THE SHAPE of the GRAVE by Laura Lundgren Smith Copyright
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Miaa Rregulli I Shendetit Kimik
MIAA RREGULLI I SHENDETIT KIMIK Që prej ditës së parë të stërvitjes në vjeshtë, dhe deri në përfundimin e vitit akademik ose evenimentit të fundit në atletikë (kushdo që është e fundit), një nxënës nuk duhet, pavarësisht sasisë, që të përdorë, konsumojë, shesë/blejë, ose të japë; pije që përmbajnë alkool; çdo produkt duhani (përfshirë cigaret elektronike); marijuanë; steroide; ose çdo substancë të kontrolluar. Ky rregull përfshin edhe produkte si "Jo Alkoolike ose afër birrës". Nuk është shkelje nëse një nxënës posedon një drogë (ilaç) të përcaktuar ligjërisht, e dhënë nga doktori i tij/saj për përdorim vetjak. Ky standart shtetëror minimal i MIAA nuk ka për qëllim të bëjë një "faj nga shoqërimi", p.sh shumë nxënës atletë mund të jenë pjesëmarrës në një festë ku vetëm disa e shkelin këtë standart. Ky rregull përfaqëson vetëm një standart minimal mbi bazë të të cilit shkollat mund të krijojnë kërkesa më të rrepta. Nëse një nxënës që ka shkelur këtë rregull dhe nuk është në gjendje që të marrë pjesë në sporte ndërshkollore për shkak të një dëmtimi ose mësimeve, dënimi nuk do të hyjë në fuqi derisa nxënësi të jetë në gjendje që të marrë pjesë prapë në sport. DENIMET/NDERSHKIMET MINIMALE: Shkelja e Parë: Kur Drejtori konfirmon, pas dhënies së mundësisë që nxënësi të dëgjohet, se ka ndodhur një shkelje, nxënësi duhet të humbasë të drejtën për të marrë pjesë në garat ndërshkollore të rradhës (sezon i rregullt dhe turne) për një total prej 25% të të gjitha garave ndërshkollore në atë sport. Nuk lejohet asnjë përjashtim për një nxënës që merr pjesë në një program trajtimi. -
Unicode Request for Cyrillic Modifier Letters Superscript Modifiers
Unicode request for Cyrillic modifier letters L2/21-107 Kirk Miller, [email protected] 2021 June 07 This is a request for spacing superscript and subscript Cyrillic characters. It has been favorably reviewed by Sebastian Kempgen (University of Bamberg) and others at the Commission for Computer Supported Processing of Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription uses superscript modifier letters in a manner analogous to the IPA. This convention is widespread, found in both academic publication and standard dictionaries. Transcription of pronunciations into Cyrillic is the norm for monolingual dictionaries, and Cyrillic rather than IPA is often found in linguistic descriptions as well, as seen in the illustrations below for Slavic dialectology, Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) and Evenki. The Great Russian Encyclopedia states that Cyrillic notation is more common in Russian studies than is IPA (‘Transkripcija’, Bol’šaja rossijskaja ènciplopedija, Russian Ministry of Culture, 2005–2019). Unicode currently encodes only three modifier Cyrillic letters: U+A69C ⟨ꚜ⟩ and U+A69D ⟨ꚝ⟩, intended for descriptions of Baltic languages in Latin script but ubiquitous for Slavic languages in Cyrillic script, and U+1D78 ⟨ᵸ⟩, used for nasalized vowels, for example in descriptions of Chechen. The requested spacing modifier letters cannot be substituted by the encoded combining diacritics because (a) some authors contrast them, and (b) they themselves need to be able to take combining diacritics, including diacritics that go under the modifier letter, as in ⟨ᶟ̭̈⟩BA . (See next section and e.g. Figure 18. ) In addition, some linguists make a distinction between spacing superscript letters, used for phonetic detail as in the IPA tradition, and spacing subscript letters, used to denote phonological concepts such as archiphonemes. -
+1. Introduction 2. Cyrillic Letter Rumanian Yn
MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM +1. INTRODUCTION These are comments to "Additional Cyrillic Characters In Unicode: A Preliminary Proposal". I'm examining each section of that document, as well as adding some extra notes (marked "+" in titles). Below I use standard Russian Cyrillic characters; please be sure that you have appropriate fonts installed. If everything is OK, the following two lines must look similarly (encoding CP-1251): (sample Cyrillic letters) АабВЕеЗКкМНОопРрСсТуХхЧЬ (Latin letters and digits) Aa6BEe3KkMHOonPpCcTyXx4b 2. CYRILLIC LETTER RUMANIAN YN In the late Cyrillic semi-uncial Rumanian/Moldavian editions, the shape of YN was very similar to inverted PSI, see the following sample from the Ноул Тестамент (New Testament) of 1818, Neamt/Нямец, folio 542 v.: file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 1 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM Here you can see YN and PSI in both upper- and lowercase forms. Note that the upper part of YN is not a sharp arrowhead, but something horizontally cut even with kind of serif (in the uppercase form). Thus, the shape of the letter in modern-style fonts (like Times or Arial) may look somewhat similar to Cyrillic "Л"/"л" with the central vertical stem looking like in lowercase "ф" drawn from the middle of upper horizontal line downwards, with regular serif at the bottom (horizontal, not slanted): Compare also with the proposed shape of PSI (Section 36). 3. CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 2 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM I support the idea that "IA" must be separated from "Я". -
