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The Genesis of Binational Latino Advocacy on Trade from Central America to Mexico by Antonio Gonzalez, September 4, 2018

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The Genesis of Binational Latino Advocacy on Trade from Central America to Mexico by Antonio Gonzalez, September 4, 2018 BINATIONAL TALES, VIGNETTE 7 SEPTEMBER 4, 2018 The Genesis of Binational Latino Advocacy on Trade From Central America to Mexico By Antonio Gonzalez, September 4, 2018 “Oh no that It was spring “carancho” is at 1991 and Fast it again,” Track blurted SVRI Authority to President Andy Hernandez. I approve trade was surprised agreements because back between the then Andy was US and other a United countries Methodist without any Reverend and intemperate legislative language was amendments unusual for was coming Raul Yzaguirre him. But I had Andy Hernandez up for a vote NCLR President SVRI President to agree. in May. SVRI’s Latin America Project -my responsibility- Insiders knew Fast Track was to be used to had been focused on Central America for three negotiate a trade deal between the US, Mexico years now, and Andy had been focused on legislative redistricting. and Canada (known as NAFTA in shorthand). The inability to amend a trade deal meant the Thus, SVRI was distracted as the Bush ability for labor and environmental advocates to Administration moved rapidly to clear a path for negotiation and approval of a free trade agreement shape the pact would be nullified. Therefore, the with Mexico. issue was hot in DC but in the Latino community (as well as the rest of the country) it was barely on the radar screen. Into the void had stepped National Council of La Raza whose President Raul Yzaguirre had been a longtime rival of (SVRI deceased founder) Willie In early 1991 Mexican Americans supported a Velasquez and his top hand Hernandez. NAFTA in theory because it meant the US respected Mexico -which was big in their eyes. SVRI and its parent group Southwest Voter Furthermore, NAFTA was favored by the Registration Education Project (SVREP), saw government of Mexico which was de-linking themselves as loyal to the interests and values of itself from Latin America and seeking economic the US Latino community, while NCLR was viewed incorporation into North America, a profound as too close to the DC and corporate change on their behalf. This too gave the NAFTA establishments. proposal legs among many Mexican Americans. PAGE !1 BINATIONAL TALES, VIGNETTE 7 SEPTEMBER 4, 2018 But knowledge of the potential • sponsor a series of pro-con Interestingly, when SVRI founder benefits or impacts of a trinational educational conferences on Willie Velasquez launched the trade deal was nonexistent. The NAFTA; Latin America Project in mid-1987 other two relevant groups back • commission “white papers” on he scrupulously avoided then were Puerto Ricans and the impact of NAFTA on the mentioning Mexico. It was always Cubans and they didn’t much Latino community; and Central and South America. I care (Central Americans and asked why one time and he told • gather US Latino opinion data me “Mexico is too complicated. Dominicans really hadn’t emerged on NAFTA; as significant Latino subgroups There are no good guys. It’s just yet). bad guys versus even worst guys.” I figured if we did this program we’d not only have the pulse of the Yet here we were preparing to Yzaguirre made a media splash by Latino community on NAFTA, we endorsing Fast Track Authority (as jump into US-Mexico relations, would have a group of Latino though really, we had no choice. had LULAC and the US Hispanic organizations and leaders that Chamber of Commerce). “There To do nothing would have been accepted SVRI leadership on the dereliction of duty. I’m convinced he goes again,” complained issue. That was key. If we wanted Hernandez, “cutting deals at the Willie would have come to the to influence the behavior of the same conclusion. expense of the community. I DC-based groups and federal wonder what Bush is giving legislators, we had to speak for NCLR?” he ranted. “I don’t know more than SVRI. SVRI needed to SVRI released a statement Andy but let’s come up with a build a community consensus on opposing Fast Track Authority on strategy to get involved before the the “trade with Mexico” issue. pure democratic theory grounds. damage is done,” I answered. “Ok It didn’t make much of a splash - Antonio give me plan, and fast”, which was expected- except to put President Hernandez ordered The truth is we didn’t know if NCLR and the others on notice before returning his attention to NAFTA would be good or bad for that SVRI was going to get his myriad responsibilities. Latinos. As progressives we were involved and to attract the suspicious. We knew that at that attention of NAFTA’s critics moment no one was advocating I had just come back after which we thought was important. for the community’s interest. We It also served to signal