THE AGES DIGITAL LIBRARY REFERENCE CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE M - Pythian Games by James Strong & John McClintock To the Students of the Words, Works and Ways of God: Welcome to the AGES Digital Library. We trust your experience with this and other volumes in the Library fulfills our motto and vision which is our commitment to you: MAKING THE WORDS OF THE WISE AVAILABLE TO ALL — INEXPENSIVELY. AGES Software Rio, WI USA Version 1.0 © 2000 2 M Maarath For this site Mr. Tyrwhitt Drake proposes (Quar. Statement of the "Pal. Explor. Fund," April 1874, page 76) the Mons Mardes where St. Euthymius found ruins (Acta Sanctorum, 2:306), now Khirbet Mird, near Mar Saba, on a round, isolated hill, containing the remains of an aqueduct, wells, and cisterns (Memoirs to the Ordnance Survey, 3:212); but Lieut. Conder suggests (Quar. Statement, January 1875, page 13) an ancient site near Beit Ainum, where a valley has the corresponding Arabic name, Wady el-Moghair. This latter ruin is laid down on the Ordnance Map, two miles north-east of Hebron, without any name attached. Later, however, Lieut. Conder suggests (Tent Work, 2:338) Beit Ummar, six miles north of Hebron, probably the Betumair of Eusebius (Onomast. s.v. Baalthamar). It is "a small but conspicuous village, standing on the watershed, and visible from some distance on the north. An ancient road passes through it. Halfa mile north-east is a good spring, Ain Kufin. The mosque has a small tower to it. The surrounding neighborhood is covered with brushwood" (Memoirs to Ordnance Survey, 3:303). Mab in poetic art, is queen of the fairies (q.v.). Macarians SEE MACARIUS EGYPTUS, and SEE MACARIUS OF ALEXANDRIA. Macarites is the name of a Jewish sect, whose, founder is believed to have been Benjamin Nahavendi (q.v.), a Karaite, who flourished about the opening of the 9th century. Their most peculiar doctrine was that God is too elevated to reveal himself directly to man, and that revelation was therefore made by messenger — an angel, a vice-god. If the Bible speaks of God's manifestation to man, it refers, they held, to the manifestation of the divine being in the person of his messenger who was the first being God created. This angel was the creator of the world, not God himself. (Quite like the evolution theory in our day, advocated by Mivart, who likewise holds that 3 God was only indirectly the creator of the world.) In this and many other respects the Macarites much resemble the Mohammedan sect of Motazalites. See Furst, Gesch. d. Karaerthums, 2:26: sq.; Rule, Karaites, pages 105, 109; Gratz, Gesch. d. Juden,. 5:230 sq., 518 sq. Macassar (and Bugis) Version Of The Scriptures The Bugis and the Macassar dialects are the most prevalent of those spoken among the various native states comprised in the large island of Celebes. They both resemble the Malayan; the Bugis being the most cultured of the two, and possessing a separate alphabet. A translation in each of these dialects was begun by Dr. Leyden about the year 1810, but lived only to complete the version of the gospel of Mark, which has never been printed. In 1849 Dr. Mathes was sent out by the Netherlands Society to Celebes to study these languages, but the result has not transpired. See Bible of Every Land, page 374. Macbeth a Scotch prelate, was probably bishop of Ross about 1126. He died in 1128. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 184. Macdonald, James Madison, D.D. a Congregational minister, was born at Limerick, Maine, May 22, 1812. In 1828 he entered Bowdoin College, but at the end of two years removed to Union College, Schenectady, entered the junior class, and was graduated with high honor in 1832. He then spent a year in the theological seminary at Bangor, Maine, and thence to Yale Divinity School, graduating in 1835. He was licensed to preach, August 6, 1834, and ordained pastor of the Third Congregational Church of Berlin, Connecticut, known as the parish of Worthington, April 1, 1835. In 1837 he accepted a call to the recently formed Second Congregational Church in New London; in 1841 to the Presbyterian Church at Jamaica, L.I.; in 1850 to the Fifteenth Street Church in New York city; in 1853 he was installed as pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Princeton; N.J., and here he continued over twenty- two years. He died April 19, 1876. Dr. Macdonald was a man of untiring industry. In a high degree his ministrations were able, varied, and evangelical. As a preacher he was solid, dignified, instructive, earnest, and tender. He published a number of his sermons at various times, also about six volumes, among which the best known is My Father's House; or, The 4 Heaven of the Bible. His greatest and most valuable work appeared since his