Technical Reference Manual for the Standardization of Geographical Names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names United Nations New York, 2007 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which Member States of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term “country” as used in the text of this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. -
Old Cyrillic in Unicode*
Old Cyrillic in Unicode* Ivan A Derzhanski Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] The current version of the Unicode Standard acknowledges the existence of a pre- modern version of the Cyrillic script, but its support thereof is limited to assigning code points to several obsolete letters. Meanwhile mediæval Cyrillic manuscripts and some early printed books feature a plethora of letter shapes, ligatures, diacritic and punctuation marks that want proper representation. (In addition, contemporary editions of mediæval texts employ a variety of annotation signs.) As generally with scripts that predate printing, an obvious problem is the abundance of functional, chronological, regional and decorative variant shapes, the precise details of whose distribution are often unknown. The present contents of the block will need to be interpreted with Old Cyrillic in mind, and decisions to be made as to which remaining characters should be implemented via Unicode’s mechanism of variation selection, as ligatures in the typeface, or as code points in the Private space or the standard Cyrillic block. I discuss the initial stage of this work. The Unicode Standard (Unicode 4.0.1) makes a controversial statement: The historical form of the Cyrillic alphabet is treated as a font style variation of modern Cyrillic because the historical forms are relatively close to the modern appearance, and because some of them are still in modern use in languages other than Russian (for example, U+0406 “I” CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I is used in modern Ukrainian and Byelorussian). Some of the letters in this range were used in modern typefaces in Russian and Bulgarian. -
Neurological Soft Signs in Mainstream Pupils Arch Dis Child: First Published As 10.1136/Adc.85.5.371 on 1 November 2001
Arch Dis Child 2001;85:371–374 371 Neurological soft signs in mainstream pupils Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.85.5.371 on 1 November 2001. Downloaded from J M Fellick, A P J Thomson, J Sills, C A Hart Abstract psychiatry. Are there any tests that a paediatri- Aims—(1) To examine the relation be- cian may use to predict which children have tween neurological soft signs and meas- significant problems? ures of cognition, coordination, and Neurological soft signs (NSS) may be behaviour in mainstream schoolchildren. defined as minor abnormalities in the neuro- (2) To determine whether high soft sign logical examination in the absence of other fea- scores may predict children with signifi- tures of fixed or transient neurological disor- cant problems in other areas. der.1 They have been associated with Methods—A total of 169 children aged behaviour,12 coordination,3 and learning diY- between 8 and 13 years from mainstream culties.4 Other authors believe they represent a schools were assessed. They form part of developmental lag rather than a fixed abnor- a larger study into the outcome of menin- mality.5 Studies have found a high incidence of gococcal disease in childhood. Half had soft signs in children following premature6 or previous meningococcal disease and half low birthweight7 birth, meningitis,8 and malnu- were controls. Assessment involved trition.910 measurement of six soft signs followed by There are a number of soft sign batteries assessment of motor skills (movement published that include tests of sensory func- ABC), cognitive function (WISC-III), and tion, coordination, motor speed, and abnormal behaviour (Conners’ Rating Scales). -
Learning Cyrillic
