DOCSLIB.ORG

Analyzing Parliamentary Debates on the Regional Parliaments 1999-2009 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES in EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY and SOCIAL RESEARCH 528

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analyzing Parliamentary Debates on the Regional Parliaments 1999-2009 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES in EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY and SOCIAL RESEARCH 528 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 528 Ratih D. Adiputri Political Culture in the Indonesian Parliament Analyzing Parliamentary Debates on the Regional Parliaments 1999-2009 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 528 Ratih D. Adiputri Political Culture in the Indonesian Parliament Analyzing Parliamentary Debates on the Regional Parliaments 1999-2009 Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston yhteiskuntatieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Historica-rakennuksen salissa H320 elokuun 15. päivänä 2015 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Jyväskylä, in building Historica, hall H320, on August 15, 2015 at 12 o’clock noon. UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2015 Political Culture in the Indonesian Parliament Analyzing Parliamentary Debates on the Regional Parliaments 1999-2009 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 528 Ratih D. Adiputri Political Culture in the Indonesian Parliament Analyzing Parliamentary Debates on the Regional Parliaments 1999-2009 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2015 Editors Jussi Kotkavirta Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Ville Korkiakangas Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä URN:ISBN:978-951-39-6248-7 ISBN 978-951-39-6248-7 (PDF) ISBN 978-951-39-6247-0 (nid.) ISSN 0075-4625 Copyright © 2015, by University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä University Printing House, Jyväskylä 2015 ABSTRACT Adiputri, Ratih D. Political Culture in the Indonesian Parliament: Analyzing parliamentary debates on the regional parliaments 1999-2009 Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2015, 246 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research, ISSN 0075-4625; 528) ISBN 978-951-39-6247-0 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6248-7 (PDF) The purpose of my research is to study the political culture in the Indonesian parliament, the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) through an analysis of parlia- mentary procedure and debates on bills related to the regional parliaments, the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRDs) in the timeframe of 1999 - 2009. The study looks at the parliamentary minutes and legislative procedures and analyzes the language used in parliamentary debates. The study offers an analysis of the Indonesian concepts of parliament, at both the national and re- gional levels. I argue that the distinctive features of the parliaments have been shaped by Indonesian political culture and by the legislative process. The re- sults highlight distinctive features of Indonesian parliamentary culture: the fo- rum-style of parliament; the seeking of an acceptable compromise in the delib- eration process; legislation based on discussion; and different parliamentary features and traditions that shape the vague concept yet the ideal format of the regional parliaments. These combine to emphasize the elite status of the DPR as an institution and the important role of its leaders. This only confirms that par- liamentary procedure in the DPR is still influenced by the legacy of the previ- ous authoritarian regimes, especially in the legislative process. This research is limited to a timeframe of one decade, 1999 - 2009, and 3 DPR periods: 1999; 1999 - 2004; and 2004 - 2009. The timeframe includes years when the parliament was under the authoritarian regime, the transition era, and the move towards democratization. The DPR’s role in Indonesian democratization, as a par- liament in a time of transition, is important, an importance that can also be seen in comparable cases in other countries that I discuss here, Malaysia and South Korea. The use of parliamentary debates as research material sheds new light on the de- mocratization process in Indonesia. The legislative processes of each law that I ex- amine here are outlined on the basis of the relevant documentation. The research emphasizes that the political culture of parliament played a significant role in the forms the democratization process took, and