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PROSTOR POSEBNI OTISAK/ SEPARAT 466-477 Znanstveni Prilozi Aleksandar Kadijeviæ

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PROSTOR POSEBNI OTISAK/ SEPARAT 466-477 Znanstveni Prilozi Aleksandar Kadijeviæ PROSTOR 19 [2011] 2 [42] ZNANSTVENI ÈASOPIS ZA ARHITEKTURU I URBANIZAM A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING SVEUÈILIŠTE POSEBNI OTISAK / SEPARAT OFFPRINT U ZAGREBU, ARHITEKTONSKI FAKULTET Znanstveni prilozi Scientific Papers UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB, FACULTY 466-477 Aleksandar Kadijeviæ Hrvatski arhitekti u izgradnji Croatian Architects in 20th Century OF ARCHITECTURE Beograda u 20. stoljeæu Architecture in Belgrade ISSN 1330-0652 Pregledni znanstveni èlanak Subject Reviews CODEN PORREV UDK 72.036(497.11 Beograd)”19” UDC 72.036(497.11 Beograd)”19” UDK | UDC 71/72 19 [2011] 2 [42] 281-542 7-12 [2011] Sl. 1. L. Horvat: Zavod za osiguranje radnika (dovršio Petar Gaèiæ), Nemanjina 2, 1929.-1931., prvobitni izgled (fotografija iz 1940.) Fig. 1 L. Horvat: Workers’ Insurance Office (complete by Petar Gaèiæ), 2 Nemanjina Street, 1929-31, original state (photo from 1940) Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers 19[2011] 2[42] PROSTOR 467 Aleksandar Kadijeviæ Filozofski fakultet Faculty of Philosophy Odeljenje za istoriju umetnosti Department of Art History Srbija - 11000 Beograd, Èika Ljubina 18-20 Srbija - 11000 Beograd, Èika Ljubina 18-20 Pregledni znanstveni èlanak Subject Review UDK 72.036(497.11 Beograd)”19” UDC 72.036(497.11 Beograd)”19” Tehnièke znanosti / Arhitektura i urbanizam Technical Sciences / Architecture and Urban Planning 2.01.04. - Povijest i teorija arhitekture 2.01.04 - History and Theory of Architecture i zaštita graditeljskog naslijeða and Preservation of the Built Heritage Èlanak primljen / prihvaæen: 12. 10. 2011. / 5. 12. 2011. Article Received / Accepted: 12. 10. 2011. / 5. 12. 2011. Hrvatski arhitekti u izgradnji Beograda u 20. stoljeæu Croatian Architects in 20th Century Architecture in Belgrade Beograd Belgrade hrvatski arhitekti Croatian architects 20. stoljeæe 20th century Meðu stranim arhitektima koji su tijekom 20. stoljeæa obogatili arhitekturu Among foreign architects who enriched the built heritage of Belgrade in the Beograda, uz ruske emigrante i èeške graditelje, s oko pet stotina zgrada pred- 20th century, the most numerous were those from Croatia, who conducted njaèili su projektanti iz Hrvatske. Istaknuli su se ponajprije u arhitekturi in- around five hundred building projects. They gained prominence in designing terpoliranih poslovno-stambenih zgrada, kao i u projektiranju administrativ- interpolated residential and commercial, and individual administrative and nih, ugostiteljskih, stambenih i rezidencijalnih zgrada. Izgradili su i tri kato- residential buildings, as well as hotels and restaurant facilities. They built lièke crkve i èetiri memorijalne cjeline. Aktivno su sudjelovali na natjeèajima za three Catholic churches and four memorial complexes. They also participated prestižne javne zgrade, èesto dobivajuæi nagrade s pravom na izvedbu. in architectural design competitions for prestigious public buildings. 