DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Paper REGENERATION of TRADITIONAL MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research Paper REGENERATION of TRADITIONAL MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE IJERSS Volume 1 | Issue 3 March 2014 Research Paper REGENERATION OF TRADITIONAL MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE AT YAMUNA RIVER FRONT, KeyWords : Mughal, Traditional AGRA Architecture, Architectural Identity , Preservation Mohd Khalid Hasan Department of Architecture, Z.H. College Engineering & Technology,Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India ABSTRACT India has been the home of many civilizations throughout the centuries and is loaded with substantial cultural and traditional accumulation. Settlements in different regions of India are the most significant indicators of this accumulation. These civilizations developed a strong traditional architectural heritage over a period of time in different parts of India and Mughal Architecture is one of them. This traditional architecture is being seriously threatened by the outpouring of modern ideas and space-age technology. The dilution effects are most visible i.e. the import of modern materials, the dependence on modern technology, / ignorance of traditional architecture and the shrinking number of artisans have all contributed to the deterioration of our traditional building styles and practices. To maintain our sovereign and independent identity one must sense the danger of losing traditional values and culture and right steps to be taken to preserve and promote the distinctive identity. This paper would be high lighting traditional architecture developed along the Yamuna River during Mughal period and the site can be regenerated to preserve the glory of past Mughal traditional architecture. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION Traditional Architecture of Mughal period in India is a pattern of resource that was developed in response to various factors to meet human needs of the time. It was not only developed to cater the requirements of that period, but was having a broader vision to fulfill the demands of future generation. Since the site is equally important to enhance the beauty of any structure, so in most of these monuments the Charbagh gardens were developed. These structures are monumental in scale which gives the feel of grandeurness and at the same time they are also climate responsive to resist the harsh weather since the temperature shoots up to 480C.The architectural features and elements in these buildings are also unique i.e. the minarets, domes, arches, beautiful projections with stalactite brackets, single piece screens or jali, the beautiful parapet and lots more features, some of which are indigenous in nature and some are borrowed from Persian architecture since the they were from Persian origin. But as we are moving forward in the era of development with modernization and industrialization and with use of modern materials and technology we are leaving our past behind which is available to us in the form of rich traditional architecture. There is a strong need to restore the past since the shoulders of future can only withstand the load of the past. The series of garden monuments which were developed at the bank of river Yamuna in Agra are passing with the same fate of negligence due to the above said factors. YAMUNA RIVER FRONT Agra is one among the most important cities from the historic time which was developed along the bank of river Yamuna. The major means of transportation till the Mughal time at Agra was through river Yamuna and therefore concentration of historical markers was at the riverfront. The city grew on the western bank while the eastern bank was left entirely for leisure and recreation. It is lined with garden complexes on both banks acting as recreational and leisure centres. Agra in 17th Century International Journal of Engineering Research and Sports Science Page 1 A Railway connections laid by the Britishers in 19th century in this area, led to the establishment of cotton and textile industries along the Yamuna River at Agra (presently called as John’s Mill area). But due to the redundancy of the cotton and textile mills in the late 20th Century, the supply from John’s mill area got stopped and from that time the Gadhapara railway station along with its yard is lying vacant. 