offers a new interpretation of the failure of the DPRDs as regional parliaments. Although Indonesia has taken steps towards democratization in its political system, for the break with the authoritarian order to be fully realized, parliamentary pro- cedures and practices need to be reformed. Keywords: Indonesia, political culture, DPR, DPRD, parliamentary debate, parliamentary procedure, legislative process, rhetoric, democratization. Author’s address Ratih D. Adiputri Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy P.O.Box 35 (Ylistönmäki 33), University of Jyväskylä [email protected] Supervisors Professor Kari Palonen Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy University of Jyväskylä Professor Pekka Korhonen Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy University of Jyväskylä Reviewers Professor Timo Kaartinen University of Helsinki Senior Lecturer Heino Nyyssönen University of Tampere Opponent Professor R. William Liddle The Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Publishing this thesis shows not only that I am finally finishing my doctoral research, the highest education degree that I could ever have hoped to achieve, but also the length of time I have been living in Finland. We, my husband and I, took the road less travelled when we decided to leave our home country and re- signed from our permanent jobs in order to be able to live together in this cold foreign country. It was a hard decision to make but it has been worth it. Of course, the decision was not without a plan: I had a four year work contract so we knew that we were going to be fine, at least financially, for that time. It was also driven by the human instinct to have a better life, as well as the temptation to experience the new adventure that we knew we would not get if we contin- ued along the same road in Indonesia. Our daughter’s education also contribut- ed to the decision to move. The fact that Finland offers good education, even the best in the world, encouraged us to move here. It was indeed a sensible decision, as after 5 years we are happy that our daughter is growing into a happy talent- ed little girl, with musical skills and skating hobbies - activities that are relative- ly so much easier when practiced in Finland! Writing about Indonesian politics and in particular its parliaments is based on my 10 years of personal experience working in the secretariat of the Indonesian parliament and on parliamentary projects. A remark once said, that one way to understand one’s own country’s political system is to get outside it and then to look back critically, is definitely true in my case. I understand much better the system in the Indonesian parliament now that I am no longer work- ing there. But at the same time, all the traditions and procedures in the Indone- sian parliament that I encountered as a part of my normal daily routine before have become a valuable source of information in my academic research, as can be seen in this study. I could not have got this far without the support and encouragement of many people. Special thanks are owed to both my supervisors, Prof. Kari Palo- nen and Prof. Pekka Korhonen. I am so grateful to have had them as my super- visors. Kari believed from the very beginning that I could do this research. I am indebted to him for his quick response, valuable discussion, and meticulous detail in reading my papers - the best kind of support that a student could re- ceive from a supervisor. Pekka helped me framing the problems of the thesis and sharpened my arguments with his experience of Asia and its politics. His concern with my English motivated me to write as clearly as possible; obviously, there is still room for improvement in this respect. Pekka is also the first person who introduced me to the Finnish way of life when I came to Finland for the first time in early 2009, and this has enabled me to survive better ever since. Ka- ri and Pekka helped make my life easier in many ways, with the Finnish bu- reaucracy, grant applications, and excellent letters of recommendation. Without their constant support, academically and financially, obviously this thesis would not have been possible. I also thank my reviewers, Prof. Timo Kaartinen and Heino Nyyssönen, who gave positive feedback on how to improve the manuscript. The University of Jyväskylä’s Department of Social Sciences and Philoso- phy has provided a supportive academic environment and I am happy to be part of it. I thank all my colleagues there for their support and encouragement, and for their efforts to make my life and work