or excerpted without the written permission of the author. Cordesman: Palestinian Forces 2/9/06 Page 2 ROUGH WORKING DRAFT: REVISED FEBRUARY 9, 2006 ................................ ................................ ............ 1 THE MILITARY FORCES OF PALESTINE ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 2 THE OSLO ACCORDS AND THE NEW ISRAELI -PALESTINIAN WAR ................................ ................................ .............. 3 THE DEATH OF ARAFAT AND THE VICTORY OF HAMAS : REDEFINING PALESTINIAN POLITICS AND THE ARAB - ISRAELI MILITARY BALANCE ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4 THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY FORC ES ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Palestinian Authority Forces During the Peace Process ................................ ................................ ..................... 6 The -
Using a Civil Suit to Punish/Deter Sponsors of Terrorism: Connecting Arafat & the PLO to the Terror Attacks in the Second In
Digital Commons at St. Mary's University Faculty Articles School of Law Faculty Scholarship 2014 Using a Civil Suit to Punish/Deter Sponsors of Terrorism: Connecting Arafat & the PLO to the Terror Attacks in the Second Intifada Jeffrey F. Addicott St. Mary's University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.stmarytx.edu/facarticles Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Jeffrey F. Addicott, Using a Civil Suit to Punish/Deter Sponsors of Terrorism: Connecting Arafat & the PLO to the Terror Attacks in the Second Intifada, 4 St. John’s J. Int’l & Comp. L. 71 (2014). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons at St. Mary's University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Articles by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons at St. Mary's University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USING A CIVIL SUIT TO PUNISH/DETER SPONSORS OF TERRORISM: CONNECTING ARAFAT & THE PLO TO THE TERROR ATTACKS IN THE SECOND INTIFADA Dr. Jeffery Addicott* INTRODUCTION “All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing.”1 -Edmund Burke As the so-called “War on Terror” 2 continues, it is imperative that civilized nations employ every possible avenue under the rule of law to punish and deter those governments and States that choose to engage in or provide support to terrorism.3 *∗Professor of Law and Director, Center for Terrorism Law, St. Mary’s University School of Law. -
Thematic Essay) 5
VOLUME FOR TEACHERS ONLY 1 OF 2 The University of the State of New York MC & THEMATIC REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION Global History and Geography June 15, 2010 GLOBAL HISTORY Part I AND GEOGRAPHY Cut Here 1. 4 . 26. 2 . Tuesday, June 15, 2010 — 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only 2. 1 . 27. 1 . SCORING KEY FOR PART I 3. 4 . 28. 4 . AND RATING GUIDE FOR PART II 4. 2 . 29. 2 . (THEMATIC ESSAY) 5. 4 . 30. 1 . 6. 3 . 31. 4 . 7. 4 . 32. 4 . Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department’s web site during 8. 2 . 33. 3 . the rating period. Visit the site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ and select the link “Scoring of Examinations” for any recently posted 9. 3 . 34. 3 . information regarding this examination. This site should be checked 10. 4 . 35. 1 . before the rating process for this examination begins and at least one more time before the final scores for the examination are recorded. 11. 1 . 36. 4 . 12. 4 . 37. 4. Contents of the Rating Guide 13. 3 . 38. 2 . For Part I (Multiple-Choice Questions): 14. 2 . 39. 3 . • Scoring Key 15. 2 . 40. 1 . For Part II (thematic) essay: • A content-specific rubric 16. 1 . 41. 3. • Prescored answer papers. Score levels 5 and 1 have two papers each, 17. 3 . 42. 2 . and score levels 4, 3, and 2 have three papers each. They are ordered by score level from high to low. -
THE PLO and the PALESTINIAN ARMED STRUGGLE by Professor Yezid Sayigh, Department of War Studies, King's College London
THE PLO AND THE PALESTINIAN ARMED STRUGGLE by Professor Yezid Sayigh, Department of War Studies, King's College London The emergence of a durable Palestinian nationalism was one of the more remarkable developments in the history of the modern Middle East in the second half of the 20th century. This was largely due to a generation of young activists who proved particularly adept at capturing the public imagination, and at seizing opportunities to develop autonomous political institutions and to promote their cause regionally and internationally. Their principal vehicle was the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), while armed struggle, both as practice and as doctrine, was their primary means of mobilizing their constituency and asserting a distinct national identity. By the end of the 1970s a majority of countries – starting with Arab countries, then extending through the Third World and the Soviet bloc and other socialist countries, and ending with a growing number of West European countries – had recognized the PLO as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. The United Nations General Assembly meanwhile confirmed the right of the stateless Palestinians to national self- determination, a position adopted subsequently by the European Union and eventually echoed, in the form of support for Palestinian statehood, by the United States and Israel from 2001 onwards. None of this was a foregone conclusion, however. Britain had promised to establish a Jewish ‘national home’ in Palestine when it seized the country from the Ottoman Empire in 1917, without making a similar commitment to the indigenous Palestinian Arab inhabitants. In 1929 it offered them the opportunity to establish a self-governing agency and to participate in an elected assembly, but their community leaders refused the offer because it was conditional on accepting continued British rule and the establishment of the Jewish ‘national home’ in what they considered their own homeland. -