1. Bhagh-i Nur Afshan (Ram Bagh) 2. Bagh-i Jahan Ara (Zahara Bagh) 3. Tomb of Afzal Khan(Chini-ka-Rauza) 4. The Tomb itmad-ud-Daula 5. Chahar Bagh 6. Mahtab Bagh 7. Taj Mahal 8. Red fort 9. Octonal Bazar 10. Jami Masjid Line drawing Plan of Yamuna River Front at Agra, early 18th century A large number of heritage structures like Bhagh-i Nur Afshan (Ram Bagh), Tomb of Afzal Khan (Chini ka Rauza) , Tomb of Itmad-ud- Daula, Agra Fort and The Taj Mahal were also constructed along the river bank. These heritage structures are having high historic, architectural and associational significance that needs to be regenerated to preserve cultural and architectural traditions of that era. But, due to the focus on Taj Mahal and Agra Fort as major tourist spots, these heritage structures which are also having very high significance are getting neglected and are lying vacant Undeveloped Water front with Mughal Garden Monument II. EXISTING GARDEN MONUMENTS ALONG YAMUNA RIVER FRONT Bagh-E- Nur Afshan Or Ram Bagh The Ram Bagh is the oldest Mughal Garden in India, originally built by the Mughal Emperor Babur in 1528 A.D., located on the Yamuna river front northeast of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. Babur was temporarily buried here before being transferred in Kabul. Ram Bagh International Journal of Engineering Research and Sports Science Page 1 Tomb of Afzal Khan or Chini ka Rauza Chini ka Rauza is considered a milestone in Indo-Persian architecture, as it is the very first building in India that has been exclusively decorated by the glazed tile works. The most distinctive feature of the tomb is the colourful tiles or chini, from which the mausoleum gets its name. The tomb is rectangular in shape. The walls of the tomb are adorned with inscriptions and coloured tiles that give a distinctive look to the structure. Chini ka Rauza Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daula To the north of the Agra fort and across the river Yamuna are several fine examples of Mughal architecture, Itimad-ud-Daula is one among these garden monuments. The "Itimad-ud-Daula" was built by the empress Noor Jehan as a memorial to her father Mirza Ghiyas Beg. It is beautifully ornamented with pietra dura inlay and lattice work marble screens. Itimad-ud-Daula Agra Fort Agra fort is a 16th Century Mughal monument which was constructed by the Emperor Akbar for the defence purpose on the Yamuna river bank. Its magnificent Hathi Pol (Elephant Gate) in the west is the public entrance. It presents an imposing accurate facade as show piece towards the city and a more informal stepped elevation with trabeated elements towards the inside of the fort. Agra Fort Taj Mahal Taj Mahal built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan at Agra is the best example of architectural progression which is a synthesis of earlier Mughal buildings in India and is a blend of Indo-Iranian architecture of early 17th Century. Taj Mahal, is the best example of architectural composition with its monumental scale, symmetrical balance and proportion. Taj Mahal III. SIGNIFICANCE OF GARDEN MONUMENTS These monuments were developed in various period of Mughal rule in India dated from 15th century till Shahjahan in 17th Century. The scale, massing, proportion and the use of local materials and colours ,they used in their buildings made their buildings unique and formed the definite character of that era. It is also essential to protect the past since these architectural marvels are having high significance and values (historic, associational and architectural) linked with them. These architectural marvels to be restored since their interpretation plays an important role in enhancing people’s awareness, understanding and appreciation of time & place. “Respecting the best of the past provides a powerful justification for gracing our surroundings with the very best of the new” (English Heritage, Power of Place, 2000). International Journal of Engineering Research and Sports Science Page 1 IV. CAUSES OF FAILURE OF GARDEN MONUMENTS Center of Attention These leisure garden monuments are having the unique Mughal character with focus on the detailing of the main built structure and the site is developed in such a way that they are the landmark of their time. These garden monuments like the tomb Itimad-ud- Daula are developed in such a way that being a part of an entire group of monument complex, they are unique and are showing their own identity of that period. It is beautifully ornamented with pietra dura inlay and lattice work marble screens. But the existance of these monuments are threatened and overshadowing by world heritage monument, the Taj Mahal. The entire focus is on Taj Mahal and others are not touched upon by the tourist on their visit to Agra . Lack of Integrity of Routes These garden monuments are well connected with each other along the river Yamuna and are enclosed by attractive building frontages. Every building is just one part of the fabric of the City which is held together by the network of streets and spaces. They are having well enclosed and connected spaces allow using and enjoying them conveniently and in comfort. Since the main road in this area of Johns Mill and Jeoni mandi is parallel to river Yamuna and leads up till Taj Mahal which is the culmination point of leisure monuments. These monuments are visually connected with one another while passing through that road but they are not connected through any network of roads or pathways. This is another reason of negligence of these beautiful monuments. Low Maintenance Public Realm The garden monuments are having high quality public spaces that can attract people, as we know that "people attract people".