LEARNING CYRILLIC Question: If there is no equivalent letter in the Cyrillic alphabet for the Roman "J" or "H" how do you transcribe good German names like Johannes, Heinrich, Wilhelm, etc. I heard one suggestion that Johann was written as Ivan and that the "h" was replaced with a "g". Can you give me a little insight into what you have found? In researching would I be looking for the name Ivan rather than Johann? One must always think phonetic, that is, think how a name is pronounced in German, and how does the Russian Cyrillic script produce that sound? JOHANNES. The Cyrillic spelling begins with the letter “I – eye”, but pronounced “eee”, so we have phonetically “eee-o-hann” which sounds like “Yo-hann”. You can see it better in typeface – Иоганн , which letter for letter reads as “I-o-h-a-n-n”. The modern Typeface script is radically different than the old hand-written Cyrillic script. Use the guide which I sent to you. Ivan is the Russian equivalent of Johann, and it pops up occasionally in Church records. JOSEPH / JOSEF. Listen to the way the name is pronounced in German – “yo-sef”, also “yo-sif”. That “yo” sound is produced by the Cyrillic script letters “I” and “o”. Again you can see it in the typeface. Иосеф and also Иосиф. And sometimes Joseph appears as , transliterated as O-s-i-p. Similar to all languages and scripts, Cyrillic spellings are not consistent. The “a” ending indicates a male name. JAKOB. There is no “Jay” sound in the German language. -
Sacred Concerto No. 6 1 Dmitri Bortniansky Lively Div
Sacred Concerto No. 6 1 Dmitri Bortniansky Lively div. Sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vo Sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, 8 Sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va, Sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va, 6 vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh 8 sla va vovysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh bo gu sla va vovysh nikh bo gu, sla va vovysh nikh bo gu 11 bo gu, i na zem li mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, bo gu, i na zem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem 8 i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir 2 16 inazem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh, vo vysh nikh bo gu, inazem li mir, i na zem li li, i na zem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li 8 li, inazem li mir, sla va vo vysh nikh, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li, ina zem li mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li 21 mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li mir, i na zem li 8 mir, i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir, i na zem li, i na zem li mir,mir, i na zem li mir, i na zem li mir, inazem li, i na zem li 26 mir, vo vysh nikh bo gu, i na zem li mir. -
A Structural Analysis of Mide Chants
A Structural Analysis of Mide Chants GEORGE FULFORD McMaster University Introduction In this paper I shall investigate the relationship between words and im agery in seven song scrolls used by members of an Ojibwa religious society known as the Midewiwin. These texts were collected in the late 1880s by W.J. Hoffman for the Bureau of American Ethnology and subsequently published in their seventh Annual Report (Hoffman 1891).1 All the pictographs which I shall discuss were inscribed on birch bark and used by members of the Midewiwin to record chants used in their ceremonies. According to Hoffman (1891:192) these chants consisted of only a few words or short phrases. They were sung by single individuals — never in chorus — and were repeated over and over again, usually to the accompaniment of a wooden kettle drum. In a previous study (Fulford 1989) I analyzed patterns of structural variation among these pictographs and outlined how three complex symbols — the otter, bear and bird — evolved from clan emblems into pictographic markers. The focus of my earlier study was purely iconographic; in this paper I shall explore the verbal structure of Midewiwin chants in order to show some of the ways in which they were pictographically encoded. For the sake of convenience, I have limited my discussion to song scrolls sharing the otter symbol. Six of the seven scrolls that I shall examine contain this marking device. Although one (designated Scroll C in the appendix) lacks an otter, it displays many other formal similarities with Hoffman published transcriptions and translations of 23 songs performed at the White Earth Reservation in northwestern Minnesota. -
Alphabets, Letters and Diacritics in European Languages (As They Appear in Geography)