Embargoed Until
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Ashley Berke Senior Public Relations Manager 215.409.6693 [email protected] MIKHAIL GORBACHEV TO RECEIVE 2008 LIBERTY MEDAL AT THE NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER Award to be presented by President George H.W. Bush Philadelphia, PA – The National Constitution Center’s 2008 Liberty Medal will be awarded to former Soviet leader and Nobel Peace Prize winner Mikhail Gorbachev for his courageous role in ending the dangerous, decades-long Cold War and in giving hope and freedom to millions who lived behind the Iron Curtain. The public Liberty Medal ceremony will take place on Thursday, September 18, 2008, at the National Constitution Center on Independence Mall in Historic Philadelphia, and will set the stage for international commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 2009. “This year’s ceremony will be a memorable tribute to a revolutionary thinker with courage and conviction who believed in the power of liberty and openness,” said National Constitution Center President and CEO Joseph M. Torsella. “Mikhail Gorbachev is someone who truly changed the course of history, and we are honored to recognize him.” “During the Cold War, Gorbachev helped replace confrontation with negotiation and established a new climate between East and West,” said Torsella. “He bravely opened the doors of Soviet society to the winds of freedom and change, and he continues to be a voice for an open society today. His vision and strength were central to bringing about a peaceful end to the Cold War, and his remarkable leadership has led to profound and lasting consequences for our nations and for all people who treasure liberty.” This took both vision and courage. -
Congressional Record—Senate S12138
S12138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 29, 2003 slaughter of non-ambulatory livestock, 1622, a bill to amend title 10, United Incredibly, while asking the Congress and for other purposes. States Code, to exempt certain mem- for an additional $87 billion for the war S. 1531 bers of the Armed Forces from the re- in Iraq, the Department of Defense At the request of Mr. HATCH, the quirement to pay subsistence charges wants to drop soldiers on leave off at names of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. while hospitalized. the Baltimore Airport and then make ROBERTS), the Senator from Hawaii S. 1630 them pay for their transportation (Mr. INOUYE) and the Senator from Ar- At the request of Mrs. DOLE, the home and back. Those service men and kansas (Mr. PRYOR) were added as co- name of the Senator from Minnesota women are serving with great courage sponsors of S. 1531, a bill to require the (Mr. COLEMAN) was added as a cospon- in 115-degree temperatures and other Secretary of the Treasury to mint sor of S. 1630, a bill to facilitate nation- truly awful conditions. They are being coins in commemoration of Chief Jus- wide availability of 2–1–1 telephone given 2 weeks leave—many of them— tice John Marshall. service for information and referral because they are in the Reserves or Na- tional Guard and they have just had S. 1545 services, and for other purposes. their 5- or 6-month tour extended by At the request of Mr. HATCH, the S. 1637 another 6 months. This will be the only names of the Senator from Iowa (Mr. -
Mandela's Vision for a Better World
Mandela’s vision for a better world LONDON, UNDER EMBARGO UNTIL 18 JULY 09:00 (UTC+1) Tuesday 18th July 2017, International Nelson Mandela Day, 09:00 (UTC+1) The Elders, an international group of ex-world leaders founded by Nelson Mandela, releases a short documentary celebrating their ten years of work across the globe. The film features never-before seen footage of Nelson Mandela, President Carter and Richard Branson meeting in 2007 to set the agenda of their work. The film’s launch coincides with both Nelson Mandela’s birthday and International Nelson Mandela Day. Tuesday 18th July 2017 marks a significant milestone for The Elders as they celebrate ten years since Nelson Mandela founded the group, brought together for peace, justice and human rights. The group will gather in Cape Town to celebrate a decade of accomplishments with a screening of the documentary, and to launch their latest campaign, Walk Together; which aims to show solidarity with those who are most downtrodden and vulnerable in today’s world. "We have nothing to lose, we have our careers behind us. So we should be free to raise our voices and steer people in the right direction.”- Kofi Annan, Chair of The Elders, former UN Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Laureate. The film begins with footage from The Elders’ first meeting in 2007, and includes unseen footage of Nelson Mandela with accompanying interviews from President and Nobel Peace Laureate, Jimmy Carter; Co-Founder of The Elders, Graça Machel; and first female President of Ireland, Mary Robinson. The documentary celebrates their work across the world, providing insight into the delicate negotiations that have gone on to address conflicts and geopolitical tensions in Iran, the Korean Peninsula, Cyprus and Israel/Palestine, and the group’s public advocacy on issues such as climate change, child marriage, equality for girls and women, and refugees and migration. -