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ANSWERED ON:23.08.2007 HISTORICAL PLACES in up Verma Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:1586 ANSWERED ON:23.08.2007 HISTORICAL PLACES IN UP Verma Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) the details of Centrally protected monuments in Uttar Pradesh (UP) at present; (b) the agency responsible for the maintenance of these places; (c) the amount spent on the maintenance of these monuments during the last three years; and (d) the details of revenue earned from these monuments during each of the last three years? Answer MINISTER FOR TOURISM AND CULTURE (SHRIMATI AMBIKA SONI) (a)&(b) There are 742 monuments/sites declared as of national importance in the Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) as per list at Annexure. Archaeological Survey of India looks after their proper upkeep, maintenance, conservation and preservation. (c) The expenditure incurred on conservation, preservation, maintenance and environmental development of these centrally protected monuments during the last three years is as under: Rupees in Lakhs Year Total 2004-05 1392.48 2005-06 331.14 2006-07 1300.36 (d) The details of revenue earned from these monuments during the last three years are as under: Rupees in Lakhs Year Total 2004-05 2526.33 2005-06 2619.92 2006-07 2956.46 ANNEXURE ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a)&(b) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTIO NO.1586 FOR 23.8.2007 LIST OF CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS IN UTTAR PRADESH Agra Circle Name of monument/site Locality District 1. Agra Fort Including Akbari Mahal Agra Agra Anguri Bagh Baoli of the Diwan-i-Am Quadrangle.
    [Show full text]
  • Taj Heritage Corridor: Intersections Between History and Culture on the Yamuna Riverfront
    Taj Heritage Corridor: Intersections between History and Culture on the Yamuna Riverfront Terence Harkness and Amita Sinha Present-day Agra’s fame rests entirely upon the presence new shops and an amusement complex. However, this was of the Taj Mahal. However, the city is also home to a rich done without conducting an environmental assessment collection of lesser-known and seldom-visited Mughal or making the plan public, and the media raised a mas- monuments, many of which are situated on the Yamuna sive hue and cry, causing the project to be stalled and an riverfront within a relatively short distance of each other. inquiry ordered.1 This project eventually proved extremely How this riverfront landscape became the locus of such controversial, raising fears of excessive commercialization, an astounding cultural heritage is a story that is rarely blocked views of the Taj from Agra Fort, and fl ooding of presented to those who visit the area to see the mag- Mahtab Bagh. nifi cent Taj. Yet, given the high volume of international Though the extensive media coverage of that debacle and domestic tourism focused on the Taj and the Indian has succeeded in raising public awareness, it has not government’s interest in expanding this to include other included constructive debate on the possible course of nearby heritage sites, close examination of this landscape action that would make the riverfront accessible to both and the dynamics of its contemporary use is essential to citizens of Agra and tourists and create an appropriate future preservation efforts. greenbelt around the Taj. Historically, the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Yamuna riverfront in Agra was the private landscape The Historic Yamuna Riverfront of royalty and nobility, constituted by pleasure, palace, The Yamuna riverfront in Agra was fi rst described in and tomb gardens lining both banks.
    [Show full text]
  • NCF Catalogue.Pmd
    Sankisa, Farrukhabad Uttar Pradesh Sankisa LUCKNOW Located about 37 km west of Fatehgarh, Sankisa is mentioned in Ramayana, Mahabharata and other Sanskrit and Pali texts. The site has been identified as the place where Buddha is said to have performed the decent from the trayastrinsa heaven by a ladder of gold or gem. It is an important place of Buddhist pilgrimage and has been excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India from time to time . Contributions solicited in the range of Rs. 20 - 50 Lakhs for following activities: 1. Construction of the dwarf wall and grill fencing. 2. Landscaping and gardening 3. Development of tourist movement plan and pathways 4. Tourist amenities. 5. Land acquisition. 6. Scientific clearance to expose buried structures of the ancient city. 82 Residency, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh LUCKNOW The site of the Residency belonged to Sheikhzada Nawab Asafuddaula who started the construction of Residency in the year AD 1775 for the British resident and his staff. It was completed by Nawab Saadat Ali Khan in AD 1800. These structures suffered heavy damages due to constant shelling and counter shelling during the first war of Indian Independence in 1857. Some were completely razed to the ground and now in ruins. To understand the clear picture of the Residency, an excavation was carried out which has brought to light a number of buried structures including the well planned Contributions solicited in sewer system, besides remains of the the range of Rs. 25 - 100 material culture of that period. The Lakhs for following 1857 Memorial Museum has been set activities: up here to depict an accurate 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Ah Taj! Overnight Trip to Agra from Delhi Itinerary
