Statelessness Situations Are Both and an Overview of the Obstacles to LESSNESS IS COM- Essential for States
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Examples of Iraq and Syria
BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Fall 2017 The Unraveling of the Nation-State in the Middle East: Examples of Iraq and Syria Zachary Kielp Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the International Relations Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kielp, Zachary, "The Unraveling of the Nation-State in the Middle East: Examples of Iraq and Syria" (2017). MSU Graduate Theses. 3225. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3225 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE UNRAVELING OF THE NATION-STATE IN THE MIDDLE EAST: EXAMPLES OF IRAQ AND SYRIA A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University TEMPLATE In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science, Defense and Strategic Studies By Zachary Kielp December 2017 Copyright 2017 by Zachary Kielp ii THE UNRAVELING OF THE NATION-STATE IN THE MIDDLE EAST: EXAMPLES OF IRAQ AND SYRIA Defense and Strategic Studies Missouri State University, December 2017 Master of Science Zachary Kielp ABSTRACT After the carnage of World War One and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire a new form of political organization was brought to the Middle East, the Nation-State. -
An Uncertain Homecoming Views of Syrian Refugees in Jordan on Return, Justice, and Coexistence
An Uncertain Homecoming Views of Syrian Refugees in Jordan on Return, Justice, and Coexistence INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE An Uncertain Homecoming Views of Syrian Refugees in Jordan on Return, Justice, and Coexistence RESEARCH REPORT Acknowledgments The International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) acknowledges the support of the UK Department for International Development, which funded this research and publication. ICTJ and the authors of the report also gratefully acknowledge all of those who generously gave their time to be interviewed for this report and contributed their experiences and insights. About the Authors Cilina Nasser wrote sections V through XII of this report and led the development of the Introduction and Recommendations. Nasser is a Beirut-based independent researcher and expert on human rights who also works on transitional justice issues. She has worked extensively on investigating human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law, primarily in Syria, but also in other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, such as Yemen, Libya, and Saudi Arabia. She was a researcher at Amnesty International focusing on countries in crisis and conflict from 2009 to 2015 and, before that, a journalist who covered major events in Lebanon. Zeina Jallad Charpentier wrote sections III, XIII, and XIV of this report. Jallad Charpentier is a legal consultant, researcher, and lecturer in law, whose work focuses on the intersection between international law, human rights law, social mobility, access to justice and resilience of disenfranchised populations, refugees, and impact litigation. She has worked in the United States, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Turkey. -
The Noble Sanctuary: Interpreting Islamic Traditions of Asylum in the Contemporary World
The Noble Sanctuary: Interpreting Islamic Traditions of Asylum in the Contemporary World TAHIR ZAMAN A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the School of Law & Social Sciences, University of East London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2012 i Abstract This study aims at deepening understanding of religion in the social and cultural lives of forced migrants. It considers how Iraqi refugees in Damascus mobilise religious traditions, networks and institutions in order to negotiate their new surroundings and access much needed social and material resources. In doing so, refugees move beyond the management and care of UN agencies, international NGOs and the state. This thesis argues against conceptualizing religion solely as an identity concern or in institutional terms. Instead it emphasises religion as being a holistic and experiential matter. This study provides a synchronic and diachronic examination of Islamic traditions in relation to sanctuary, refuge and the stranger. Over the course of a year, from March 2010 to March 2011, 23 Iraqi refugees and five refugee service providers participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews. Ethnographic data was also collected and recorded in the field during this time. The thesis explores how Islamic traditions are interpreted in contemporary contexts in addition to demonstrating the relational dimensions of religious practice and experience. The constraints and opportunities Iraqi refugees encounter in em-placing themselves indicate that religion is a much contested notion. I make the case for a holistic understanding of religious practice and experience wherein home-making is a key concern. The challenges of facing a protracted exile and a protection impasse in Syria means Iraqi refugees are compelled to reflect upon their specific experiences of religion and to mobilize their understandings of religious traditions in innovative ways in order to construct inhabitable worlds. -