468 PROSTOR 2[42] 19[2011] 466-477 A. KADIJEVIÆ Hrvatski arhitekti u izgradnji Beograda u 20. stoljeæu Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers UVOD u Kraljevu Bla ža Katušiæa, stambena trokat- nica u Nišu (1940.) predsjednika Kraljevske INTRODUCTION vlade Dra giše Cvetkoviæa (pripisana Dragi Ibleru i Dragi Galiæu), Vijeænica (1960.-1965.) u Panèevu Kazimira Ostrogoviæa, Dom kultu- re (1970.) u Èaèku Luje Schwerera, Muzej re- volucije (1959.-1970.) Ivana Vitiæa i Spomen- -zbirka Pavla Beljanskog (1961.) Ive Kurtoviæa u Novom Sadu.5 Zahvaljujuæi malobrojnim povjesnièarima, naj- znaèajnije su tekovine hrvatskih arhitekata u Beogradu i Zemunu6 evidentirane, datirane i atribuirane. Buduæi da je sveobuhvatno au- torsko atribuiranje graditeljskog fonda na širem beogradskom teritoriju nepotpuno pro- vedeno,7 ne èudi što je znatan broj zgrada koje su podigli hrvatski arhitekti ostao izvan opsega provedenih istraživanja. Nakon inicijalnoga preglednog èlanka Z. Ma- neviæa o hrvatsko-srpskim arhitektonskim sponama od 1912. do 1941. godine i izložba- ma jugoslavenske suvremene arhitekture,8 srpski povjesnièari nisu podrobnije analizirali dinamiku tih veza, veæ su obraæali pozornost na pojedine izvedbe i sporne atribucije. Bu- duæi da se Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kultu- re grada Beograda brine o manjem broju najznamenitijih zgrada hrvatskih arhitekata, rasporeðenih u zaštiæenim središnjim pred- jelima (Knez Mihailovoj ulici, Kopitarevoj gra- ao glavni grad Kraljevine Srbije (1882.- K dini i staroj jezgri Zemuna), kao i o jednom 1918.), Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca / koji je proglašen nepokretnim kulturnim do- Jugoslavije (1918.-1941.) i SFRJ (1945.-1991.), brom (Weissmannov Novinarski dom),9 pot- Beograd je tijekom 20. stoljeæa višestruko 1 punije osvjetljavanje njihova rada usmjerilo poveæao svoj graditeljski fond. Njegovi krup- bi pozornost konzervatora na preostali dio ni arhitektonsko-urbanistièki pothvati, podr- tih znaèajnih ostvarenja. žani domaæim i stranim kapitalom, privlaèili su graditelje iz razlièitih sredina. Uz svestra- ne ruske emigrante i produktivne èeške gra- 1 Bojoviæ, 2002.-2003.; Bogunoviæ, 2005. ditelje,2 kvalitetom realizacija prednjaèili su 2 Ðurðeviæ, Kadijeviæ, 2001.; Kadijeviæ, 2002.-2003.; Damljanoviæ, 2004. projektanti iz Hrvatske.3 Istaknuli su se po- 3 U tu skupinu pripadaju arhitekti hrvatske i srpske na- najprije u arhitekturi inter poliranih poslovno- cionalnosti (ukljuèujuæi i one iz mješovitih brakova), roðeni -stambenih zgrada, kao i u projektiranju ad- ili školovani u Hrvatskoj. ministrativnih, ugostiteljskih, stambenih i re- 4 Da bi se zaokružila slika o broju, rasporedu i arhitek- zidencijalnih zgrada. Izgradili su i tri katolièke tonsko-urbanistièkom znaèenju beogradskih djela hrvat- skih arhitekata, potrebno je pregledati graðu (tehnièku, crkve te èetiri memorijalne cjeline. Aktivno su pravnu i fotodokumentacijsku, autografe i memoarske sudjelovali na natjeèajima za prestižne javne bilješke, konzervatorske elaborate, novinske i povijesne zgrade, èesto dobivajuæi otkupe i nagrade s priloge) pohranjenu u veæem broju ustanova: Arhivu Srbi- pravom na realizaciju. je, Arhivu Jugoslavije, Istorijskom arhivu Beograda, Arhivu SANU, Muzeju grada Beograda, Muzeju Srpske pravoslav- Iako su se hrvatski arhitekti tijekom èitavog ne crkve, Muzeju nauke i tehnike, Muzeju primenjene umetnosti, Zavodu za zaštitu spomenika kulture grada 20. stoljeæa produktivno angažirali, popis