    Palace Tours 12000 Biscayne Blvd. #107 Miami FL 33181 USA 800-724-5120 / 786-408-0610 Call Us 1-800-724-5120 Ah Taj! Overnight Trip to Agra from Delhi You must see the Taj Mahal at least once in your lifetime--to feel the cool white marble, see the intricate inlay work and awe- inspiring architecture, to smell the fragrant gardens, to know the meaning of true love. Well, the Taj Mahal is more accessible than you think! Only a short drive from India's captial of New Delhi, the Taj Mahal, along with Agra's other monuments and sites, becomes a memorable addition to any vacation. Itinerary You can begin this tour on any date you choose! Please note: The Taj Mahal is closed to the public on Fridays. Day 1 - Explore the Taj Mahal and Agra Fort Your chauffeur greets you at your hotel in Delhi this morning. A luxury car, stocked with plenty of amenities to add comfort to your journey, awaits to drive you to Agra (about 4 hours). Upon arrival in Agra, transfer to a luxury hotel for lunch (guests' own account) to revive and refresh and then proceed to the Taj Mahal. Arrive at the Taj Mahal where your knowledgeable guide is ready to tell you the magnificent history behind this Wonder of the World. You have time to stroll through the gardens, sit on the steps and absorb these fabulous surroundings to your heart's content. Depart the Taj Mahal and take a half day tour of Agra, visiting the Agra Fort and the city bazaar before returning to the hotel for your overnight stay.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Agra
    TOURISMOS: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF TOURISM Volume 6, Number 2, Autumn 2011, pp. 139-158 UDC: 338.48+640(050) ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF TOURISM: A CASE STUDY OF AGRA Surabhi Srivastava1 University of Lucknow Tourism in its broadest generic sense can do more to develop understanding among the people, provide jobs, create foreign exchange and raise living standards than any other economic force. India is world famous for the city of Taj -Agra. There are a number of other tourists attractions like Agra Fort, Itmad-ud- daula's tomb, Bharatpur Sanctuary, Sikandara, Fatehpur Sikri etc which have equal historical and architectural significance but tourists are not aware of about all these places and monuments. The focus of this paper is on the economic benefits accruing to the state byway of tourist's arrivals to Agra. Though Agra receives maximum number of tourists but except Taj Mahal they are not aware about other monuments. This study will evaluate the reasons of lacking in economic benefits from tourism and also analyse the tourist’ problems facing at Agra. Key Words: Economic, Potential, Tourism, Agra, Taj Mahal. JEL Classification: L83, M1, O1 INTRODUCTION Tourism is a field of human activity known to mankind from time immemorial. It cuts across barriers of caste, colour, creed and builds universal brotherhood. The world's oldest industry is also one of the largest and fastest growing industries today. In general terms travel is referred to any movement of one or more people from one point to another. There is not much difference between tourism and travel; in general both terms are used as synonyms (Nanthakumar et al, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Gotta See the Taj Mahal - Day Trip to Agra
    Palace Tours 12000 Biscayne Blvd. #107 Miami FL 33181 USA 800-724-5120 / 786-408-0610 Call Us 1-800-724-5120 Gotta see the Taj Mahal - Day Trip to Agra You must see the Taj Mahal in your lifetime--to feel the cool white marble, see the intricate inlay work and awe- inspiring architecture, to smell the fragrant gardens, to know the meaning of true love. Well, the Taj Mahal is more accessible than you think! Only a short drive from India's captial of New Delhi, the Taj Mahal, along with Agra's other monuments and sites, becomes a memorable day-trip addition to any vacation. Itinerary You can begin this tour on any date you choose! Please note: The Taj Mahal is closed to the public on Fridays. Day 1 - Visit the Taj Mahal and Fatehpur Sikri Your chauffeur greets you at your hotel in Delhi this morning. A luxury car, stocked with plenty of amenities to add comfort to your journey, awaits to drive you to Agra (approximately 4 hours). Upon arrival in Agra, transfer to a luxury hotel for lunch (guests' own account) to revive and refresh you, and then proceed to Taj Mahal. Arrive at the Taj Mahal, where your English-speaking guide is ready to tell you the magnificent history behind this Wonder of the World. You have time to stroll through the gardens, sit on the steps and absorb these fabulous surroundings to your heart's content. Depart the Taj Mahal for the nearby city of Fatehpur Sikri. This now-abandoned palatial complex was once a majestic fortress and served as the capital of the Mughal Empire under Emperor Akbar.
