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Macroalgas Marinas Bentónicas Del Submareal Somero De La Ecorregión Subantártica De Magallanes, Chile

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Macroalgas Marinas Bentónicas Del Submareal Somero De La Ecorregión Subantártica De Magallanes, Chile See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265293883 Macroalgas Marinas Bentónicas del Submareal Somero de la Ecorregión Subantártica de Magallanes, Chile Article in Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia · December 2013 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-686X2013000200004 CITATIONS READS 3 140 7 authors, including: Andres Omar Mansilla Marcela Avila University of Magallanes Arturo Prat University 175 PUBLICATIONS 604 CITATIONS 41 PUBLICATIONS 333 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Jaime Ojeda University of Magallanes 36 PUBLICATIONS 89 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: HISTORICAL AND RECENT BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN SOUTHERN OCEAN MARINE MOLLUSKS WITH CONTRASTING DEVELOPMENTAL MODES View project Phylogeography, population genetic structure and connectivity of the Subantarctic crab Halicarcinus planatus, the first alien marine invertebrate discovered in Antarctica View project All content following this page was uploaded by Sebastian Rosenfeld on 03 September 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile), 2013. 41(2):49-62 49 MACROALGAS MARINAS BENTÓNICAS DEL SUBMAREAL SOMERO DE LA ECORREGIÓN SUBANTÁRTICA DE MAGALLANES, CHILE SHALLOW SUBTIDAL BENTHIC MARINE MACROALGAE FROM THE MAGELLAN SUBANTARCTIC ECOREGION, CHILE Andrés Mansilla1,4, Marcela Ávila2, María E. Ramírez3, Juan Pablo Rodriguez1,4, Sebastián Rosenfeld1,4,5, Jaime Ojeda1, & Johanna Marambio1,5 ABSTRACT The area of channels and fjords belonging to the Magellan subantarctic has a high diversity of macroalgae, in relation to the temperate areas of South America. Geomorphological changes, the geographical position in a high latitude together with the climate change in this region create a series of coast marine habitats with a significant environmental heterogeneity, where a diverse benthic marine flora take place, which are not still known, that has evolved in an adaptive way to these changes. This research was developed under the 16 fjords CIMAR program in 2010, aboard the scientific research vessel Abate Molina, under the “Marine Benthic macroalgae of the Region of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica “project. This paper gives information about a total of 57 species of macroalgae in the region, with representatives of the Rhodophyta (51%), Ochrophyta (Class Phaeophyceae) (37%) and Divisions Chlorophyta (12%). Takes into account the floristic affinities of the sectors studied and deals with the flora of the Antarctic continent, and also incorporates 7 novel macroalgal references to the subantarctic Magellan ecoregion. Key word: Seaweed, floristic composition, distribution, Magallanes, Sub-Antarctic ecosystem. 1Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes. 2 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Arturo Prat, Puerto Montt. 3 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Área de Botánica, casilla 787, Santiago, Chile. 4 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, IEB Chile. 5 Magister en Ciencias Mención Manejo y Conservación en Recursos Naturales en Ambientes Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes. Recibido: Nov. 15, 2013 Aceptado: Dic. 14, 2013 50 A. MANSILLA et al. RESUMEN La zona de canales y fiordos subantárticos de Magallanes, presenta una alta diversidad de macroalgas, respecto a las zonas templadas del sur de Sudamérica. Sus cambios geomorfológicos, su posicionamiento geográfico de alta latitud y sus cambios estacionales, crean en esta región una serie de hábitats marino-costeros con una importante heterogeneidad ambiental donde ocurre una diversa flora marina bentónica. Esta biota ha evolucionado de manera adaptativa a estos cambios y requiere ser investigada. El presente estudio fue desarrollado en el marco del programa CIMAR fiordos 16 realizado el año 2010 a bordo de la nave de investigación científica Abate Molina. Se realizaron muestreos mediante buceo autónomo sobre la diversidad de macroalgas, en 17 sitios de los canales y fiordos magallánicos. Un total de 57 especies de macroalgas fueron recolectadas e identificadas para la región, con representantes de las Divisiones Rhodophyta (51%) Ochrophyta (Clase Phaeophyceae) (37%) y Chlorophyta (12%). Se abordan las afinidades florísticas de los sectores estudiados y con la flora del continente antártico. Se registran 7 nuevos taxa para la eco-región subantártica de Magallanes. Palabras clave: Algas marinas, composición florística, distribución, Magallanes, ecosistemas