easier, especially the PhD team under Kari’s supervision: Anna Björk, Taru Haapala, Hanna-Mari Kivistö, Anna Kronlund, Onni Pekonen, and Evgeny Roschin; and to Eira Juntti, Anitta Ka- nanen, Prof. Marja Keränen, Anu Kettunen, Katja Mäkinen, Salla Pykälämäki, Jouni Tilli, and Rasa Zakeviciute, colleagues in the department. They helped my work in many ways, including reading my papers and Finnish language home- work, or sharing everyday life stories and Finnish life in friendly ways. Thank you, guys! My special thanks also go to Budiarto Herman, a master’s degree graduate (mobile technology) of the University of Jyväskylä, who also comes from Indo- nesia. Budi helped me with the figures and data management for this thesis. To my best friend, Eila Romo-Murphy and her family, thank you for our friendship and our times together both in Finland and in Indonesia. You are always inspirational and special for us. Your help
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indonesia Beyond Reformasi: Necessity and the “De-Centering” of Democracy
    INDONESIA BEYOND REFORMASI: NECESSITY AND THE “DE-CENTERING” OF DEMOCRACY Leonard C. Sebastian, Jonathan Chen and Adhi Priamarizki* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION: TRANSITIONAL POLITICS IN INDONESIA ......................................... 2 R II. NECESSITY MAKES STRANGE BEDFELLOWS: THE GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC CONTEXT FOR DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA .................... 7 R III. NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ................... 12 R A. What Necessity Inevitably Entailed: Changes to Defining Features of the New Order ............. 12 R 1. Military Reform: From Dual Function (Dwifungsi) to NKRI ......................... 13 R 2. Taming Golkar: From Hegemony to Political Party .......................................... 21 R 3. Decentralizing the Executive and Devolution to the Regions................................. 26 R 4. Necessary Changes and Beyond: A Reflection .31 R IV. NON NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ............. 32 R A. After Necessity: A Political Tug of War........... 32 R 1. The Evolution of Legislative Elections ........ 33 R 2. The Introduction of Direct Presidential Elections ...................................... 44 R a. The 2004 Direct Presidential Elections . 47 R b. The 2009 Direct Presidential Elections . 48 R 3. The Emergence of Direct Local Elections ..... 50 R V. 2014: A WATERSHED ............................... 55 R * Leonard C. Sebastian is Associate Professor and Coordinator, Indonesia Pro- gramme at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of In- ternational Studies, Nanyang Technological University,
    [Show full text]
  • “Liberal Democracy” in Yogyakarta Special Regions of Indonesia
    Local Politics and Local Identity: Resistance to “Liberal Democracy” in Yogyakarta Special Regions Of Indonesia A Thesis Submitted To the Graduate Devision of The University Of Hawai’i at Mānoa in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Of Master of Arts In Political Science August, 2012 By David Efendi Thesis Committee: Ehito Kimura, Chairperson Benedict J. Kerkvliet Nevzat Soguk Keywords: Transitional Politics, Liberal Democracy, Social Movement, Everyday Politics DEDICATION For my beloved son: Iqra Garda Nusantara i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “There is no time to rest before grassroots politics becomes a well-established field of study in Indonesian political discourse. It is my dream to see this happen soon after my graduation from the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, USA.” I have been blessed with a great opportunity, and I deeply owe a debt of gratitude to the people of Yogyakarta who have inspired me to study local and grassroots politics. Yogyakarta, as the center of Javanese culture, was an ideal location to study everyday politics, and the creativity of the people of Yogyakarta impressed me during my field research. The movement against the Dutch in Yogyakarta is a manifestation of Javanese ideology called “Manunggaling Kawulo lan Gusti,” meaning the people and the King aer united. It was inspiring for me to learn more about the recent movement in Yogyakarta under the banner of defending the special status of this region as part of the decentralization and democratization project led by the central government. The Pisowanan Agung (The Great Mass Gathering), which was attended by millions of Yogyakartans in 1998, clearly showed the solidarity of the people and the King.