1 Center for Global Development Keynote Address Ellen Johnson
Center for Global Development Keynote Address Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Former President of the Republic of Liberia As delivered November 4, 2019 This is the text of a speech given by president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf at an event hosted at the Center for Global Development on November 4, 2019. Mr. Masood Ahmed - CDG Chairman, Mr. Larry Summers, former President and my dear friend Nancy Birdsall, the CDG Family, Special Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen: I fondly recall that CGD was one of Liberia’s first partners, even before my inauguration in January of 2006, as we sought to tackle the legacy of decades of regional and civil war. It was the Chair Emeritus of CGD Ed Scott who established the Scott Family Liberia Fellows. The program recruited both Liberians and non-Liberians to serve as assistants to heads of agencies and ministries to help rebuild the country. A current Visiting Fellow at CGD, Gyude Moore, was one such Scott Fellows. Gyude was also my former Deputy Chief of Staff and Minister of Public Works. Your platform continued to be here for me, arguing for debt relief, highlighting the importance of rebuilding Liberia’s security forces towards post-conflict stabilization, and helping ensure that Liberia was at the front of the queue for programs like PEPFAR, Feed the Future, the MCC and Power Africa. Through the efforts of Betsy Williams, the Scotts Fellows initiative expanded to the President’s Young Professional Program, which included qualifying graduates of local institutions. Today, the program has transformed into the Emerging Public Leaders and has been implemented in Ghana with potential to expand into other African countries. -
Stop Coddling Soviet "Peacemakers" | the Washington Institute
MENU Policy Analysis / Articles & Op-Eds Stop Coddling Soviet "Peacemakers" by John Hannah May 24, 1988 ABOUT THE AUTHORS John Hannah John Hannah is a senior fellow at The Washington Institute. Articles & Testimony s the Moscow summit approaches, and as the prospects for his Arab- Israeli peace initiative grow A increasingly dim, the time has come for Secretary of State George Shultz to seize the diplomatic high road and publicly challenge the Soviet Union to put up or shut up on the question of Middle East peace. For nearly three months, Shultz has used quiet diplomacy in an attempt to persuade Moscow to sign on to his peace proposal. From the plan's inception, with its controversial provision for Soviet participation in an international conference, Shultz has sought to take Moscow's interests into account. Indeed, he has gone out of his way to consult the Soviets and engage them in a cooperative effort to get Mideast negotiations started. In reply, Moscow has consistently rebuked the secretary. While not rejecting the Shultz plan outright, the Soviets have publicly targeted it for repeated criticism, on various occasions deriding it as unbalanced, devious and even "anti-Arab." Specifically, Soviet media have dismissed Shultz's idea for an international conference that only serves as an opening to direct negotiations between Israel and a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation. Toeing the Arab line, Moscow insists on PLO participation as an independent delegation in an "authoritative" conference that is empowered to make binding decisions. Confronted with such clear Soviet opposition, Shultz has had to acknowledge that sharp differences do exist between the U.S. -
Address by President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf the Sixth Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture Title: Behold the New Africa Johannesburg, South Africa, July 12 2008
ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT ELLEN JOHNSON-SIRLEAF THE SIXTH NELSON MANDELA ANNUAL LECTURE TITLE: BEHOLD THE NEW AFRICA JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA, JULY 12 2008 Our revered President Mandela, our sister Graça Machel, distinguished ladies and gentlemen: What an honor it is to be standing before His Excellency, Nelson Mandela, to deliver the 6th Annual Nelson Mandela Lecture here at Walter Sisulu Square in Kliptown, Soweto. What an honour to follow all the many sterling persons who have given this speech before me. President Mandela on the occasion of your 90th birthday, I would like to pay tribute to you, a man who paved the way for a new generation of leaders and the emergence of democratization in Africa where, through free and fair elect or other processes, authority is transferred peacefully from one civilian government to another; where issues and hope, not fear for the future, define the national debate; where equality of women is a right and women’s agencies supported and utilized; where governments invest in basic services like health and education, for all; where there is respect for individual and human rights; where there is a vibrant and open media; where economic growth is driven by entrepreneurs and the private sector; where open markets and trade define interactions with traditional donor nations; And finally and more importantly, where leaders are accountable to their people. We admire you, President Mandela; for returning justice and democracy to your country, South Africa, and in doing so, for becoming an inspiration for Africans and for peoples the world over. You have taught us that if one believes in compassion for humanity we can all make a difference.