our spending much of the last year in had to arm ourselves with Latino- Central America with SVRI’s network that more was coming. specific information and get into Fast Track Authority extension Latin America Project, but I had the debate. to get my head out of El Salvador passed by 40 votes in the House and Nicaragua and into Mexico. and 20 in the Senate in May 1991 and the governments of Canada, Andy Hernandez liked the plan and then told me “Ok go raise the the US and Mexico accelerated A few days later I gave Andy an money, cause I’m not spending our their negotiations. initial five-point plan to get SVRI other funds on it.” “Well then let into the NAFTA mix immediately. me get to work,” I responded The plan said SVRI should: thinking this project just got a lot harder. SVRI had ample funds for • publicly oppose Fast Track certain projects, but zip for Authority; NAFTA. • sponsor a Latino leaders fact- finding trip to Mexico; PAGE !2 BINATIONAL TALES, VIGNETTE 7 SEPTEMBER 4, 2018 As it turns out there was interest out there among donors. By summer I had gathered small grants from Ford, Carnegie, Veatch, Irvine, and a few others creating a modest war chest of about %100,000 to start in the fall. By August we were ready to go with a fact-finding delegation to Ciudad Juarez, Mexico City, Guanajuato and Michoacan led by US Rep. Esteban Torres and LA County Supervisor Gloria Molina and two conferences in San Antonio and Los Angeles in October. On August 5-12, 1991 the SVRI fact-finding mission went to Mexico: • Honorable Esteban Torres, US Representative of Los Angeles accompanied by wife Arci Torres; • Honorable Gloria Molina, LA County Supervisor accompanied by husband and daughter Ron and Valentina Martinez; • SVRI President Andy Hernandez, San Antonio, TX; • Honorable Antonio Bracamonte, Trustee, South Mountain Community College District, Phoenix, AZ; • Dr. Avelardo Valdez, UT San Antonio • Antonio Gonzalez, SVRI Latin America Project Coordinator • Martha Samano, Mexican American Political Association, Los Angeles, CA Honorable Gloria Molina Martha Samano Dr. Avelardo Valdez LA County Supervisor Mexican American Political UT San Antonio Association, Los Angeles, CA PAGE !3 BINATIONAL TALES, VIGNETTE 7 SEPTEMBER 4, 2018 Our group arrived in El Paso-Ciudad Juarez first to examine the whole situation with “las maquiladoras” -US assembly factories located on the Mexican side of the border. Maquiladoras had spread like prairie fire in the 1980’s and were thought to be a prologue of free trade. There were thousands of them along the border employing hundreds of thousands of workers from the interior of Mexico. We met with union organizers and human rights leaders who gave us the horror stories. Most impressive was Berta Frente Autentico del Trabajo Lujan of the Frente (Authentic Labor Front) Autentico del Trabajo (Authentic Labor jobs, which for them was better than anything Front), an independent available in their home states. union trying to organize the factories along the border. The Being on the border in El Paso-Ciudad Juarez drove maquiladoras were home our binational cultural reality and history as lucrative profit Chicanos. Congressman Torres was a case in point. Berta Lujan centers for US On the weekend we arrived he asked permission for Frente Autentico del Trabajo corporations that he and his wife to leave the group and take care of (Authentic Labor Front) utilized mostly female some personal business. As it turns out Torres workers, denied labor brother lived in Juarez. Knowing he was headed to rights, and stimulated Juarez with SVRI Torres did a search for him. Torres undocumented migration to the US as the migrant father was deported in the 1930’s during President workforce quickly tired of low wages and opted for Roosevelt’s infamous “Great Repatriation” that higher (though still low) wages as “undocumented expelled half of all Mexicans (US citizens included) workers” in the US. in the US, splitting his family irrevocably. His reunion with his brother was their first meeting in forty years! On other hand there was an over-supply of Mexican migrant labor for the maquiladoras. Poor workers and farmers from rural villages were increasingly Our group concluded that the maquiladora losing their livelihoods as recent Mexican phenomenon was part of an exploitative cycle that government policies were squeezing small farms and would only be deepened if a “corporate” NAFTA was cutting subsidies to corn and beans -the food staples approved. The next day we flew to Mexico City. of the poor. These campesinos mostly from central and southern Mexico rushed to take the maquiladora PAGE !4 BINATIONAL TALES, VIGNETTE 7 SEPTEMBER 4, 2018 Mexico with States Upon arriving in Mexico City our group split in two: half went west to Michoacan state and half went north to Guanajuato state. In Michoacan our meeting with Governor Cuauhtemoc Cardenas went well.
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