Die Bewerbung Athens Um Die Olympischen Spiele 1996 Im Spiegel Der Internationalen Presse

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Die Bewerbung Athens Um Die Olympischen Spiele 1996 Im Spiegel Der Internationalen Presse Die Bewerbung Athens um die Olympischen Spiele 1996 im Spiegel der internationalen Presse Inaugural – Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie des Fachbereichs Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen Vorgelegt von Athanasios-Defkalion Batsilas aus Kranea Elassonas Giessen 2002 Dekan: Prof. Dr. phil. Gottfried Spangler I. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. phil. Norbert Giessel II. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. phil. Hannes Neumann Tag der Disputation: 28.10.2002 A. EINLEITUNG............................................................................................................1 I Problemstellung..................................................................................................... 1 II Vorhandene Literatur über die Bewerbung um die Olympischen Spiele 1996 ........................................................................................................................ 5 III Methodologie ......................................................................................................... 6 IV Aufbau und Darstellung der Arbeit................................................................... 9 B. DIE ANTIKEN OLYMPISCHEN SPIELE UND DIE GRIECHISCHE ZIVILISATION .......................................................................................................13 I Die Entstehung der modernen Olympischen Spiele ........................................ 15 II Charakteristische Grundsätze des Olympismus .............................................. 17 III Das 100-jährige Fortbestehen der modernen Olympischen Spiele ................ 19 C. SPORT UND MEDIEN......................................................................................23 I Die Bedeutung des Sports in den Massenmedien................................. 24 II Der Sport als Wirtschaftsfaktor: Kommerzialisierung........................... 26 III Sport und Medien in der Prognose......................................................... 27 IV Der Sport in den Tageszeitungen............................................................... 27 1) Die Sportberichterstattung................................................................................... 28 2) Olympische Spiele und Berichterstattung....................................................... 29 D. METHODE..............................................................................................................31 I Inhaltsanalyse...................................................................................................... 31 1) Aussagefähigkeit................................................................................................... 32 2) Kategorienbildung................................................................................................. 32 3) Validität und Reliabilität....................................................................................... 33 I II .......Methodisches Konzept zur Erfassung der Olympiaberichterstattung von 1986 bis 1990........................................................................................................ 33 1) Auswahl der Zeitungen......................................................................................... 34 III Methodische Planung und Durchführung der Untersuchung ........................ 36 IV Kategoriensystem................................................................................................ 47 1) Kategorien der Textanalyse................................................................................... 47 2) Kategorien der Bildanalyse................................................................................... 48 V Durchführung der Untersuchung...................................................................... 48 VI Auswertung der Bewerbungsberichte............................................................... 48 VII Ergebnisse der Inhaltsanalyse - quantitative Analyse .................................... 49 1) Bedeutung der Entscheidung über den Austragungsort der Olympischen Spiele 1996 für das Selbstverständnis Griechenlands........................................... 50 2) Verteilung der Olympiaberichterstattung auf das Jahr.......................................... 53 3) Verteilung der Olympiaberichterstattung auf die Wochentage............................ 55 VIII Argumentationslinie der Bewerberstädte in der Berichterstattung .............. 57 IX Quantitativer Verlauf verschiedener Argumente der griechischen Bewerbung ........................................................................................................... 58 E. INTERNATIONALES OLYMPISCHES KOMITEE...........................................61 I Einrichtung und ideologische Basis des IOC ................................................... 61 1) Gründung des IOC................................................................................................ 63 2) Grundprinzipien und Rechte des IOC auf die Olympischen Spiele...................... 65 II Geschichtliche Entwicklung des IOC................................................................ 65 1) Zusammenstellung des IOC heute......................................................................... 68 2) Der Olympismus im 21. Jahrhundert .................................................................... 69 III Das Vorbereitungsstadium für die Olympischen Spiele ................................. 71 II IV Wahl des olympischen Austragungsortes als mehrdimensionaler Entscheidungsprozess......................................................................................... 73 1) Methodische Annahmen........................................................................................ 74 V Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Abstimmung.............................................. 78 1) Past olympic critiques ........................................................................................... 80 2) Das IOC im Spannungsfeld zwischen Gabe und Gegengabe ............................... 82 3) Zur Entscheidungsfindung der IOC – Mitglieder ................................................. 84 VI Internationales Olympisches Komitee: Autonomie und Macht ..................... 85 VII Das IOC und die olympische Zukunft.............................................................. 87 F. DIE ANALYSE........................................................................................................88 I Vorbemerkung .................................................................................................... 89 II Die ersten Schritte Athens um die Übernahme der Olympischen Spiele 1996........................................................................................................... 91 1) Die ersten Reaktionen........................................................................................... 95 2) Stellungnahme der griechischen Zeitungen in den ersten Monaten...................... 97 III Die Olympischen Spiele und ihre Bedeutung für das Selbstverständnis Griechenlands..................................................................................................... 98 IV Samaranchs erste Äußerungen gegenüber der griechischen Kandidatur... 101 V Atlanta und die Vorauswahl in den USA........................................................ 103 1) Die Entstehung des Interesses für Atlanta an der Olympiade............................. 108 2) Ausschlaggebende Kriterien für die Bewerbung Atlantas.................................. 110 3) „Coca Cola Faktor”............................................................................................. 112 4) Bewertung der Bemühung von Atlanta............................................................... 116 VI Kritische Äußerung Atlantas über die Austragung der Olympischen Spiele in Athen................................................................................................... 117 III VII Realistische Hoffnung Atlantas auf dem Weg zur zukünftigen olympischen Stadt ............................................................................................. 119 VIII Kritische Stellung der Zeitung „Atlanta Constitution“ um die künftige Austragung der Olympischen Spiele in Atlanta............................................ 122 IX Standpunkt Samaranchs zur künftigen Austragung der Olympischen Spiele in Athen................................................................................................... 123 X Das Jahr 1989.................................................................................................... 124 1) Stellungnahme der griechischen Zeitungen Anfang 1989 .................................. 129 2) Puerto Rico – die erste Bewährungsprobe für die Griechen............................... 130 3) Die ersten Probleme und die Stellungnahmen für mögliche Lösungen seitens der Griechen........................................................................................................ 131 4) Diskreditierung Athens durch Atlanta................................................................. 137 5) Weitere Schritte Atlantas für den Kampf um die Übernahme der Olympischen Spiele 1996......................................................................................................... 139 6) Der Meinungsspiegel der Deutsche Presse ......................................................... 141 7) Abschließende Zusammenfassung des Jahres 1989............................................ 143 XI Das Jahr 1990.................................................................................................... 144 1) Der wirtschaftliche
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