    [Show full text]
  • Unfulfilled Promises
    Unfulfilled Promises Achieving Justice for Crimes Against Humanity in East Timor November 2004 CIJ C OALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL J USTICE Unfulfilled Promises Achieving Justice for Crimes Against Humanity in East Timor November 2004 © 2004 by the Open Society Institute and the Coalition for International Justice. All rights reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 8 EAST TIMOR’S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE............................................ 11 Portuguese Withdrawal and Indonesian Invasion..................................................... 11 International culpability.............................................................................................. 15 The transition to independence and the events of 1999 ............................................. 16 THE INDONESIAN AD HOC HUMAN RIGHTS COURT...................................... 19 Background ................................................................................................................. 19 Prosecution – Unable and Unwilling ......................................................................... 21 Prosecutorial incapacity.......................................................................................... 22 Lack of political will................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 12–7–04 Vol. 69 No. 234 Tuesday Dec. 7, 2004 Pages 70537–70870
    12–7–04 Tuesday Vol. 69 No. 234 Dec. 7, 2004 Pages 70537–70870 VerDate jul 14 2003 20:13 Dec 06, 2004 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\07DEWS.LOC 07DEWS i II Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 234 / Tuesday, December 7, 2004 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office PUBLIC of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Subscriptions: Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Committee of the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and (Toll-Free) Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest. Paper or fiche 202–741–6005 Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 202–741–6005 Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the issuing agency requests earlier filing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Preliminary Damage and Loss Assessment
    FOREWORD The December 26 earthquake and tsunami devastated the lives of millions of people, leaving a wake of destruction from Asia to Africa. This was the worst natural disaster in Indonesia’s history, and Aceh and North Sumatra suffered the most. Over 110,000 people lost their lives, an estimated 700,000 people were displaced, and many orphaned. The scale of the damages to the local economy, infrastructure, and administration were unprecedented. In an instant, the livelihoods and security of hundreds of thousands of the survivors were ruined. But this tragedy has galvanized the humanitarian spirit in Indonesia and throughout the world. While it is impossible to replace the loses from this truly horrific event – the Government of Indonesia, along with the support of the international community, is prepared to take on the challenges of reconstruction. Ultimately this task is less about replacing physical assets than it is about rebuilding livelihoods and communities. This can only happen by developing a credible and inclusive recovery plan, relying on a bottom-up participatory approach that truly captures the aspirations and vision of the people of Aceh and North Sumatra. The Government of Indonesia’s response to the immediate needs of the relief efforts has been swift and effective. As this critical work makes the transition to reconstruction, and the communities begin to recover from the initial shock and face the future, a comprehensive strategy is needed to help guide the reconstruction process. This report, Indonesia: Preliminary Damage and Loss Assessment, presents an initial assessment of the impact in terms of damages and losses to Indonesia of this huge natural disaster.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsuinfo Alert, August 2007
    Contents Volume 9, Number 4 August 2007 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Special features Departments Opinion: Plea for effective emergency management 1 Hazard mitigation news 10 Tsunami evacuation drill, Samoa, California 3 Publications 13 Tsunamis on the North Coast of Papua New Guinea 4 Websites 15 Caribbean countries learn about tsunami warning system 8 Conferences/seminars/symposium 16 Artificial waves will put little “Seaside” to test 9 State Emergency Management offices 9 Book review 17 Material added to NTHMP Library 19 Stop Disasters game 17 IAQ 23 WSSPC awards in excellence 18 Video reservations 24 California town bans tsunamis 21 NTHMP Steering Group 21 Tsunami signs 22 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ OPINION: Plea for effective emergency management Kenya: A 'Tsunami' State Yet It Has Only One Working Kit Posted to the web 19 July 2007; http://allafrica.com/stories/200707190835.html By Kipkoech Tanui, The Standard Managing Editor, Weekend Editions (Nairobi) Reprinted with permission The common denominator to the disasters that strike our country is that they always get us flatfooted. Our rapid-fire 10 tremors in seven days got the same reception as the August, 1998 terrorist bomb. The fault lines are many - the Great Rift Valley is itself the home of many physical features that, though described as dormant volcanoes, are products of the violent natural phenomenon. They are offshoots of magma, 100 times hotter than the porridge that often scalds our throats, that melts rocks on its way. They include the spectacular Menengai and Longonot craters. The swathes of black pumice rocks, which many of us who have no appointments with pedicurists use to scrap the ugly lumps on the sole of the feet, are evidence of the fire that, ages ago, swept through our land.