Of Warmongers, Fake News and the Deep State
Stratcepts Paper 20200103 Copyright Stratcepts.net 2019 Of Warmongers, Fake News And The Deep State Stratcepts Team1* Abstract Recently, the three terms in the title have become part of American mainstream discussion, highlighted by a sharp public exchange between former US Secretary of State and Senator from New York, Ms. Hillary Clinton, and Presidential Candidate, National Guard Major and Hon. Congresswoman from Hawaii, Ms. Tulsi Gabbard. This article collects observations over the past decade from the public media in an attempt to understand some of these issues. The ’mainstream media’ narrative is that America is supporting the People of Syria to fight against oppression - from the ‘Regime’ of the ‘Brutal Dictator Assad’ and the Islamic State (ISIS). The ISIS also attacks the people of Iraq. Iranian ‘terrorists’ are interfering by helping the ‘Regime’ to oppress the Syrian people between poison gas attacks and bombing children. They are also impeding American efforts to save the Iraqi people from the ISIS. Saudi Arabia and Turkey are Allies of America, helping in the Coalition along with NATO nations and Israel, to fight. Someone. The Coalition is also bombing Yemen. And Libya. And Syria. The Russians are also meddling by helping the Brutal Dictator and the Iranians. All of this impeded President Obama’s sworn mission to degrade and eventually to destroy the ISIS. But despite all this, the Coalition has been winning. The ISIS has been defeated. Against this narrative, a few maverick voices have struck a discordant note. Senator Black of Virginia, before he retired, pointed out that the Christian minority in Syria depends on President Assad’s protection for survival against the Islamic extremists. -
Model Arab League
Samuel Adelson, May 2013 Model Arab League Annotated Bibliography for Syria ncusar.org/modelarableague Model Arab League Research Resources: Syria Page 1 Samuel Adelson, May 2013 This annotated bibliography was created to serve as a research resource for students taking part in the National Council on U.S.-Arab Relations’ Model Arab League Program. With the understanding that research can be intimidating and time consuming, an effort was made to find a set of scholarly articles that give a detailed background and thorough account of the current situation for this League of Arab States member. Included are annotations designed to give a description of the source with the intention of students completing the research on their own. There has been an attempt to focus on more contemporary scholarship, specifically post- 9/11 and post-2011 (so-called “Arab Spring”) where possible, as these are two phenomena that fundamentally changed politics in the Arab world. These sources should provide students with a solid basis for understanding the country they are representing in both regionally and globally significant issues as well as the interests of other countries within the League of Arab States. At the time of this writing, Syria is in a state of war. Protests that began in March of 2011 in the wake of the Arab Spring were met with a government military response. The use of lethal force by the Syrian army on civilian protesters eventually led the protests to become armed in rebellion. The ongoing state of affairs in Syria has become a humanitarian crisis, as refugees flee from Syria into neighboring countries and the Syrian army routinely bombs areas suspected of harboring and aiding rebels. -
Building a Global Terrorism Database
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Building a Global Terrorism Database Author(s): Gary LaFree ; Laura Dugan ; Heather V. Fogg ; Jeffrey Scott Document No.: 214260 Date Received: May 2006 Award Number: 2002-DT-CX-0001 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. BUILDING A GLOBAL TERRORISM DATABASE Dr. Gary LaFree Dr. Laura Dugan Heather V. Fogg Jeffrey Scott University of Maryland April 27, 2006 This project was supported by Grant No. 2002-DT-CX-0001 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. TABLE OF CONTENTS Excutive Summary.................................................................................................. 1 Building a Global Terrorism Database ................................................................... 4 The Original PGIS Database.......................................................................... 6 Methods.................................................................................................................. -
