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The tudeE Magazine: 1883-1957 John R. Dover Memorial Library

7-1-1944 Volume 62, Number 07 (July 1944) James Francis Cooke

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Recommended Citation Cooke, James Francis. "Volume 62, Number 07 (July 1944)." , (1944). https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/215

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C PHRASE FROM “THE STARS AMD STRIPES FOREVER." . PHILIP SOUSA USED BY "PERMISSION OF CO., OWNERS OF TMR COPYRIGHT >| CHURCH 'S “Symphony ” No. 1, ‘Jeremiah,’ has won the award of the New York Music Critics Circle as the season’s outstanding new orchestral work by an American composer. The composition had been given its first per- formance early in the season by the -Symphony Or- chestra, with the composer conducting. The award for the best piece of cham- ber music was given to the “String Quar- tet” composed by Sgt. Andrew Imbrie. This work had its premiere in a concert by the International Society for Con- temporary Music, when it was played by the Bennington Quartet.

THE MUSIC SCHOOL SETTLEMENT Of HERE. THERE. AND EVERYWHERE New York recently celebrated its fiftieth anniversary with a concert by the chorus IN THE MUSICAL WORLD and and a number of the stu- dents. The Settlement opened in 1894 DR. SERGE KOUSSEVITZKY. distin- with ten pupils and now has an enroll- THE MUSIC STUDY CLUB of Navasota, first week guished conductor of the Boston Sym- ment of 1050. The teaching staff num- Texas, presented, during the annual Music phony Orchestra, who on July 26 will bers ninety. of May, its twenty-fifth Week idea, and the anniversary program celebrate his seventieth birthday, was being the first to sponsor the Music tendered a testimonial dinner in May, THE EUTERPE GLEE has been of very good. The orchestra in recognition of his twenty years as CLUB of Poughkeepsie, Week idea and the anniversary program formed to give children in the city a featured special concerts and church conductor of that celebrated group. It New York, recently gave very fact that new cultural activity. The particularly fitting that this event fifty-fourth concert, services under the general chairmanship was its the members have come on time to re- Miss Julia D. Owen. should have been sponsored by a com- dedicated to its accom- seldom have of hearsals and that they mittee of leading American composers, panist, the distinguished their enthusiasm been absent indicates for in no small way does the American composer -pianist. Dr. nine-year- DAME ETHEL M. for this sort of thing. Little composer owe Dr. Koussevitzky a debt Charles Gilbert Spross, as old Rosalie Craven, who plays the first SMYTH, world known celebrates of profound gratitude for giving first who this year possessor of a Strad- composer, author, jour- Dr. Charles violin, is the proud performance of his works. In fiftieth anniversary to many Gilbert Spross the ivarius. Ronald Schutz, also nine, has a nalist, Suffragette, and appearance fact, it was this special fact that seemed of his first very fine one, too. The athlete, died on May 8 Guarnerius, and a to the theme of the testimonial. The Dr. Spross, who was born be with the club. majority of the performers have had at Woking, Surrey, Eng- notable ca- dinner card, instead of presenting the in Poughkeepsie, has had a years’ musical training. Ron- land, at the age of about two menu, gave list of the titles of more reer as composer, pianist, and organist. began a ald’s father is violinist in the orches- eighty-six. She a than one hundred and fifty compositions He has toured as accompanist with many the study of music very tra at Henry Miller’s Theater. The pro- Uam£ Ethel by Americans which Dr. Koussevitzky artists, including Fremstad, celebrated gram of the first concert included March early, and at ten was M. Smyth Schumann-Heink, Gluck, Garden, Anna and had made known to the public. Of these, of the Priests from “Athalie,” by Men- composing hymns compositions, espe- before the sixty-three were first performances. Case, and Amato. His delssohn; Andante Cantabile con Moto . In the period just cially his songs, are much in demand. she was a leading fig- from “Symphony No. 1 in C minor,” by First World War woman's suf- MRS. DANIEL GUGGENHEIM, widow of Beethoven; Turkish March, by Mozart; ure in the agitation for of Daniel Guggenheim, and widely known SUMMER MUSICAL EVENTS are in full frage, this cause having inspired one Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum, by De- sponsorship of the free con- getting under way in various compositions, March of for her band swing or bussy; Intermezzo from “Cavalleria Rus- her best-known included certs of the past twenty-five years in parts of the country, with crowds flock- Allegro from the Women. Her larger works ticana,” by Mascagni; York City, died on May 13 at her ing to hear the programs in spite of and a Mass. She New . . presented by Two Great All-American Institutions “Concerto in minor,” by Vivaldi- operas, symphonies, • A York. active in In Philadelphia number of lit- home in New She was traffic hardships. famed and Ballet Music from “Faust,” was also the author of a Nachez; many fields of public welfare and civic Robin Hood Dell inaugurated on June erary works. by Gounod. betterment, but her chief interest in late The great NBC -built Orchestra These are but three of Seven World 19 its 15th season with an all-Brahms years probably the bringing of free program, the conductor being Dimitri was concerts to millions during the stirred the emotions of its vast Premieres performed on the Gen- Mitropoulos and the soloist Artur Rubin- band summer months. In 1937 Mrs. Guggen- stein, pianist. In our national capital, the radio audience with first perform- eral Motors Symphony of the Air elected honorary life asso- Watergate Concerts by the Watergate Competition heim was to ciate membership in the American Band- ances of these scores written in by this great Orchestra during the Symphony Orchestra began on June 11, with Hans Kindler conducting the open- masters Association. work guar- America ... by Americans ... on 1943-44 Season. Concerts to come, ing concert. The Ravinia Music Festival THE SOCIETY FOR THE PUBLICA- publication of the winning anteed. The closing date is December 1, THE NEW JERSEY FEDERATION OF in Chicago opened on June 27. Several TION OF AMERICAN MUSIC has and all details may be secured from the CLUBS, Mrs. Lewis James Howell, themes close to American hearts. promise equally brilliant first per- noted conductors will direct the Chicago announced its twenty-sixth annual com- MUSIC American United Temple Chorus, Lawrence, Long president, recently celebrated its twenty- Symphony Orchestra in these programs. petition. Composers who are " ” formances. (native or naturalized) are in- Island. fifth anniversary with a three-day con- Dr. ’s Dunkirk In Detroit a series of eight Detroit Sym- citizens vited to submit manuscripts. These should held in Newark. Concerts of out- phony Twilight Concerts, conducted by vention conducted by Dr. Damrosch . . . with be mailed between October 1 and Novem- A PRIZE OF ONE HUNDRED DOL- standing excellence featured the pro- The NBC Symphony Orchestra Karl Kreuger, and sponsored by the from ber 1. Full details may be secured LARS is