    [Show full text]
  • 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
    Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search Wikipedia 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 3.316°N 95.854°E Main page The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake Contents 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off Featured content the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The shock had Current events a moment magnitude of 9.1–9.3 and a maximum Random article Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The undersea Donate to Wikipedia megathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Wikipedia store Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and Interaction triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the Help coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian About Wikipedia Ocean, killing 230,000–280,000 people in 14 Community portal countries, and inundating coastal communities with Aceh in Indonesia, the most devastated region Recent changes waves up to 30 metres (100 ft) high. It was one of the struck by the tsunami Contact page deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Date 26 December 2004[1] Tools Indonesia was the hardest-hit country, followed by Sri Origin 00:58:53 UTC time 07:58:53 WIB What links here Lanka, India, and Thailand. Related changes Magnitude 9.1–9.3 M [2] It is the third-largest earthquake ever recorded on a w Upload file Depth 30 km (19 mi)[1] seismograph and had the longest duration of faulting Special pages Epicenter 3.316°N 95.854°E[1] open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com Special pages [1] [9] Epicenter 3.316°N 95.854°E Permanent link ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aceh Case
    Asia Security Initiative Policy Series Working Paper No. 21 October 2012 Security sector governance (SSG) and conflict management in Indonesia: The Aceh case Rizal Sukma Executive Director Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Jakarta Indonesia Asia Security Initiative Policy Series: Working Papers i Abstract This paper examines the evolution of security sector governance (SSG) in Indonesia, focusing in particular on the effects of security sector reform (SSR) on the management of the secessionist conflicts in the country. It discusses the military’s use of force as an instrument of conflict management in the years immediately following Indonesia’s Independence, arguing that while it is possible to suppress conflicts through military force, such a strategy brings about several problems. The underlying causes of the conflicts may remain unaddressed, and military impunity could increase. These could lead to rising resentment, and eventually escalation of conflicts, as occurred in Indonesia in the late 1990s. This paper argues that to resolve such conflicts, SSR is vital, and it illustrates this through the case of Aceh as an instance of successful resolution of conflict achieved against a backdrop of reform of the military sector. This Policy Series presents papers in a preliminary form and serves to stimulate comment and discussion. The views expressed are entirely the author’s own and not that of the RSIS Centre for Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Studies. The paper is the result of research conducted under the Asia Security Initiative programme on internal challenges supported by the MacArthur Foundation. Visit www.asicluster3.com to find out more about this initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized FOREWORD The December 26 earthquake and tsunami devastated the lives of millions of people, leaving a wake of destruction from Asia to Africa. This was the worst natural disaster in Indonesia’s history, and Aceh and North Sumatra suffered the most. Over 110,000 people lost their lives, an estimated 700,000 people were displaced, and many orphaned. The scale of the damages to the local economy, infrastructure, and administration were unprecedented. In an instant, the livelihoods and security of hundreds of thousands of the survivors were ruined. But this tragedy has galvanized the humanitarian spirit in Indonesia and throughout the world. While it is impossible to replace the loses from this truly horrific event – the Government of Indonesia, along with the support of the international community, is prepared to take on the challenges of reconstruction. Ultimately this task is less about replacing physical assets than it is about rebuilding livelihoods and communities. This can only happen by developing a credible and inclusive recovery plan, relying on a bottom-up participatory approach that truly captures the aspirations and vision of the people of Aceh and North Sumatra. The Government of Indonesia’s response to the immediate needs of the relief efforts has been swift and effective. As this critical work makes the transition to reconstruction, and the communities begin to recover from the initial shock and face the future, a comprehensive strategy is needed to help guide the reconstruction process. This report, Indonesia: Preliminary Damage and Loss Assessment, presents an initial assessment of the impact in terms of damages and losses to Indonesia of this huge natural disaster.
    [Show full text]
  • One Nation Under God?