decease, The Life and Writings of St. John. See Necrol. Report of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1877, page 9: MacCaghwell (Lat. Cavellus), Hugh an Irish Franciscan of the 17th century, studied at Salamanca, and lectured at Louvain. Urban VIII appointed him archbishop of Armagh and primate of Ireland. He died September 22, 1626, in the fifty-fifth year of his age. He wrote, Scoti Commentaria in Quatuor Libros Sentt. ( Antwerp, 1620, 3 volumes): — Apologia Apologien Scoti contra Nic. Jansenium (Paris, 1623): — Duo Tractatus pro Tuenda Observantia (ibid. 1622). See Chalmers, Biog. Dict. s.v.; Jeiler, in Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-Lexikon, s.v. (B.P.) Macfarlane, John, LL.D. a Scotch Presbyterian minister, was born at Dunfermline, Fifeshire, in 1807. He was licensed to preach in 1830, and the following vear was ordained to the pastorate of the Secession congregation of Kincardine-on- Forth. In 1840 he was called to Glasgow, where he remained till 1861, when he removed to London. Here he labored most faithfully and with much success for twelve years. He died February 7, 1875. As a preacher Dr. Macfarlane was powerful, eloquent, and attractive; as a writer he was able and ready. His works are, Jubilee of the World: — Christian Missions to the Heathen (Glasgow, 1842):Mountains of the Bible (2d ed. 1850; 3d ed. 1856): — The Night Lamp (1850, 1851, 1853 ): — The Hiding-Place (1852; 3d ed. 1854): — Why Weepest Thou? (1854). See The (Lond.) Evangelical Magazine, June 1875, page 343, Allibone, Dict. of Brit. and Amer. Authors, s.v. Machaerus Picture for Machaerus 1 Picture for Machaerus 2 This place, represented by the modern Makaur, is fully described by Tristram (Land of Moab, page 271 sq.). The fortress stands on a round hill at the eastern end of a narrow and isolated ridge, on which the inhabited city must have been built. It is very different in character from any other ruins in Moab. Nothing remains but a few courses of stones above the 5 foundations. But the whole building material has been collected by the hand of man into one prodigious mass on the crest of the ridge, where it remains in wild desolation, a monument of the vengeance taken by the Roman legions against the last desperate patriots of the Jewish revolts. The outline of the fortress may still be traced very clearly, and in it two dungeons, one of them deep, and its sides scarcely broken in. One of them must have been the prison-house of the Baptist. MacHale SEE MCHALE. Machatus, Saint a Scotch prelate, was bishop of the Isles in 498 and 518. To this saint there are many churches dedicated in Scotland. See Keith, Scottish Bishops, page 295. Machazor SEE MACHZOR. Machir Of Toledo who flourished towards the end of the 14th century, is the author of lkwr tqba, or an eschatology of Judaism, in three parts-the first. treats of the sufferings in the Messianic time, of the advent of the Messiah, resurrection, last judgment, and world to come; the second treats of reward and punishment, paradise and hell; the third of the oral law (Rimini, 1526 and often); a Judaeo-German translation appeared at Fuirth in 1691, and the first part was translated into Latin by Hulsius, Tractatus de Messia (reprinted in his Theologia Judaica, Breda, 1653). See Furst, Bibl. Jud. 2:285; De' Rossi, Dizionario Storico (Germ, transl.), page 190 sq.; and his Bibliotheca Judaica Antichristiana, page 61. (B.P.) Mack, Martin Joseph a Roman Catholic theologian of Germany, was born February 17, 1805. In 1832 he was professor of New-Test, exegesis at Tublngen, and in 1839-40 rector magnificus of the university. His publication of Die Einsegnung der gemischten Ehen (Tubingen, 1840) brought him in conflict with the government. He was deposed from his office, and relegated to the 6 Ziegelbach parish in Wiirtemberg. He died September 24, 1885, leaving, Bericht uber Strauss' kritische Bearbeitung des Lebens Jesu (Tubingen, 1837): — Commentar uber die Pastoral briefe des Apostels Paulus (2d ed. 1841). See Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. 1:552. (B.P.) Mack, William, D.D. a Presbyterian minister, was born at Flushing, L.I., July 29, 1807. He graduated from Union College, Schenectady, in 1831, and from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1834. He was licensed by the Presbytery of New York, February 4 of that year; ordained at Rochester, February 5, 1835; and subsequently was pastor at Knoxville and Columbia, Tennessee. In 1858 he became a voluntary evangelist, devoting half his time to the Presbytery of Columbia, and the other half beyond its bounds. From the time of the division of the General Assembly, in 1861, he adhered to the southern portion. He was for some time president of Jackson College at Columbia.