offered by The H. W. Gray Com- Frank Black at the piano. Foundation, grams of the festival and many distin- Grinnell Music began on Mrs. Helen L. Kaufmann, 59 West Twelfth composer of the best —presented each Sunday by Gen- pany, Inc. to the guished musical groups from all parts June 17 in the University of Detroit Street, New York 11, New' York. submitted in a contest sponsored ’s "The Four of the state contributed valuable and Stadium. In New York the Philharmonic by The American Guild of Organists. ” eral Motors (5:00 to 6:00 p. m., entertaining numbers. Freedoms Symphony, inspired by the Symphony Orchestra at the Lewisohn THE EIGHTH ANNUAL PRIZE The closing date is January 1, 1945. Full and the Goldman Band on the information may be secured from The Rockwell paintings. EWT) — brings much in musical Stadium SONG COMPETITION, sponsored by Norman Guild Organists, 630 Fifth THE RAFAEL JOSEFFY Mall in Central Park are drawing the the Chicago Singing Teachers Guild, is American of Avenue, New York 20, New York. MEMORIAL of New York AntheiTsSymphonyNo.4—hymn-like greatness to millions of music usual enthusiastic crowds. announced. The award is one hundred dollars, with guarantee of publication of City has given its entire American tunes... triumphant marches. lovers and students. A CHILDREN'S ORCHESTRA has been the winning song. Manuscripts must be A COMPOSITION CONTEST open to musical library to the mailed between October first and fifteenth, of Illinois in organized at the Metropolitan Museum all composers of American nationality is University and full details may be secured from Mr. Music of the cele- of Art in and is giving- announced by Independent Pub- memory America's Ho. 1 Network Foster Avenue, Stay tuned to the E. Clifford Toren, 3225 lishers. A cash award of five hundred excellent concerts to which the public is brated Hungarian- Chicago 25, Illinois. dollars will be given the composer of the cordially invited. The children have been American pianist, Ra- winning composition and also publication practicing at the museum two mornings fael Joseffy. At his AN ANNUAL COMPETITION to be of the work will be assured, with royal- Rafael week during the summer, under the death in 1915 Joseffy a called the Ernest Bloch Award has been ties on sales and fees for public perform- Joseffy' left a very extensive direction of Walter Mantani, who is also established by the United Temple Chorus ance going to the composer. The closing National Broadcasting library of musical literature which had Company in charge of the student orchestra- at of Long Island, for the best work for date is September 15, and all details may years. Stevens Institute. The orchestra is open v'omen’s chorus based on a text from or be secured from Independent Music Pub- been assembled over a period of to any city child who can play any in- related to the Old Testament. The Award lishers, 205 East Forty-second Street, This consisted of foreign editions, no fifty dollars, New York 17, N. Y. It’s a National Habit strument well enough to take part. Most is one hundred and with longer procurable, of orchestrations, scores, of the applicants have been accepted piano compositions, works of A Service of Radi* and Mr. Mantani says the children are (Continued on Page 418) Corporation ot America JULY, 1944 'TORW'ARD MARCH WITH MUSIC” 373 Editorial for the IflS/# irun etpp ** *** W> (P <**?*-» *• f 1ID GJ QJ (B I Wlu,!c end “Plant Worat. PUBLISHED MONTHLY 8 PHILADELPHIA, PA. BY THEODORE PRESSER CO., staff SOLOIST FOLIOS AND advisory and thus to invade the rights and strength of the working man. RUBANK editorial the early years of the century your Editor has FRANCIS COOKE. Editor VER SINCE of music Each collection includes a fine selection of solos, both transcriptions dr. JAMES this was in the minds of some of the advocates Editors expanding employment Whether of their proven Ava Yeargain, Assistant been pointing in these pages to the and original works, which were included because Guy McCoy and with whom we have been used time Peery, Editor, Music Section his- with work, we do not know, but the leaders popularity in form. Many of them have Dr. Rob Roy of music in industrial life. The idea is so old that its various local. State and National Contests. Gest N. Clifford Page E relieve the and time again on Elizabeth see is to Harold Berkley Edna Fort talked have had no such idea. The objective they George C. Kirk Peter Hugh .veed the remote past. Men and women for ages Medium difficulty. Pietro Deiro Dr. Henry S. Fry torical roots sink far into Gehrkens Dr. Guy Maier William D. Kevclli comes with machine produc- Dr. Nicholas Douty Karl W. Dennis-Roosevelt Expedition worker of the deadly monotony which Published for CLARINET, CORNET, TRUMPET, SAXOPHONE, TROM- have sung at their work. The famous (Eb or F, BASS (Eb or BBb) and XYLO- human mind and body than many can BONE, BARITONE, HORN • asks more of the BY THEODORE, PRESSER jungle music suggest that, centuries before our tion which PHONE. Each folio, complete with Piano $1.00. -FOUNDED 1883 records of African endure. They regard it as a means of sparing the worker from country was discovered, tribes on the Dark Continent instinctively think, feel, primitive chants which m becoming a whirling cog in a machine with no time to RUBANK RADIO COLLECTIONS turned the rhythm of their labors into 1944 some eerie man- or realize his right to the beauties of the world. MODERN GEMS (Contents for ner changed It seems certain that in the future a new field will be opened to Includes light classical and semi-popular numbers of moderately easy breadth, social experience, No. 7 PRICK 25 CENTS drudgery into a musically trained people, with human difficulty such as Dark Eyes— Home on the Range— Deep River— London- VOLUME LXII, derry Air— Carry Me Back to Old Virginny— Cradle Song—Serenade— etc. kind of tribal glee. and understanding. Every plant will have its musical director who THE WORLD OF MUSIC 373 As labor has re- will direct the musical program going out to parts of the factory POPULAR CLASSICS EDITORIAL adjusted itself reached by the amplification system. In “Factory Management and following: Music and “Plant Morale" 375 Contains splendid easy-medium concert arrangements of the Maintenance” for October, 1943, R. L. Cardinell, Industrial Spe- Song of India— Humoresque—Souvenir— Salute D'Amour—Elegy—Cava- from hand crafts- Serenade from Les MUSIC AND CULTURE tina—The Swan—Melody in F—Traum der Sennerin— manship to ma- cialist at the Stevens Institute of Technology, contributed an article, Millions d'Arlequin,— etc. Adult Beginner Jane, the of How Music Helps the Salvation Army Kninyeline H >oth 377 chine mass pro- “A Guide to Music in Industry,” which is a very valuable study Published for CLARINET, CORNET, TRUMPET, SAXOPHONE, TROM- i lames Fran, .178 When the Great Day Comes (An Editorial reprinted by RCA and anyone desiring infor- BONE, BARITONE, HORN (Eb or F), BASS (Eb or BBb) and XYLO- ."*79 subject. This was The Story of “The American Debussy >ider duction, music has the PHONE. Each collection, complete with Piano .50. $ American Music for American Eugene G<> ens 381 followed. Years mation on the subject may secure it without obligation by writing MUSIC IN THE HOME ago in London we to RCA, Dept. M26, Camden, using a business letterhead.