Country Advice Lebanon Lebanon – LBN36172 – Assoun – Christians – Communal Violence – Internal Relocation – State Protection 2 March 2010
Country Advice Lebanon Lebanon – LBN36172 – Assoun – Christians – Communal violence – Internal relocation – State protection 2 March 2010 1. Please provide any information on violence against or the attitude to Christians in the Assoun region. No reports could be found of violence or discrimination specifically targeting Christians in Assoun (also Aasoon). Two reports were located describing a violent incident in Assoun between Sunni militants and the Lebanese armed forces in 1999. Assoun – Location The village of Assoun is located in the North governorate of Lebanon, which is highlighted in green on the map below from the Lebanese Ministry of Tourism website:1 1 „Map of Lebanon showing regions‟ (undated), Ministry of Tourism: Destination Lebanon website http://www.destinationlebanon.gov.lb/About/Map.aspx – Accessed 10 February 2010 – Attachment 29 Page 1 Aassoun was marked on a Google map posted on social networking/travel blog site Traveljournals.net.2 The maps below are screen shots taken from the map on at various magnifications: 2„Assoun, Ash Shamal‟ 2004, Traveljournals.net website, 27 February http://www.traveljournals.net/explore/lebanon/map/m1158979/assoun.html – Accessed 10 February 2010 – Attachment 1. Page 2 A Wikipedia entry on the districts and municipalities of Lebanon lists Assoun as part of the Miniyeh-Danniyeh District.3 3 „Municipalities of Lebanon‟ 2010, Wikipedia, last updated 16 January – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lebanon- Accessed 10 February 2010 – Attachment 6. Wikipedia is a Web-based free-content encylopaedia which is compiled collaboratively by volunteers. Wikipedia articles can be useful introductory reading for a new topic, and the list of references in Wikipedia articles can provide useful leads to reliable sources. -
The Ideological Transformation of Hezbollah Since Its Involvement in the Syrian Civil War : Local Perspectives and Foreign Observations
The Ideological Transformation of Hezbollah Since its Involvement in the Syrian Civil War : Local Perspectives and Foreign Observations Mémoire Ian Mac Donald Maîtrise en science politique - avec mémoire Maître ès arts (M.A.) Québec, Canada © Ian Mac Donald, 2020 Introduction Political and social movements use ideology as a method of justifying, interpreting, and challenging the surrounding social-political order (McAdam, Doug, et al., 1996). The success with which a social or political movement constructs and expresses the set of explanatory and normative beliefs and assumptions that make up its ideology can often translate into its competitive advantage over contending movements. In the modern nation-state, nationalist ideology, where nations are “imagined communities,” according to Benedict Anderson, is the most common form of political ideology that fabricates a collective intersubjective identity for a population and legitimates groups’ power. However, in Lebanon, sectarianism, where political ideology is tied to a specific religious community, is also a compelling narrative that has so often characterized the ideology of the myriad actors in Lebanese state and society. In the Lebanese political realm, sectarian and nationalist ideologies of organizations and movements both blend and compete with each other as elites vie for political power over populations. Authors of sectarianism often take a constructivist and instrumentalist approach in explaining the ideological power of sectarianism in Lebanon: Just as history demonstrates state leaders’ use of nationalist fervour in the pursuit of political power, sectarianism is also an ideology in which elites can play a manipulative role and exploit the religious identity of populations in order to further their own political goals (Cammett, 2014; Haddad, 2011; Salloukh, Barakat, Al-Habbal, Khattab, & Mikaelian, 2015; Wehrey, 2018). -
Migrant Smuggling in Asia
Migrant Smuggling in Asia A Thematic Review of Literature April 2012 1 Knowledge Product: MIGRANT SMUGGLING IN ASIA A !ematic Review of Literature Printed: Bangkok, April 2012 Authorship: United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Copyright © 2012, UNODC e-ISBN: 978-974-680-331-1 "is publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-pro#t purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to UNODC, Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c. Cover photo: Courtesy of CBSA. "e photo shows a ship that was used in a migrant smuggling operation from Asia to North America. Product Feedback: Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: Coordination and Analysis Unit (CAU) Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c United Nations Building, 3 rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200, "ailand Fax: +66 2 281 2129 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unodc.org/eastasiaandpaci#c/ UNODC gratefully acknowledges the #nancial contribution of the Government of Australia that enabled the research for and the production of this publication. Disclaimers: "is report has not been formally edited. -
