Early History of St Rita’s 1885 - 1960 Version 1 - 2013 PART III – founding charism and traditions: the Sisters of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. NANO NAGLE Nano Nagle (christened Honora) was born in 1718 of a long- standing Catholic family at Ballygriffin near Mallow in North Cork. Her home lay in the beautiful valley of the Blackwater backed by the Nagle Mountains to the south. Her father was Garret Nagle, a wealthy landowner in the area; her mother, Ann Mathews, was from an equally prominent family in Co. Tipperary. Like others of the old Catholic gentry, the Nagles had managed to hold on to most of their land and wealth during the era of the Penal Laws in the eighteenth century. Edmund Burke, the famous parliamentaria n and orator, who was a relative of Nano Nagle on his mother's side, and had spent his early years in Ballygriffin, described those laws in one trenchant sentence: "Their declared object was to reduce the Catholics in Ireland to a miserable populace, without property, without estimation, without education" The Penal Laws made it unlawful to open a Catholic school at home, and at the same time, forbade them to travel overseas for their education. Nano had to go to a hedge school for her primary education. While the "hedge school" label suggests the classes always took place outdoors next to a hedgerow, classes were sometimes held in a house or barn. A hedgerow is a line of closely spaced shrubs and tree species, planted and trained to form a barrier or to separate a road from adjoining fields or one field from another. The Nagles also had a branch of the family who were merchants in Cork city, with strong connections on the Continent, particularly in France. It was through these channels that Nano and her Sister Ann were able to travel to Paris, smuggled, perhaps, in a cargo ship, where they received a full Catholic education and also enjoyed a sophisticated life in French society. But there they also saw the plight of the poor, as a memoir records. Her "stay in the midst of Irish Parisian society was brief, but during this time an incident took place which has become a classic episode in the Presentation story. One morning the charming, wealthy, and beautiful Miss Nagle was returning from an all-night ball. As her carriage rattled over the cobblestones of a silent street, she saw a small group of poor working people waiting in front of a church for the door to open for early Mass. The contrast between their useful lives and her own empty one devoted to pleasure made a lasting impression on the girl of twenty-two". After their father's death, she and her sister, Ann, returned to Ireland and went to live with their mother in Dublin, where they also found widespread poverty. When Nano discovered that her sister Ann had given away a valuable piece of silk to relieve a distressed family, it set her thinking about how she herself might serve the poor. Between 1746 and 1748 Nano's life was marked by grief. Having returned to Ireland to be with her family, she now had to endure the death of both her parents and her beloved sister Ann. Nano returned to Paris and entered a convent. During her time in the convent Nano struggled with the problem of what to do about the poor in Ireland. She prayed, she consulted and she sought advice from her spiritual director. He told her that to instruct poor children in Ireland was doubtless the object of Nano's vocation. She went back to Cork, where her brother Joseph lived, to set up her first little school for the poor, modelled on the "petites écoles" she had seen in France, in a rented mud cabin in Cove Lane, in defiance of the law, and in complete secrecy at first, even from her brother. Her secret was soon discovered by him, as she described in a letter to a friend: "This passed on very well until one day a poor man came to him, begging to speak to me to take his child into my school. On which he came to his wife and me, laughing at the conceit of a man who thought I was in the situation of a school mistress. Then I owned up that I had set up a school.” Her brother was very angry with her at first, because of the risks involved, but later became reconciled and gave her his full support. The first school in Cove Lane had about thirty children, all the poorest of the poor, in accordance with her purpose from the beginning. Support and pupils soon poured in; within a year the numbers had risen to two hundred: there were five schools for girls and two for boys. By the time of her death in 1784 she had set up a whole network of such schools in the city, with over four hundred pupils in seven parishes. To support them she used her own considerable wealth, inherited after the death of her uncle Joseph, and when even this ran out, she became a beggar on the streets, at times looking so poor that she was offered alms for herself by passing strangers! True to her own religious education the main aim of her schools was to provide a sound religious education that she would have learned in France. However, being a realist with her feet firmly on the ground, she did not neglect their need for a general education in the basic forms of reading, writing and simple arithmetic. With an eye to the practical, she introduced classes in needlework, lace-making, and other crafts, designed to enable them to learn their livelihood and to gain a foothold in society. To a large extent, in the absence of models for this kind of education in Ireland, Nano had to become an educator in her own right. Her abiding conviction: "We must prefer the schools to all others." To put her schools on a more lasting and more professional basis, she decided to bring Ursuline Sisters from France to teach in Cork. However, the Ursuline sisters were bound by their rule of Enclosure and would not leave their convent once they arrived. They wanted the children to come to them but the distances were too far for the children. By this time Nano’s money was soon gone but she did not take back the convent and school that she had provided for the Ursuline sisters. This led to her setting up her own congregation of religious sisters under a constitution suited to their special vocation of educating the poor. Thus was established, on Christmas Eve 1775, what was at first entitled "The Sisters of Charitable Instruction of the Sacred Heart of Jesus". This was later changed to become the "Presentation Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary" (PBVM), as they are still called. Nano was the Order's first superior, known officially as Miss Nagle under the Penal Laws which still prevailed. Her sisters in religion were called Nano's Walking Nuns. She herself was to become famous as the Lady with the Lantern. Nano's heart was always centred on the poor and her work did not end with the end of class in her schools; it continued in her visits to the poor in their homes in the back streets of Cork. Dr. Coppinger, her first biographer, described her on those rounds: "How often have we seen her, after a well-spent day, returning through the darkness of the night, dripping with rain, mingled in the busy crowd, move thoughtfully along by the faint glimmering of a wretched lantern." Her lantern has now become the symbol of the Presentation Sisters all over the world. All this was sustained by her deep spirituality and her long hours spent on her knees in prayer. It was only after her death, when they were p reparing her for burial, that this was revealed, as Dr. Coppinger records: "In paying the last attention to her dead body, they found that her knees had long been in a state of ulceration". In her life, as in death, she showed all the marks of sanctity, thus fulfilling the prophetic words of her father who said of his favourite daughter, 'Poor Nano will yet be a saint'. She died on Monday the 26th of April 1784, aged sixty five years, surrounded by her little community, consisting of Sisters Elizabeth Burke, Mary Fouhy and Mary Ann Collins . Her last message to them was: "Love one another as you have hitherto done. Spend your lives for the poor." Two years before her death, in 1782, Catholics were allowed to open their first schools in Ireland since 1695. Nano's 'little schools' had now emerged from the shadows; her vision had become a reality. Single-handedly she had laid foundations of an educational system, which was to inspire Blessed Edmund Rice, founder of the Presentation and Christian Brothers, and a number of valiant women such as Mary Aikenhead and the Sisters of Charity, Catherine McCauley and her Sisters of Mercy to establish their own schools during the following century. SPREAD OF CONGREGATION Nano founded her congregation in Cork in 1775 with three other sisters: Elizabeth Burke, Mary Fouhy and Mary Ann Collins . From such small beginnings, the Presentation Sisters spread to many towns in Ireland and around the world. The growth of the Congregation has often been described as similar to the growth of an acorn until it finally develops as an oak tree.