A Wide Selection of Unusual Records Peter Hu<;h /i f 382 Crys- Mr. Cardinell says in part : “It is possible to arrange programs RUBANK PUBLICATIONS are r . heard at the The Etude Music Lover’s Bookshelf B Meredith : a 383 fac- distributed by all music tal Palace a huge for specific operations .with extraordinary results. In most MUSIC AND STUDY dealers and jobbers. operations is such 738 S. CAMPBELL AVE. CHICAGO 12, ILLINOIS tories, however, the variety of being performed The Teacher's Round Table Dr. Guy Muter 384 contest of indus- Let Phrasing Solve Your Difficulties (Part 2) Leonard 385 that any musical pro- The Flair for Latin -American Music (Part 2i Xavier Ct gat 386 i gram must of necessity How Much of Singing Can Be Taught? 387 I Started at Forty Erie R B rater 388 >- be a compromise. Studies ; Bells for Peace James R Lawson 389 Ear-Training Carol M Bitls 3JO have not progressed far The Municipal Band An American Institution. . . . .1 ranklyn L W Itse 391 A enough to link specific M usici anship Builders Well-Developed Vibrato Harold Berkley 393 Questions and Answers Dr. Karl W Gehrkens 394 musical selections with The General Wanted a Wedding March .Laura Helen Co upland 395 TODD SHIPYARD WORKERS Harmony Book For Beginners A Master Lesson on a Fascinating Bach Prelude. ...Orville A. Lin pnst 396 RELAXING BETWEEN SHIFTS specific industrial op- Technic of the Month—Prelude in B minor. Op. 28. No. 6 . erations. By Dr. Preston Ware Orem by Frederic Chopin Dr. Guy Maier 417 A Text-Book that Lays a Most Substantial Foundation for Real Musicianship MUSIC “At the present time by Making the First Steps in Harmony Easy to Grasp. It is brief, simple, trial bands. The prizes were high and the vital, practical, and distinctive. Excellent for class or private instruction, Classic is need for at and Contemporary Selections Apart from there a as well as an admirable book for self-help. It gives the main essentials of the Twilight interest simply incandescent. in the Valley.'. Maryan West 397 subject in a simple, understandable and interesting manner. It is a harmony Summer Dawn least two distinct types hook "without rules," presenting, in colloquial language, all of the funda- Frederic*.- A i* 398 an American football game we never had Finale, from Sonata in ,. mentals up to and including the Dominant Seventh Chord. Price, $1.25 C j ,, ldn 400 of musical program. Mu- Prelude spirit rivalry. All too feebly m C Major. .J. S. Bach ( With a seen such a of Master Lesson b Orville A. Linda . si I 402 y sic for production William it nr, 403 most Theory and Composition of Music The Colonial the usefulness of music in industry was New March R R 404 ' Hall * is decidedly Lucinda V . . processes John Fink, Jr. 406Anf: realized in America. Industrial plants here By Dr. Preston Ware Orem . . William Scher 407 different in nature from An admirable book for those seeking a practical knowledge of Harmony as and there organized bands and choral so- Focal and Instrumental applied to constructive and analytical work, for those seeking an insight into Compositions used for mental Little Bin u.-v.u.um music Form and Composition, and for those wishing a knowledge of modulation Voice) Frank rreu 408 cieties. Not in every case were they suc- and other Theoretical details. It aims to continue, in the same plain and Mountain Idyl Organ) Harold K V 410 work. This latter classi- practical manner, the studies begun in the Author’s "Harmony Book for A Sorrowful Story Z cessful, but this was due usually to a lack (Violin and Piano) 411 Beginners." It also develops, side by side, a knowledge of Melody Writing. Eluableth Fyffe fication includes office Composition, and Musical Form. Price, $1.25 vision the part of executives or to Delightful Pieces for Young Player, of upon ian ° DUOt work, drafting rooms, 1 Myra selection of indifferent, inexperi- Adler I Arr. by Geoffrey Mont- .«> 412 the an The Art of Interweaving Melodies Fairy" Danc^ design departments, and Kitty’s Breakfast Song ' enced leader. In many industries the mu- j With school. It is the control room Words ) . . 414 is not in a radio station or in a music By Dr. Preston Ware Orem Ragged Rachel Ada'^chler No, this (Pickaninny Dance) Camden, Jersey. most j obs where thought '.Dtnitiiy MUIer DuTP 415 sical organizations were found to do much in the industrial plant of the R. M. Hollingshead Co., New This is first study in for students of all ages. The author treats a Technic of the Month Ferd Obeck. Director of Broadcasting, and "Pat" Paterson. Program Director. processes are involved the study of counterpoint as a method of making enjoyable music, not as the relieve of our mechanical PrelUde F Ch in to the humdrum assignment of a group of mathematical problems that must be solved. Of °P - OP- 2*. No. 6 (With 416 Lesson by Dr Guy Maier ) to a much greater ex- a thorough knowledge of harmony is presupposed before course, taking THE JUNIOR era, and now all over the country there are up this book. Price, SI. 25 ETUDE . ... is fallacy that zealots for “Music with Work.” In 1929 Kenneth S. Clark issued, tent than physical movement. It a common music has MISCELLANEOUS Manual of through the National Bureau for the Advancement of Music, a no place in such work, but the success of many existing installations Ed * tor an<^ Musicoiogist (Car, 389 By Dr. Preston Ware Orem Barfd^QuesUfms^Answ-ered Engei, field to that date in the book, “Music tends to prove its value here as well as on the production line. 392 very excellent survey in this up Saving Storage Space William D Herein student this 392 exception is where telephones are in constant use. The of book soon sees from the author’s explanations and original Voice Questions Answered Gladys M. Stein in Industry.” One allowable illustrations that anyone with average intelligence may learn something of Organ and Questions Dr Sichn,as the Resources of Fugue Construction, going into Imitation in Two Parts: Answeredd “Among the good sources for music are the transcription li- Violin Questions Henry S. Fry 421 World War II has multiplied mass industry in a way which shat- Imitation in Three Parts; Double Counterpoint in the Octave, in the Answered Tenth, Harold Berkley 423 in particular has recorded and in the Twelfth ; Countrapuntal Sequence Fugue transcription library music ; The Form braries. ; The Tonal ters all previous conceptions of production. With it has come the One and How to Analyze a Fugue. Fugue ; Price, 75 cents through electrical transmission and ampli- especially for industrial purposes, but special reproducing equip- '‘adefthc P ‘ al introduction of music AckofMaleh ‘l’, °‘ Ph:U - p“ ‘Z^t, 'HM “l 'l' U. S. A. and ^ 1944, by Theodore Presser Co., ;• r Great Britain. millions now listen daily to music while they work. ment must be used because the disks are vertically cut. In certain MUSIC PUBLISHERS fication so that Presser available over a leased wire service. Theodore Co. AND DEALERS Some shortsighted labor leaders at first looked upon this as a veiled areas this library is $ Rio. Cuba. 11 Costa 1712 CHESTNUT ST„ PHILADELPHIA 1, PA. I>*miiiicai^RepabUc ?' Cotombii, *44 radio as a source of music is not recommended for % 1SS!3?‘ E1n?? production through exciting and rapid rhythms “The use of SjIvjdo'- Guatemala, k attempt to speed up I A Republic c3 H n : Mexico. Nicaragua. ur«\l° p j (Continued on Page 424)