    "A slightly edited version of this manuscript was scheduled to appear in Religiosity in the Philippines and Indonesia: Essays on State, Society, and Public Creeds, ed. Theodore Friend (Washington, DC: Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, 2005)." ONE NATION UNDER GOD? HISTORY, FAITH, AND IDENTITY IN AMERICA INDONESIA∗ Donald K. Emmerson APARC ENCINA E-301 616 SERRA STREET STANFORD CA 94305-6055 tel 650-724-6403 fax 650 723 6530 email <[email protected]> [Submitted to Session II, “Islam and Politics,” 12 September 2004, “French and U.S. Approaches to Understanding Islam,” a conference sponsored by the France-Stanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, Stanford University, 12-14 September 2004.] “One nation, one people, one language, one religion?” Definitely not. The nationalist authors of the Youth Oath of 1928 left religion off their list of things they simultaneously claimed “Indonesia” was, hoped it would be, and pledged to see it become—one country with a single people united by the same Indonesian language. In 1928 the only plausible candidate for a national religion was Islam. Its adherents formed a vast majority in the Netherlands Indies. They do so today in the colony’s successor—the Republic of Indonesia. According to census data, Muslim predominance stood at 87.5 percent in 1971 and 88.2 percent in 2000, while Christians in those years, respectively, were pegged at 7.4 and 8.9 percent of the population, with even smaller percentages assigned to Hindus (1.9 and 1.8), Buddhists (0.9 and 0.8), and “Others” (1.4 and 0.2).1 Indonesian Islam underwent a resurgence in the late 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • GRADUATE RESEARCH SERIES PHD DISSERTATION Publication Series of UNU-EHS Vol
    GRADUATE RESEARCH SERIES PHD DISSERTATION Publication Series of UNU-EHS vol. 5 UNU-EHS Copyright UNU-EHS 2012 The views expressed in this ISBN: 978-3-939923-56-5 Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10 Cover Photo: iStockphoto publication are those of the e-ISBN: 978-3-939923-57-2 53113 Bonn, Germany Cover Design: Andrea Wendeler author(s). Publication does ISSN: 2077-737X Tel.: + 49-228-815-0200 Layout: Leppelt Grafik & Druck not imply endorsement by Printed at Druckerei Fax: + 49-228-815-0299 Copy Editor: Anchor English UNU-EHS or the United Paffenholz, Bonn, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Proofreading: Katharina Brach Nations University of any May 2012 www.ehs.unu.edu of the views expressed. 250 print run This dissertation was first published at http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/2010/2227/2227.htm in July 2010. For publication in the UNU-EHS Graduate Research Series, the document was slightly revised.. II About the author Denis Chang Seng is currently working with the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) in the scope of a collaborative project with the German Committee for Disaster Reduc- tion (DKKV) focusing on adaptive Disaster Risk Reduc- tion (DRR) in the light of climate change. Earlier he provided expertise knowledge to DKKV and the United Denis Chang Seng Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) towards a report on “Emerging Challenges for Early Warning Systems” in the context of climate change and urbanization. Denis Chang Seng is a specialist in the areas of climate science, climate change adaptation (CCA), in- stitutions and governance of disaster risk preparedness and early warning systems (EWSs).
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Rehabilitation in Indonesia Degradation That Concern Local People
    Review of Forest Rehabilitation Rehabilitation activities in Indonesia have a long-history of more than three decades, implemented Lessons from the Past in more than 400 locations. Successful projects are characterised by the active involvement of local people, and the technical intervention used tailored to address the specific ecological causes of decades? after three to Where in Indonesia rehabilitation Forest degradation that concern local people. However, sustaining the positive impacts beyond the project time is still the biggest challenge. Rehabilitation efforts have been lagging behind the increasing rates of deforestation and land degradation. This has been largely due to the complexities of the driving factors causing the degradation, which neither projects nor other government programmes have been able to simultaneously address. Initially, the rehabilitation initiatives were responding to straightforward issues of natural disasters caused by the expansion of agriculture. Currently, there are more complex driving factors of deforestation to be dealt with, such as illegal logging and forest encroachment. Therefore, addressing the causes of deforestation and land degradation, which usually are also the continuing disturbances threatening sustainable rehabilitation activities, should be part of the project’s priorities. Sustainable rehabilitation initiatives depend on crucial factors: project design in ensuring multiplier effects can be generated; good forestry extension to ensure adoption by communities; enabled policy frameworks; well-planned funding mechanisms to effectively use the reforestation funds; and an effective mechanism to reconcile the land status before the project starts. Increasingly, communities are being expected to have greater roles in rehabilitation initiatives. Designing the right economic and social incentives then becomes important. Project derived economic and livelihood benefits, generated from ecological improvements, tend to sustain in the long-term more than the benefits from project-based economic opportunities.
    [Show full text]