Palestine, Israel and Lebanon: Politics and Peace Prospects
Palestine, Israel and Lebanon: Politics and Peace Prospects International Peace Institute with Charney Research 8 December 2010 Summary Key findings from polls of 1,019 Palestinians, 1,020 Israelis, and 1,000 Lebanese and eight focus groups in Israel in August and September 2010 include: • Palestinian mood much better than in 2009, especially on the West Bank. • Israelis anxious despite prosperity and security. • Lebanese unhappy about economy and security. • President and Prime Minister popular in all three governments. • Israel’s right-wing government and Fatah would lead in elections today, Lebanon’s March 14 government could face problems. • Lebanese favor a truce with Israel. • Phased two-state solution appeals to Israelis and Palestinians. • Israelis are fearful and ignorant about Arab politics. • Palestinians, Arab states and West can all encourage Israeli acceptance of a two-state plan. 2 Palestinian mood has improved markedly, particularly in the West Bank, thanks to a better economy and security. Would you say things in Palestine are headed in the right direction or wrong direction? (Percent saying right direction) Economic situation good • West Bank 47% (2009: 35%) • Gaza 34% (2009: 12%) Rarely/never fear for safety or security • West Bank 63% (2009: 42%) • Gaza 38% (2009: 65%) 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 All West Bank Gaza 3 Israelis are pessimistic and fearful about long-term security despite a strong economy and calm at present. Would you say things in Israel are headed in the right direction or wrong direction? Economic situation good • 68% Rarely/never fear for safety or security • 53% 4 Lebanese mood darker than in 2008, though economy and security somewhat better. -
Duterte Urges All Filipinos in Kuwait to Return Home President to Announce ‘Personally Crafted’ Decision • Kuwait Alarmed by Leaked Reports
SHAABAN 13, 1439 AH SUNDAY, APRIL 29, 2018 Max 34º 32 Pages Min 24º 150 Fils Established 1961 ISSUE NO: 17518 The First Daily in the Arabian Gulf www.kuwaittimes.net KOC: Foreign companies Brains, eyes, testes, ovaries: Saudi Princess Noura: Made to Nadal into Barcelona final 3 tackling Maqwa oil leak 23 Off-limits for transplants? 32 measure fashion ambassador 13 with 400th clay court win Duterte urges all Filipinos in Kuwait to return home President to announce ‘personally crafted’ decision • Kuwait alarmed by leaked reports SINGAPORE/KUWAIT: Philippine ernment, saying the act violated the country’s “As the president of the nation, it behooves President Rodrigo Duterte called on the sovereignty and ordered Philippine upon me to do something.” 260,000 Filipinos working in Kuwait - most Ambassador Renato Villa to leave the coun- of them employed as domestic helpers - to try. Duterte said ties between the two nations Important announcement return home, saying the state apparently did were now “being put to the test”. “I plead that On Friday, presidential spokesperson Harry not want their services anymore, according to since there is a total ban on deployment, I Roque said Duterte would announce an reports in the Philippines media. “To you don’t want them anymore to [go to Kuwait] important “course of action” in connection there in Kuwait, [to] those who are not really because apparently [the Kuwaitis] do not like with the diplomatic crisis. Roque said the household helpers, I now appeal to your them,” he said. “Do not hurt” the Filipino president’s move would be “Solomonic” and sense of patriotism: Come home, anyway workers and “treat them deserving of a “dramatic”. -
Country Advice
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: LBN33809 Country: Lebanon Date: 2 October 2008 Keywords: Lebanon – Christians – Lebanese Forces – Iraq War – State protection – Internal relocation This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Is a Christian supporter of the Lebanese Forces who worked for a short time for the US in Iraq likely to be perceived as a supporter of the West and, if so, what are the likely repercussions? 2. Is there any information on the number of people who travelled from Lebanon to work in Iraq during the invasion and the nature of the work they were engaged in? Is there any information on how such people are treated on return? 3. Please advise on the availability of state protection. 4. Is a Christian supporter of the Lebanese Forces likely to be safer in any particular part of Lebanon (i.e. availability of relocation)? RESPONSE 1. Is a Christian supporter of the Lebanese Forces who worked for a short time for the US in Iraq likely to be perceived as a supporter of the West and, if so, what are the likely repercussions? No information could be located as to whether Lebanese workers returning from Iraq are likely to be targeted as ―supporters of the West‖.