1 Vigleik Leira (Norway): [email protected] Alphabets, Letters and Diacritics in European Languages (as they appear in Geography) To the best of my knowledge English seems to be the only language which makes use of a "clean" Latin alphabet, i.d. there is no use of diacritics or special letters of any kind. All the other languages based on Latin letters employ, to a larger or lesser degree, some diacritics and/or some special letters. The survey below is purely literal. It has nothing to say on the pronunciation of the different letters. Information on the phonetic/phonemic values of the graphic entities must be sought elsewhere, in language specific descriptions. The 26 letters a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z may be considered the standard European alphabet. In this article the word diacritic is used with this meaning: any sign placed above, through or below a standard letter (among the 26 given above); disregarding the cases where the resulting letter (e.g. å in Norwegian) is considered an ordinary letter in the alphabet of the language where it is used. Albanian The alphabet (36 letters): a, b, c, ç, d, dh, e, ë, f, g, gj, h, i, j, k, l, ll, m, n, nj, o, p, q, r, rr, s, sh, t, th, u, v, x, xh, y, z, zh. Missing standard letter: w. Letters with diacritics: ç, ë. Sequences treated as one letter: dh, gj, ll, rr, sh, th, xh, zh. -
NEWSLETTER Message from the President
MAY 2021 VOL. 10, NO. 2 AATJ NEWSLETTER Message from the President Hello everyone! Happy spring and almost summer! Recently, my social media feed has been full of friends near and far pos:ng photos of spring: blooming flowers, green hills, and sunshine. In my Monterey Bay neighborhood, I’ve been enjoying gazing at baby harbor seals and their moms wiggling around on the rocks. Spring brings new life and hope. Every year. No maIer what. Along with the nature posts, I’ve also been seeing lots of “I got my second shot!” vaccine posts as well as joyful photos of families reuni:ng aMer having to be apart for such a long :me. Many more Ann Jordan of us are vaccinated, CDC guidelines are relaxing a bit, schools are beginning to resume in-person learning, and our lives are cau:ously star:ng to shiM to a different normal. Although it’s s:ll not possible this year, we are star:ng to see the day soon when we can once again travel to Japan with our students. There’s a feeling of op:mism and a sense of apprecia:on for things we may have taken for granted before. Something that we took for granted in the past was large in-person conferences, which we enjoyed just as much for the opportunity for networking and reconnec:ng with friends and colleagues as we did for the inspiring and prac:cal professional development. ACTFL will once again have to be virtual this fall, and we don’t yet know about AATJ Spring Conference 2022, but this year’s first ever virtual Spring Conference was definitely a success. -
Tggetation Mapping and Community Description of a Small Western
Glenn M. Hawk Department of Forest Science Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 tggetationMapping and CommunityDescription of a Small WesternCascade Watershed Abstlact \Tatershed 10 is a 10.24 ha watershedp-reviously used as an intetrsivesrudy site by the Oregoo"rhe ConiferousForest, Biome..projecr of the tJS/lBp ilnternational Aiobgiiri p;gram,.'Through useoi.an.esrablrshed trail andgri-d sysrem as well asa sremmap ofdl treeigrearerthan'i5 cm cDn,+ Lqrndrvrdual map unrrs ot ptanrcommuniries were delimited. These nere grouped into seven pluflrcommunures a-od tour habrratrypes. I mapand describe sttuctural vegaatio! characteristics of lheiecommunirres lor rheenrire ware.\hed Introduclion Compreheosivestudies of ecosysremprocesses, such as nufiient and carbon flow and cycling, require thorough basic biological and physical descriptionso{ the system.The "state need for the basic suweys or descriptionsto provide variable" data essentialto ecosystemmodeling efforts is often unappreciated.Eveo lessunderstood is the potential use of vegetation or plant communities as a basis of stratifying a srudy area into en- "compartments." vironmentally and biologically homogeneous Such compartmenrsor subareascan be particulady useful when dealing with a diversetract such as a mountain watershed.Various processes,such as transpiration or photosynthesis,ian be simulated separately for each compartment, eliminatiog rhe less desirable approach of developing a single averagevalue for an entire, often highly diverse,watershed. The basic approachused in describing the plant commuoitiesand habitat types of ITatershed 10 (Y/S-10) and the resulting descriptioosare the subjectsof this paper. Iflatershed 10 was an intensive study sire for the Coniferous Foresr Biome project o{ the US/IBP and is the presentsite for postJogging perturbation studies.The basicvege- tation surveywas an esselrial element in determinationof standing crops and in indeo- rifying environmentallyhomogeneous areas within this diverse watershed.