374 "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC" JULY, 1944 375 THE ETUDE recollection of a music nor- but my first Music and Culture Piano method. The first pieces the Richardson Culture book were lumpy affairs composed Music and fn Mr R?chS-dson’s notes. You played a piano key that 1 of whole Middle C with your sturdy right- v^were told was same time to manip- ed thumb endeavoring at the key played an octave below with ulate a corresponding of your left hand. While holding 1 feeble little finger down firmly, you counted aloud, “1-2- Beginner these two keys Jane, the Adult on to the next pair of fingers. This Hqw Music Helps i» then passed hazardous, as, while you combination was even more your right-hand second finger, could easily push down time to match up with the vou had at the same fourth finger of your left hand. entirely inadequate the Salvation Army \ller weakest in your equipment, bij. 2 This finger, being the in the world. Again you counted didn’t have a chance the piano until you had “1 2-3-4” and proceeded up with you worked down again A Conference no pairs of fingers left. Then p/°n°, wos o widely used pedagogical work for Me started. To keep you going, a metronome Miss Angela Diller, author of many valuable and to where you University. Alter studying ,ro°d, ouoilofEdwadMacDowell and Dr. Percy Goetschius at Columbia °f wagged noisily and inflexibly alongside. You began David Mannes Music Schoo returned to America where she taught at the “worked it up faster for next time.” Noth- she Un er% slowly and also has been on the faculty of he " the Diller-Quaile School of Music. She \ remotely resembled music, except £luanc^eline d3ootli of Boston._lEolio Note. ing in the process the New England Conservatory of Music in J California. Mills College, and the piano and made a noise. that it was done at International General, Retired Jane’s approach to piano playing was far more entertaining and varied, as it included three lines of The Salvation Army pieces; then learning cudgeled study—first, learning to play to burned steak and the liquid ice cream, and I GENERAL BOOTH IN THE SALVATION ARMY UNIFORM STEADILY increasing number of adults who read; then learning to play chords and to make up what we’d better talk about. I go children, now want to do my brains as to something along each never “took” music as and found some . We did of because out a boxful of family photographs SECURED EXPRESSLY FOR THE ETUDE BY ROSE HEYLBUT something about it. It is perhaps largely three lines at every lesson, and this is how we Jane said, “Oh, wasnt he these A ’ as very small boy. of Ted a in the air —on the radio and the Cross, stands as the there is so much “music treasure them went to work. The Salvation Army which, with Red learn beautiful! May I have them? I would on records—that so many older people want to Learning to play pieces came first, as the important world's greatest agency for good works, regards music as one diamonds.” So, we stuck them up in a low the most more than its potent instruments. The mission of the organization to play. They usually turn to the piano as thing was for Jane to get going and have at once the of most Then she said, “Music must be fun to on her bureau. is to save, and its saving reaches out, not through abstract available instrument. This new phenomenon in music a piece that sounded like unethlng. inseparably allied. You must have feeling in music , and Kreisler—have encouraged us the piano ” This seemed fun of playing a special do. I’ve always wanted to play dogma, but through practical charity. Though the work of the teaching is getting so numerous that it has save time, her first pieces were taught b imitation or it is lifeless; you must have harmony in feeling by their congratulations. Yet our music has not been a brief intro- To it, to be a leading of the Lord, so we had Army is evangelical, the average citizen thinks of as the Beginner. is war but the bitter fruit evoked by wealth or endowment. Our bandsmen re- name, the Adult directly on the keyboard without using - printed or there is discord. What soft pedal held where people tor help. The help is never failing; and so ductory session at ten P.M., with the place go is an excellent specimen. She is twenty-two, music. typewrite, inharmonious feelings? Every composition springs ceive not one cent of remuneration for all the time Jane Jane can so much of it is administered through music. In probing the value of an Adult; and she certainly qualifies the composer’s heart; our and toil they give, early and late, days and she qualifies as her fingers curved naturally of music in the mission field, The Etude has sought an opinion from a specific purpose in on work early remarks was, “I’ve as a Beginner. One of her and we dia not have to talk from Evangeline Booth, retired International General of the music springs from an exhaustless thirst to bring rest days, under all skies, arctic and tropical. Re- music; what is that always wondered how you read about “hand position.” Salvation Army, daughter of its founder, and perhaps the knowledge of the Saviour to the hearts of men. The peatedly, the quality of their work earns them calls thing they call a quarter note?” best-known and best-loved symbol of salvation in the world. first thing a converted man wants to do is to sing. from well-paying professional groups; yet they always perfect darling. inherits the zeal Jane is my latest niece-in-law, and a "Did I Do That?" Born on Christmas Day, Evangeline Booth Thus, there is a philosophy behind our use of music. reject these tempting monetary offers from the out- very lovely to look upon, and is a delight- and the gifts of her intrepid lather. At an age when most girls' side. Their sacrificial service (Continued on Page 420) Also, she is Her first piece was called When the Greeks built the city of Thebes they had sophistication. I had lives are filled with gay nonsense, she was down in the darkness ful combination of naivete and it inspired them that The Katydid. I played it for changed music played, and so with my nephew, Ted, when they of the London slums, where her courage and charity met her a year ago her while she watched my the stones seemed to move into place of realize brooding opposition into enthusiastic admiration. Known as came to see me in New York, but I did not themselves. are trying to build a better hands, and we both sang the "the white angel," she had an entirely volunteer bodyguard of We that there was anything “serious” between them. that the music of rev- words. She asked. Isn’t that street urchins and waterfront roughs. At twenty-three, Evan- world, and we find the Army and spent Then Ted was inducted into of all work in London, of repentance teaches I said, "Not geline Booth assumed command Army erence, of comfort, country with a too hard for me?” several months in various parts- of the together with the supervision of the International Training Col- the noblest aspira- the way you're going to learn faith and gives birth to Unit. last letter from him was given herself without stint Chemical Warfare My lege. For over fifty years she has tions. voice it, dearie, because we’re going from Georgia, so I was surprised to hear his to the work, in all parts of the world. to break it down into what is over the telephone the following week. He began, “This In 1898 General Booth took a mission and nursing corps into Music That Cheers called rhythmic outline. You Connecticut, home on a ten -day fur- a the Klondike. During the first World War she placed the entire is Ted. I’m up in. “Our street music, of trumpets and tam- see, play only one hand at disposal of the Govern- are you, and how is the music teaching you resources of the Salvation Army the lough. How bourines, is meant not merely to attract tune is (of which she is a citizen and business? Can they all play The Star-Spangled at a time, and the ment of the ) under front-line fire. For these services, attention. Attracting attention is impor- endearing habit of inquiring made entirely of a single little organized missions Banner?’’ (Ted has an enterprise, but the chief dif- President Wilson honored her with the rare Distinguished Serv- tant to any great his elderly relatives.) I said I was pattern that you repeat in into the affairs of General Booth's hobbies are "The Army," humanity, attract attention piano. ice Medal. concern is what you that right, thank you, and they all could, or would very ferent octaves at tire all and music. She is a harpist of professional caliber, and is from and what you attract it to. Our use on, “Have you anything on for Tues- That's easy enough, isn’t it?” soon. He went equally at home on a dozen other instruments, reed and attention away from simple of music is to attract I said, “No. What’s doing?” And he replied, So Jane first learned a stringed. composer of distinction, she has written both the day?” A and attract it to the principal over-worldly thoughts “Jane and I are going to get married; can you come outline version of the words and music of many popular hymns. Today, in the air-raid spiritual. As a girl, I would sing in the worst out?” So that's how Jane became my niece. notes of the tune, in order to shelters of London, Salvation Army bands give regular concerts and among the most de- saloons of London, accompanying myself on get accustomed to moving to uphold the morale of the people, Soldier's Bride manded selections are hymns of General Booth’s composition. the accordion, and many of the men would A around freely and rhythmi- stop drinking and sing with me. They went back to Georgia and had the usual ex- cally the keyboard. Then on “Street music, however, by no means rep- married Army people these days. quick notes periences of young she put in all the work. as Ted resents the whole of our musical They found a little place near the Camp, and as a sort of "decoration,” and and MISS ANGELA DILLER IN HER STUDIO WITH A FAVORITE PUPIL Music forms an important part in our got home nearly every night, they kept house in less ten minutes she than officers. In all our Training domesticity. Then, “TT IS NOT BY ACCIDENT that the Salvation training of cooked and did the dishes in blissful playing like a veteran. was use of music,” General Schools, voice culture, instruments, har- told that all the wives Army makes constant after a few weeks, Jane was down firmly so as not to disturb the neighbors. After she could play the piece with ease. I showed moving. So J- Booth states. “Music belongs to God. It is of God mony, and composition are taught by thor- would have to leave, as the troops were The next morning Jane said, “Could we go on with her the fairly compli- printed music, which does look created Him. realizes that something oughly equipped musicians, all of them Sal- York and stayed with me in my our music?” She stayed and was by Man she came up to New in town for a long week-end cated, and she said in voice, "Did I do an awestruck more than the material is in him, and this he ex- vationists. Many belong to families who little apartment. This being what a friend calls, “My during which we had no word from Ted, and we “did that?’’ three genera- continuous picnic music” presses in music. Is there any other influence that have been Salvationists for maid’s year out,” she and I had a our every day. The following is a brief account All her the same other “pieces" were learned by carries the power of music and song? Music, you see, tions, inheriting the tradition of our music together and became delightfully intimate. of her first excursion into piano playing. method. I played them for her until she got the gen- the atmosphere home. appeared. His whereabouts were is the quickest educator in the world. It is the master as part of warm of In a few days Ted eral idea analyzed of the speed and style. Then we of order, time, courteous obeisance; it expands the And what is this tradition? To do good is very mysterious and, of course, no one asked ques- An Eager Student them, finding out the easiest things first what places every sound. Thus, staying in an embarka- — poorest mental understanding; it makes people milder, the purpose of note we tions. But we supposed he was Jane is very intelligent and takes a good lesson, as were alike, where the music made patterns, and any- kinder. It gives birth to highest aspiration, and kills the Army is bright in its music. By no tion camp near New York, as he came in or telephoned she is eager and knows how to concentrate. At the thing in the way of short memorizing that she or- neglecting the music of pathos, would not be able to cuts to the ignoble with one blow of melody. And so our means we daily He had told Jane that he end of five .lessons her accomplishments were as fol- could find. We even began the Chopin Prelude in C ganization utilizes the all-conquering influence of try to make people glad. let her know if or when he was going overseas, but lows; she had memorized four pieces (including a minor, playing first the outline chords by rote music to break down what is evil and build up what “Our music is kept simple and true, and didn't hear from him for three days it stylish selection called Swans of the that if she in the Moonlight in- and then filling in the other notes. is good. I have known a murderer in his cell to re- the plain people take it with them into their would mean that he had gone somewhere. volving a Debussy-ish use of the pedal) she ; had read Always for her regularly for week. Jane was doing the discovering, sist every word I spoke; but when, taking up my workshops and their kitchens. All our text- We saw or heard from him a twenty-five pages of an easy piano book; she had learning was more important than teaching. She guitar, I sang to him, ‘Just as I am without one plea, books and all the selections in our band One Friday evening we prepared a beautiful dinner learned a good deal about scales and chords and my could usually ended up anything. for me,’ burst into journals (over two thousand arrangements) (for pooled all our by saying, “Now, don’t say but that Thy blood was shed he of his favorites—steak which we make up accompaniments to tunes. Best of all she See if I can mistake pray. are written Salvationists. sirloin) aspar- said, “Isn’t it easy? play it the first time without a tears and asked me to by Our bandsmen available points and got a thick, juicy , I love it!” which, in a way, is the performance for “Music creates conviction; more than that, it reveals number nearly sixty thousand and our agus, ripe olives, strawberries, and ice cream with all All of this is very different from the standard of way I was anything God; songsters, over eighty thousand. and waited for him to appear. brought up musically. from The Katydid to a Beethoven sonata. the compassion of Symphony—a consonance of The world’s the fixings; then sat Contrary to traditional teach- Then we learn- sounds, and sympathy a consonance of feelings, are greatest artists—among them Sousa, Sir- nine o’clock came and no Ted, we ate the ing, fortunately, as a youngster began the second part of the lesson— — GENERAL BOOTH AT HER FAVORITE INSTRUMENT When I was always allowed ing to read. Jane naturally (Continued on Page 427) JULY. 1944 "FORWARD WITH MUSIC’’ 371 376 "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC’’ MARCH THE ETUDE : ! : ; —

Music and Culture Music and Culture

Story of “The American Debussy” When the Great Day Comes! The