Beograda, Republièkom zavodu za zaštitu spomenika kul- njihovih beogradskih ostvarenja nije do kraja ture, Narodnoj i Univerzitetskoj biblioteci, na Arhitekton- istražen, a ni cjelovito zaokružen. Na os novi skom i Filozofskom fakultetu, u Institutu za arhitekturu i dosadašnjeg uvida i utemeljenih pretpostav- urbanizam Srbije, Savezu arhitekata Srbije, Urbanistièkom zavodu Beograda, Arhitektonskoj sekciji ULUPUDS-a, he- ki može se govoriti o približno pet stotina merotekama dnevnih listova i planotekama arhitektonskih zgrada, od kojih je tridesetak izgraðeno prije biroa. Uz arhitektonsko-graðevinsku („Tehnièki list”, „Ar- 1914., tri stotine u meðuratnom razdob lju, a hitektura”, „Graðevinski vjesnik”, „Inženjer”, „Beograd- 4 ske opštinske novine”) i književno-umjetnièku periodiku ostatak nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata. Meðu („Srpski književni glasnik”, „Venac”, „XX vek”, „Umetnièki ostvarenjima hrvatskih arhitekata iz graðenim pregled”), stanje u meðuratnoj arhitekturi Beograda opisi- izvan Beograda, uz stari ja Bolléova, Iveko- vano je u dnevnom i tjednom tisku (listovi „Politika”, „Vre- viæeva i Jenèova djela u Srijemu, izdvajaju se me”, „Pravda”, „Štampa”, „Novosti”, „Život i rad”, „Jav- nost”, „Samouprava”, „Nedeljne ilustracije”). Korisno je i crkve Srca Isusova (1931.-1932.) u Šidu Frana provjeriti popise odobrenih planova objavljene u „Opštin- Funtaka i sv. Ar kanðela Mikaela (1931.-1933.) skim novinama” (1928.-1941.), na kojima su precizno na- Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers Hrvatski arhitekti u izgradnji Beograda u 20. stoljeæu A. KADIJEVIÆ 466-477 19[2011] 2[42] PROSTOR 469 ZASTUPLJENOST HRVATSKIH ARHITEKATA U BEOGRADSKOJ ARHITEKTURI PRESENCE OF CROATIAN ARCHITECTS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF BELGRADE Sudjelovanje hrvatskih arhitekata u beograd- skoj arhitekturi, izraženo u razlièitim vido- vima struènog angažiranja (studiranje, no- strificiranje akademskih dokumenata, pro- jektira nje, graðenje, natjeèajno nadmetanje, izlaganje, urbanizam, fakultetska i srednjo- školska nastava, sudjelovanje u natjeèajnim ocjenjvaèkim sudovima, rukovoðenje ustano- vama, publicistika itd.), obilje žile su tri više ili manje povezane stvaralaèke skupine. Prvu, povijesno najuèinkovitiju grupu obu- hvaæaju arhitekti iz Hrvatske trajnije nasta- njeni u Beogradu, koji su mu mnoštvom ostvarenja i kontinuiranom struènom aktiv- nošæu utisnuli znaèajniji osobni trag. Drugu skupinu èine arhitekti koji su u Beogradu bo- ravili privremeno, u razdoblju od nekoliko mjeseci do nekoliko godina, upotpunjujuæi njegove ambijente i urbanistièke poteze. Tre- znatnim dijelom karijere vezani za Beograd, Sl. 2. D. Sunko: Prva Hrvatska štedionica, originalni æu, najbrojniju skupinu, obuhva æaju arhitekti pripadnici te sku pine u svijesti suvremenika izgled, Knez Mihailova ulica 42, 1921.-1922. zainteresirani za povremenu suradnju s Beo- Fig. 2 D. Sunko: The First Croatian Savings Bank, primarno su upamæeni kao ugledni jugosla- original state, 42 Knez Mihailova Street, 1921-22 gradom putem izložaba, na tjeèaja i rijetkih venski, a po tom i beogradski arhitekti, a to izvedaba, uglavnom praæenih iz Hrvatske. su prihvatili i njihovi malobrojni biografi. Po- Sl. 3. D. Sunko: Prva Hrvatska štedionica (danas duzetni
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