subantárticos. Principal atención, por su diversidad, merecen la región intermareal y submareal somera, que son precisamente las más pobremente estudiadas. La INTRODUCCIÓN historia de la exploración de la región se inicia aproximadamente con las expediciones de Charles La región de Magallanes con una superficie Darwin y el Capitán Robert FitzRoy (1834), quienes de 132.033 km2 (Pérez, 2000), es el área fueron los primeros en emprender un estudio representativa de los ambientes subantárticos de metódico y sistemático de la biota accequible mayor extensión en el mundo (Rozzi et al. 2012). para la época. Posteriormente una serie de Desde un punto de vista biológico, es una provincia expediciones europeas entre las que se destacan: biogeográfica con alto grado de endemismo, pero Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn (1882- que incluye también componentes antárticos y 1883), Wissennschaftliche Ergebnisse Sudpolar- especies presentes en el centro-norte del continente Expedition (1901-1903), Deuxieme Expedition sudamericano (Meneses & Santelices, 2000). Por Antarctique Francaise (1908-1910), Botanische su difícil acceso debido a su topografía y clima Ergebnisse der Schewedischen Expedition Nach poco amigable para la exploración, la región de Patagonien und dem Feuerlange (1907-1909), Magallanes tiene un impacto relativo de la actividad Nereis Australis (Algae of the Southern Ocean) antrópica. Este hecho motivó a la UNESCO a (1947) y Lund University Chile Expedition (1948- decretar la zona más austral de Magallanes como 1949). Sin embargo, son escasos los trabajos Reserva de la Biosfera Cabo de Hornos, por ser que aportan al conocimiento taxonómico de las considerada un “hot spot” de biodiversidad de macroalgas de esta región. Entre las contribuciones organismos criptógamos (Rozzi, 20051; Rozzi et más destacadas tenemos los trabajos de Hariot, al.2006; 2007). (1889), Skottsberg (1907); Kylin & Skottsberg Debido a su heterogeneidad ambiental (1919); Lemoine (1920) y Levring (1960). Magallanes presenta no solo una gran diversidad A mediados del siglo XX surgen las de algas, sino también de algunos grupos de primeras contribuciones ficológicas australes de invertebrados y vertebrados marinos con un científicos chilenos, en particular las realizadas por elevado grado de endemismo (Moreno & Jara, Alveal et al. (1982), Ávila et al. (1982), Romo 1984; Fernández et al. 2000; Camus, 2001). et al. (1984) y Santelices & Ojeda (1984) en 1 Rozzi, R. 2005. Biodiversità e benessere: il caso del Sud Ame- Puerto Toro e Isla Navarino, orientadas al estudio rica. www.filosofia-ambientale.it. MACROALGAS MARINAS BENTÓNICAS DE LA REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES, SUR DE CHILE 51 Fig. 1. Localización de las estaciones de muestreo en la región de Magallanes durante el programa CIMAR fiordos 16. sobre la factibilidad de utilización de los bosques ha sido errónea. de Macrocystis pyrifera, donde se abordaron La región subantártica de Magallanes aspectos bio-ecológicos de estas poblaciones. presenta un ecosistema marino caracterizado Desde entonces, excepto algunas contribuciones por presencia de glaciares, cambios de mareas, (Ramírez & Santelices, 1991; Ramírez, 1995, y corrientes, entre otros, que repercuten en la 2010; Mansilla & Navarro, 2003), la flora marina composición y distribución principalmente de los de la región de Magallanes ha sido poco estudiada. organismos bentónicos (Gerdes & Montiel, 1999; Existen aspectos de la flora marina Gutt et al. 1999; Ríos, 20072; Ríos et al. 2010). bentónica que aún no han sido abordados, La heterogeneidad ambiental existente en los por ejemplo, escenarios biogeográficos de la ecosistemas marinos de la región de Magallanes macroflora de la región y sus conexiones con el se debe a los proceso de oscilaciones climáticas continente antártico e islas subantárticas. A pesar ocurridas durante el Cuaternario (Provan & de haberse descrito un elevado endemismo para Bennett, 2008; Hewitt, 2000; 2004). En cuanto la región, algunas de las especies tipo no han sido al continente antártico éste permaneció totalmente colectadas nuevamente y por lo tanto, no ha sido aislado hasta la apertura del paso Drake y el ratificada su distribución, existiendo un grado de surgimiento de la corriente circumpolar antártica incertidumbre respecto del número real de especies (CCA) ca. 38 millones de años AP (Barker, 2001; en la región. Por lo tanto, es urgente ratificar su 2 Ríos, C. 2007. Marine benthic communities of the Magel- presencia e identidad para conocer con exactitud lan Region, Southern Chile: contribution of different habitats to el grado de endemismo en la región y para re- the overall biodiversity. PhD Thesis, Alfred Wegener Institut for Polar and Marine Research-Bremen University, Germany. 122 describir especies cuya
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