    [Show full text]
  • Gendered 'Landscape': Jahanara Begum's Patronage, Piety and Self
    DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation ―Gendered ‗Landscapes‘: Jahan Ara Begum‘s (1614-1681) Patronage, Piety and Self-Representation in 17th C Mughal India‖ Band 1 von 1 Verfasser Afshan Bokhari angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092315 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Kunstgeschichte Betreuerin/Betreuer: Univ. Prof. Dr. Ebba Koch TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page 0 Table of Contents 1-2 Curriculum Vitae 3-5 Acknowledgements 6-7 Abstract 8 List of Illustration 9-12 Introduction 13-24 Figures 313-358 Bibliography 359-372 Chapter One: 25-113 The Presence and Paradigm of The „Absent‟ Timurid-Mughal Female 1.1 Recent and Past Historiographies: Ruby Lal, Ignaz Goldziher, Leslie Pierce, Stephen Blake 1.2 Biographical Sketches: Timurid and Mughal Female Precedents: Domesticity and Politics 1.2.1 Timurid Women (14th-15th century) 1.2.2 Mughal Women (16th – 17th century) 1.2.3 Nur Jahan (1577-1645): A Prescient Feminist or Nemesis? 1.2.4 Jahan Ara Begum (1614-1681): Establishing Precedents and Political Propriety 1.2.5 The Body Politic: The Political and Commercial Negotiations of Jahan Ara‘s Well-Being 1.2.6 Imbuing the Poetic Landscape: Jahan Ara‘s Recovery 1.3 Conclusion Chapter Two: 114-191 „Visions‟ of Timurid Legacy: Jahan Ara Begum‟s Piety and „Self- Representation‟ 2.1 Risala-i-Sahibiyāh: Legacy-Building ‗Political‘ Piety and Sufi Realization 2.2 Galvanizing State to Household: Pietistic Imperatives Dynastic Legitimacy 2.3 Sufism, Its Gendered Dimensions and Jahan
    [Show full text]
  • A Handbook to Agra and the Taj, Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri and the Neighbourhood
    A HANDBOOK TO AGRA AND THE TAJ SIKANDRA, FATEHPUR-SIKRI, AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD ija>b ;a .^-—-^ A HANDBOOK TO AGRA AND THE TAJ SIKANDRA, FATEHPUR-SIKRI AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD BY E. B. HAVELL, A.R.C.A. PRINCIPAL, GOVERNMENT SCHOOL OF ART, CALCUTTA FELLOW OF THE CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY WITH 14 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPH*' AND 4 PLANS LONGMANS, GREEN, AND"^ 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY 1904 All right* reserved A3H3 FEB 21 1966 " ^*?/Ty OF TO*$£^ 10 516 5 4 PREFACE This little book is not intended for a history or archaeological treatise, but to assist those who visit, or have visited, Agra, to an intelligent under- standing of one of the greatest epochs of Indian Art. In the historical part of it, I have omitted unimportant names and dates, and only attempted to give such a sketch of the personality of the greatest of the Great Moguls, and of the times in which they lived, as is necessary for an apprecia- tion of the wonderful monuments they left behind them. India is the only part of the British Empire where art is still a living reality, a portion of the people's spiritual possessions. We, in our ignorance and affectation of superiority, make efforts to improve it with Western ideas ; but, so far, have only succeeded in doing it incalculable harm. It would be wiser if we would first attempt to understand it. Among many works to which I owe valuable information, I should name especially Erskine's vi Preface ; translation of Babar's " Memoirs " Muhammad ; Latif's " Agra, Historical and Descriptive " and Edmund Smith's " Fatehpur-Sikri." My acknow- ledgments are due to Babu Abanindro Nath Tagore, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • First Draft Report Volume I July 2018 DRAFT