Often we hear Charles T. Griffes spoken of as "The American _ Plan for a Peace Day Celebration Debussy," although this is unquestionably an injustice to the A very original and distinctive genius of an American composer Charles T. Griffes about whom altogether too little has been printed in the past. Griffes was boro September 17, 1884 at Elmira, New York. At Debussy (1862-1918) was living in Rome as a Grand -An clJilottal !>u tyamei 2rrancU that time Prix of the Paris Conservatoire. Griffes died in New York in 1920. In his short life of thirty-six years he produced masterly works which have become a permanent part of the musical EACE to hate even them. They need our help DAY! Victory Day! Armistice and literature of our country . Editor's Note. our love. “Father, forgive Day ! Whatever we may call it, the tre- them; for thev Pmendous is know not what they do.” moment coming when the gifted. Pleasure Sharp’s “Sospiri di Roma,” told me he had written powers of will Our fathers’ to Thee, N THE AFTERNOON of April 8, 1920, I received a The “Sonata” for piano, “The and darkness be vanquished by the God, When the great day of Peace comes, the telegram reading, “CHARLES GRIFFES DIED of Kubla Khan,” “The Kairn of Koridwen,” “Poem for some piano compositions on the poems, one being The powers of light. celebration will be national. The Etude pro- I TODAY.” Naturally, my first reaction was per- and Orchestra,” many songs and piano composi- White Peacock which he played for me. He also played In Author liberty, tions, as well as other works, had given ample proof parts of “The Kairn of Koridwen” and a number of November, 1918, just before the real of poses that every half hour on lb,' dock hour, sonal; then came the realization of what his death piano Armistice Day, would mean to music. For among our composers there of this. works. It was there that Griffes offered me the America went through a beginning with the Peace announcement and was no question that Griffes was one of the most The telegram was no surprise. No man could live dedication of The Night Winds. To my regret I did rowdy celebration of a “fake Armistice,” To Thee we sing. continuing during the day, the last verse of long who never al- not accept it, telling him I preferred my name on which was more like a wild' New Year’s Eve lowed himself any something more characteristic. The Night Winds was America be heard and sung in the streets, in spree than a period relaxation from un- first conceived as a song, as were several of his other of rejoicing over the Long may our land be bright the schools, in the churches, in the camps, on ending toil. Griffes piano compositions. termination of a great war. In the first World the ships afloat, in the homes, in the taught at Hackley stores, Early Years War, America as a whole had suffered rela- With freedom’s holy light School, also training the offices, the theaters, in the fields, the fac- Charles (his mother’s tively little in the loss and directing the Tomlinson middle name) of precious lives. Those tories. Throw wide open the doors of the choir, the entire Griffes was born September 17, 1884 in Elmira, New who had passed on made an immortal monu- Protect us by Thy might. churches and have the organs play this grand school year. As soon York, where he passed a happy boyhood in a happy ment to American ideals, courage, and honor. vacation time household. There was school; long walks through the hymn every half hour. as woods covering the beautiful country surrounding Now, we are approaching the climax in a Great God, our King! came, he went direct Hail to Heroism! apartment in Elmira; the gathering of many wild flowers common vastly different to his war involving the entire that region; listening the birds; If possible, have its melody New York, where he to to and the games world. and connotation Yet the Dove of Peace is soaring high literally shut himself and sports of a normal boy. amplified to the streets in the universal lan- Very early Griffes showed marked interest in in the heavens and sooner or later will de- in for three months a guage of music. music, playing accurately from ear, melodies he had scend benignly upon a devastated to compose. planet. heard to the surprise of his family. When he was six Hail to Freedom One critic has said, — This will be one of the ! belonging epic moments in his- “Griffes is dead, worn years old a young man to a musical group Let every radio station tory and will mark the opening of a period from coast to coast out by drudgery and having an engagement at the local Y. M. C. A. was brought home by Griffes’ father. It was from this put on this hymn every half it a stupid world's mis- which we believe will make clear to all sur- hour, so that use.” Knowing Griffes young man that Charles had his first venture with understanding with all nations can be heard by millions, this way viving people, as never before, the horrors, that we ca and m the keys of the piano. He was taught Moody and come as I did was to rea- to that blessed security that broadcast to the world Sankey hymns, and ballads popular at the time. the dangers, and the futility of war. This is St. Augus the deathless principles lize that “drudgery” With tine had in mind when for which the departure of this young man it was decided by all vital, because war depends largely upon he wrote in “The fit our brave men and women have was his pleasure, his the family that Griffes’ eldest sister was to give him of God” given their joy. The “misuse” in “the will to war.” Hereafter, in world affairs, lives. the piano. no way seemed to lessons on As usual, these lasted but a “Peace is our Final Hail to the international bruisers who see no way of Good.” Kit; lit! trouble him; he de- short time. His interest lagged and seemed to be wholly The great responsibility We, for painting. surviving except by incessant fighting, must of the Unite as an American people, must make this sired only to be let Very early he had shown a marked interest in colors, be put Nations is that of rooting occasion alone to have time to under control, just as any gangster out the militar one of prayers of gratitude and re- orange for a time being his favorite one. It is told cancers write the many ideas in the enemy joicing visits his grandmother’s, must be dealt with by the law. Well might countries, amountin and not permit it to degenerate into clamoring for ex- that on to after greeting her, Schiller possibly to one hundred a he would rush to the garden where he spent hours say in “William Tell” thousand militar moronic carousel, a mob jamboree wholly pression. The long months Hackley looking at the marigolds. Griffes never lost his en- “Peace is seldom war-mongers in centers of unworthy at denied to the Peaceful” cruel intolerance of the tremendous portent of the thusiasm for colors, which were related by him to whose School were lived in monstrous orgies on historical sound. Much later he associated certain colors with What can you, as a music lover or as a mu- the altar of th hour. anticipation of the religion certain keys. sician, of hate, done to the freedom he was to do when the great hour comes, to pre- music of the un Hail to Peace! speakable in his apart- vent spontaneous hymns of hate, including The have An Unusual Talent joy, which accompanies the the Hors readers, young and old, of The Etude, Wessel Lied, ment where most of announcement of Peace, have revealed to the may There were no more piano lessons until his twelfth from being given world a cul turn themselves into a mighty army of his composing was over entirely of diseased maniacs year. Confined to his room recovering from typhoid to a frenzied spree, with rioting, responsible in the nas tireless organizers You, done. ten to bring this about. fever, Charles heard his sister practicing a Beethoven shouting, yelling, years for the death of as In one of my visits inebriated crowds in the some forty milli a unit in this enlist Sonata which so captured his attention that he re- 01 army, must ceaselessly with Griffes, he asked streets, people These fanatical and senseless cascades of old paper followers of t ie enthusiastic solved to learn it. He begged his sister to teach it to the Junk interest of all you meet. Get me if I knew “The ers and the samurai him and to begin his lessons again. This time he pouring down from the skyscrapers? Surely must be controlled them to Pleasure Dome of or u organize groups all class- ou of the way, p of people of applied himself so assiduously that he made rapid we do not want to turn our recognition not in spirit of es Kubla Khan” by of the revenge 01 o and all creeds and ready progress. It was the same old story—the teacher of a hate, but as a all races to be Coleridge, repeating coming victorious peace into a pagan Satur- surgeon cuts out a with great talent was beset to keep ahead of her pupil. She cancer t, bands, orchestras, performers, and it from memory. He nalia, save the life of a suggested that her brother go to her teacher, Mary dancing over the bodies of our heroes patient-in this ease sound said, “I am going to v installations to musical Selena Broughton, at Elmira College, a woman wide .sat, on For the meet this vast write a symphonic of What can you do, through music, to make this dopes „f these and militar - fc patriotic responsibility as a culture and much experience. atics, there must be which you, poem on it,” and go- tremendous event properly signify the end of some plan to At once Miss Broughton’s interest was awakened by make then musician, will be Then, ing to the piano he our realize that they honored to assume. her unusually gifted pupil whom she led through the real enemy, the malignant “religion are not entitled w parts of to any en the it played the of it modern par magnificent moment comes, and rich literature of the piano, suggesting books for the hate,” with which millions m cmlization that had come to him. of people in until they cannot boy to read which she discussed have s< come too the with him. She also Europe and ordered their lives as soon, we may show to It was some months the Orient have been indoctri- to become decent encouraged Griffes to compose. Of these early at- him c ’ beings^ is " v*Dzation is onward, ruled, later that I heard the nated? What can you do, through incompatible going tempts, unfortunately I know almost nothing. But it music, to with ChrisH^ notTkby the work had been com- demonstrate religion of hate, but by the religion was probably at this time that he made an arrange- to the world that our faith in o pleted. He then o\e, By courtesy of The Musical Quarterly ment of the Barcarolle from “The Tales of Hoffman,” God honor, high ideals, and spiritual free- and in the best in mankind still remains wanted to know what which tie played in one of the local concerts—and om v\ ich are CHARLES TOMLINSON GRIFFES the foundations of American I thought of William later described to me with some amusement. 378 life and faith. "FORWARD MARCH 1944 WITH MUSIC” JULY, "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC” SI9 rue TTUDE - A i

He expressed himself Culture by his individuality. in man Music and more trying than mediums-orchestral, Music and Culture ing and teaching there was no forms and many dramatic songs, and piano works. Cl had chamber music, from 1907 until his death “world’s misuse”—quoting Ttefact that Griffes In spite of the the critic to give a continuous salary seems sufficient —Griffes 'was fortunate in having his compositions poverty that s °n 10 r works were his abject , dramatic staged; the stories of J® ? performed. His several face of the a s During this period he began organ lessons with Mr. circulated after his death. In the principal orchestras played “The Pleasure have been of our Dome incredible that these stories should his “Poem for George Morgan McKnight; these lasted a compara- seems of Kubla Khan” and Flute and Or- is pio a tively short time, as Griffes did not like the organ. given credence and even put in print. It songs were presented, and many American Music for chestra." His pianists this, wou Even his great love for Sebastian could that some well-meaning friend thought on their Johann Bach ' played his compositions programs. In all, in Giiffes woi an not awaken an interest in this instrument. be a quick way to arouse interest recognition, but far from what he which the apparent deserved. 1903 Miss Broughton felt her pupil’s devel- There were financial family obligations waiting By that In the spring of 1918, when at Camp Merritt shoulder, but these were opment was such that she had nothing more to give composer had promised to Griffes came to see to be sent overseas, me several than those of any family man. him, and she resolved that her protege must study in no greater burdens these visits he brought American Orchestras times. On one of the manu- Berlin. On May 12, 1903 Charles gave a farewell recital “Sonata” which The French Influence scripts of his beautiful we went over assisted by three singers. His program was from the carefully. He also told me of some things he was Chopin, Shortly after Griffes’ return to the United States works of Daquin, Mendelssohn, Liszt, and upon and some of which he works of the modern engaged dreamed of Brahms. There were two numbers on it from his pen, his interest was roused in the Conductor Tells What Kind of Music future doing. I was fortunate enough to get a pass which A Renowned two songs for soprano that had been written in 1901 — French composers in whose music he saw his enough to spend an personality. The two allowed me time afternoon and Sur ma and Si mes Vers avaient des Ailes—with way—the liberation of his whole the evening at Hackley. After living for months in bar- poems by Saint-Beuve and Victor Hugo, respectively. creative periods of Griffes are strongly marked: He Seeks from American Composers and racks, entering Griffes’ rooms—the rooms of a sensi- In every way the concert was a success. The reviews of first under the influence of the German school, tive, cultivated man—was an experlem can never it spoke glowingly both of his playing and compositions. the second in which he turned away from it and found His books and his pictures all reflected Charles was graduated from school the following himself in that of France and Russia. His most beau- forget. the Hearing the new "Sonata” took me back June. The two months before he was to sail for Ger- tiful and individual work belongs to this period. It is man. to a forgotten. I left at evening, many were spent feverishly studying German and idle to speculate where his genius might have led him world I had taking with (?u C^iKjene(^ucpene \-^ooSden6 volumes of “Verhaeren,” his gin to making preparations for his departure. August 13 he had he been granted a longer life. Scarcely reaching me two me which middle Griffes. left surprisingly large I kept with me all through service. I aw him sailed on the Grosser Kurfurst for where he age, has a but Conductor, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra once more. Then the telegram. remained four years, although originally it was to number of compositions—a world of beauty marked have been but three. Griffes enrolled in the Stern Conservatory. His first piano teacher there was Dr. Jedliczke, pupil of Nicholas Rubinstein exceptionally brilliant address made by Mr. Goossens at the a and Tchai- The following is an extract from an kovsky. He studied composition with Bartholomfi Cincinnati in March. The Etude regrets banquet of the Music Teachers National Association in Rtifer, the composer