    Taj Trapezium Zone PREPARATION OF VISION DOCUMENT First Draft Report Volume I July 2018 DRAFT FIRST DRAFT FIRST First Draft Report Vision Document i.Table of Contents 0 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND 1-1 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO TTZ 1-2 1.3 OBJECTIVES, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 1-3 PART A: ISSUES AT TTZ, AGRA & PRECINCT LEVEL 2 ENVIRONMENT ISSUES AT REGIONAL LEVEL 2.1 GENERAL 2-1 2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE 2-1 2.3 NATURAL RESOURCES 2-3 2.4 FOREST RESOURCE 2-6 2.5 SURFACE WATER RESOURCEDRAFT 2-6 2.6 GROUND WATER RESOURCE 2-9 2.7 AIR POLLUTION 2-7 2.8 WATER POLLUTION 2-18 2.9 HEALTH 2-20 2.10 WASTE 2-27 2.11 DISASTER 2-31 2.12 EPIDEMICSFIRST 2-33 2.13 TERRORISM 2-35 2.14 INFRASTRUCTURE 2-35 2.15 ENERGY 2-56 2.16 HOUSING 2-37 2.17 AGRICULTURE 2-37 2.18 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 2-38 2.19 INDUSTRIES 2-38 i-i 3 ISSUES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3-1 4 LINKAGES AND TRANSPORTATION 4.1 TTZ LEVEL 4-1 4.2 AGRA LEVEL 4-1 4.3 OTHER SETTLEMENTS IN TTZ 4-6 4.4 TAJ PRECINCT LEVEL 4-8 5 ISSUES OF HERITAGE: NATURAL, TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE 5.1 REGIONAL SCALE: TTZ AREA 5-1 5.2 CITY SCALE: AGRA CITY 5-18 5.3 PRECINCT SCALE: TAJ PRECINCT 5-31 6 URBAN SETTLEMENT FORM, SPACE AND IMAGE DRAFT 6.1 EMERGING ISSUES AT REGIONAL (TTZ) LEVEL 6-1 6.2 AGRA SPECIFIC ASESSMENT 6-5 6.3 ASSESSMENT OF OTHER SETTLEMENTS IN TTZ 6-15 6.4 ASSESSMENT AT TAJ PRECINCT LEVEL 6-26 PART B: STRATEGIES, RECOMMENDATIONS & ACTION PLAN FIRST 7 ANCHOR WISE STRATEGIES & RECOMMENDATIONS 7.1 ANCHOR I: RESTORING THE BALANCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 7-1 7.2 ANCHOR II: REDEFINING THE
    [Show full text]
  • Table A: Time and Work Frame
    SECTION-1 TABLE _ A: TIME AND WORK FRAME FOR THE WORK UNDER. STRUCTURAL REPAIRS TO SOUTH.EAST BOUNDARY WALL OF CHINI KA RAUZA, AGRA NUAL BIDS SHALL NOT BE ACCEPTED. CRITICAL DATE SHEET l. Date of issue of Tender 10110t2018 Bid Document Download / Sale Start Date 10t10t2018 i. Bid Submission closing Date 1211112018 at 15:00 t. Date of opening of Financial bid 1311112018 at 15:30 ,. Validity of Bid 120 days from the date of opening. STRUCTURAL REPAIRS TO SOUTH-EAST BOUNDARY WALL OF CHINI KA RAUZA, AGRA I 1' The Archaeological survey of lnctia invites online Bids in the prescribed form under the single Bid system i.e. Financial Bid for Job work STRUCTURAL REPAIRS ro sourH-EAST BOUNDARY WALL OF CHtNt KA RAUZA, AGRA rhe system of e_ tendering sha, be adopted, comprising of the Financial Bid. Document Download: Tender documents may be downloaded from CPPP site https://eprocure.oov.in/eprocure/app as per the schedule as given in CR|TICAL DATE SHEET. Bid should' inter alia' indicate item'wise price and financial other commerciar / financiar terms against the 0ocuments. items mentioned in the Tender 2. Bid Submission: Applicants/ intending or interested Bidders are invited to submit their online proposal after carefully reading the Request for proposal oi:'':'in.(a) Financial Bid, clearlv mentioning (i) proposar 'Financiar respoctively. such proposars are .t-T]l :' stipulated to be submitted onrine date and time as mentioned in the Tender document ll:i'i:T and as siven tn cRtflcAL DATE SHEET. "J'.":.":,:DesubmittedonlineonlyatcPPPwebsite:@ Elo oocuments may be scanned with 100 dpi with black and white option which help in reducing size of the 3canned document.
    [Show full text]
  • Il Giardino Indo-Islamico Mughal
    Corso di Laurea magistrale (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004) in Antropologia Culturale, Etnologia, Etnolinguistica Tesi di Laurea L’effimera arte dei giardini islamici: il giardino indo-islamico mughal Relatore Ch. Dott.sa Sara Mondini Laureando Giulia Cazzola Matricola 818770 Anno Accademico 2015 / 2016 This page is intentionally left blank 2 Sommario Premessa ............................................................................................................................ 5 Introduzione ...................................................................................................................... 7 Capitolo 1 - La dinastia mughal .................................................................................... 10 Babur, la ‘Tigre’ .............................................................................................................. 13 Humayun, Naser Ad-Din ............................................................................................... 25 Akbar, Allahu-Akbar ....................................................................................................... 31 Jahangir, il ‘Conquistatore del mondo’ ........................................................................... 36 Shah Jahan, ‘Re del Mondo’ ........................................................................................... 39 Aurangzeb - Alangir , ‘Conquistatore dell’universo’ ..................................................... 45 Verso la disgregazione dell’Impero ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mughal Architecture Aw Awwotated Bibliography
    MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE AW AWWOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LIBRARY SCIENCE xesa—83 BY R. N. AGNIHOTRI Roll No. 3 Enrolment No. S-1933 Under the supervision of Mr. ALMUZAFFAR KHAN B. Sc. B. Lib. Sc. M. S. L. S. (Cleveland) DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH DFPiRTMFjVT OF LIBRARY SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNiyERSITi am ALlGARH-202001 (India) r«bruary 14, 1984 This is to cartify that this dlsssrtation was Compiled undsr ny supsrvision and guidanca and the work is dons to ny satisfaction. ( Alumlaffar Khan ) il£AOeR K^.^i*Pj^^^ DS1068 «t.v W5/Kr2i< ACKtlQWifiDGEMEMT i 9HpT»»» my deep sense of gratitude to Mr.Alrauzaffar Khan, my supervisor and Reader, Department of Library Science, Ali9arh Muslim University, Aligarh for his constant «,uiaancw in ^ pering this dissertation, I am also grateful to Prof. M, H. Razvi, Chairman, Department of Library Science, Aligarh Muslim University,Aligarh for alloting me this project. Last but not least, I am thankful to the Librarians of Archeological Survey of India (i-iorthern Circle) Agra and Research Library, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for assistance provided by them. (R.jN. AGNIHQTRI) CQNT EHT3 £i3£i PART 1 Introduction -1 Tht fi«rly Mughal Styl» (1556-1627) -i The Lat« Mughal Style (1628-58) -10 The Later Mughal Style (1658-18^;; -16 PART 2 Annotated Bibliography - 21 PART 3 Indexes Author - 88 Subj ect - 91 PLATES Muthamman Burj :Fort Agra Jahangiri Mahal Shaikh Salim Chishti's Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri ^bar's Tomb Itimad-Ud-Daula's Tomb Taj Mahal Bui and Oar«aza*Fit4il^pur Sikri Faneh Mahal -Fatehpur Sikri Akbar's Tomb - Sikandra-Main Gateway Cenotaphs»Ititnad-Ud-Daula Cenotaph's Taj Mahal Salim Chishti's Tomb PART I MUGHAL ARCHITBCTURE ItnBMJCTlOH Though the Mughal empire was founded in lb26 by Babur, Mughal architecture aid not commence until the reign ot' Akbar.
    [Show full text]