of two operas and many instru- address in its entirety. Mr. Goossens that paper restrictions make it impossible to print this mental works for orchestra, and studied theory with to young composers. ore practical, constructive, and inspiring. and should be invaluable Max Julius Loewengard, a pupil of Raff and an author Passing of a Distinguished liditnr remarks in 26, 1883, the son of many textbooks on music. Eugene Goossens was born London , May was educated Griffes, whose idea of Germany had been formed of a well-known Belgian operatic conductor. He Conservatory, the Liverpool College of Music, by such books as Jessie Fothergill’s ‘‘First Violin,” and Musicologist at the Bruges Royal College of Music in London. From 1911 to wrote that he found the country quite the opposite and the too, that there d soon be a There- have. I am not saying his daily office. I’ll wager, 1915 he played violin in the Queen's Hall Orchestra. too, for that matter—than I from what he had imagined it. His letters from Berlin “write return to the clear, cool, limpid orchestra of Mozart s assistant conductor (with Beecham) until that the composer is, in any sense, compelled to after, he became super- were quite enthusiastic over the city, the people, his Ballet, day, and an immediate reaction against the 1920. After conducting his own orchestra, the Russian down” to an audience in order to secure a sympathetic studies, the concerts, operas, theaters, and all that a bardmcnts of conductor of the fluously oversized orchestra of today. But that is purely the city was the theater of all important and the opera at Covent Garden, he became hearing, nor that there is a “short cut which even great center of culture has to offer. The criticisms he Nazi meetings. Since then he has appeared as Rochester Symphony Orchestra. the most idealistic of us can afford to take in getting conjectural. made in his letters are of great interest, giving Dr. with many of the foremost orchestras of the invited some thirty well-known Engel studied composition In Munich with Lud- guest conductor our message across. (If any man has ever been accused Some time ago I glimpses of his future development. wig Thuille. world. Since 1931 Mr. Goossens has been conductor of the to contribute to a series of patriotic fan- He came to the United States in 1905, be- of writing esoteric abstractions, that man is myself.) composers Cincinnati Orchestra, bringing the orchestra to an omazing of our last coming editor of the Boston Music Company from 1903 fares with which to open each concert An Important Decision works tor stage, height of orchestral virtuosity. His numerous to limit themselves to 1921. In the latter year he took the position of chief A Few Imperfections season. I specifically asked them him in the front ranks of Griffes formed a close friendship with a very intel- orchestra, and chamber music place percussion instruments, as of the Music Division of the of ingress, later it is unquestionably a if possible to brass and Library ( original creators in the musical art of today. For instance, to be specific, ligent young German who soon saw that his gift for the nature of the piece. It is becoming president of the firm of G. Schirmer, Inc., composers are not yet aware of cer- being most suitable to composition was greater his talent fact that many than for the piano and editor typical that only thirty per cent of them did so. Sixty of The Musical Quarterly. Hr was a mem- tain fundamental facts in connection with the listen- and brought Charles to see this. He then wrote to his woodwind instruments, ber of many it capacity for per cent couldn’t resist adding distinguished musicologica 1 .societies and ing apparatus or shall we call the mother, “If I want to anything in composition I — do was decorated while the remaining ten per cent wrote fanfares for by the French Government with the in “Modern assimilation?—of the average audience. Most of us feel that I ought to have a good foundation,” and WO YEARS AGO in an article need hardly add, proved Cross of the Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. His overestimate the faculty of the audience for full orchestra. These last, I begged to be allowed to remain in Germany another Music” entitled “The Public, Has It Changed?”, still unsuitable. This is just one instance of the irre- compositions were known and appreciated by a select absorbing the intricate idiom of a too-rapidly shifting most year. This friend wrote to Mrs. Griffes, preparing her I wrote the following: temptation group of his T fabric of sistible way we seem to succumb to the loyal woven for the change her admirers, but were insufficiently concert primarily for entertainment. harmonic texture, or the too-thickly in son’s aspirations, and told her “People go to a color. Maybe it’s due heard by the public. overpolyphonic work, or an excessively integrated of over-luxuriance of orchestral of the remarkable development he had made “as an quibble about it? The doses of uplift and culture an Dr. Why to listening to too many of those lush, cream-puff, Engel had a rare, almost chameleon -like gift of subconscious contrapuntal essay in composition, or the complex all-round musician.” they absorb in the process are purely the meeting strangers, slithery, radio orchestrations where they worship During last adapting his personality and men- composers and conductors web of sound of the modern orchestra. the year of Griffes’ stay in Berlin he and incidental. The sooner wail of the saxo- tality to their least five out of god of portamento, and where the changed several his teachers. Dr. objectives and making them feel a possibility of a person being at one Is it not a remarkable fact that at of Jedliczka became acknowledge the clear freshness of string special sense of so-called “popular” phone quartet pollutes the ill, his appreciation and personal interest. likewise enter- seven of the symphonies of the and on the advice of his physician gave up teach- and the same time deeply moved and saxo- He had large only for a tone. (I have no personal grudge against the ing and left Berlin. Griffes then studied numbers of friends who will remember sooner will both discover the composer Sibelius can be programmed piano with tained by music, the glutinous decoction of four of im for his kindness, musically well-versed audi- phone, per se, but the a young pupil of Leschetizky, Gottfried Galston, from as others will value his practical secret way to the hearts of their audience. highly sophisticated and work in that them for an hour on end is rather like a steady diet whom he learned the famous pedagog’s methods. When his field. Unostentatious, he would seek to “Composers can no longer afford to preserve that ence? Any conductor of experience will tell you ring things “Fourth,” “Fifth,” “Sixth,” or of molasses.) Loewengard left for Hamburg, Griffes studied with about," and many were unaware of his attitude of subjective isolation which results in long, to program the “Third,” personal “Finlandia” But all this has to do with the purely orchestral William Klatte—at one time Repetiteur under Strauss efforts and contributions various artistic symphonic works filled with a morbid “Seventh” symphonies by the composer of in sententious there are other and more im- movements, initiates, is courting a aspect of the case— at the opera in Weimar. Humperdinck succeeded as, for instance, his efforts in inducing self-contemplation, and devoid of the one element before any but an audience of Mrs. Eiizabeth this is the case portant ones. Riifer as Griffes’ teacher in composition. Sprague Cpolidge to make a splendid which puts them in sympathy with their audience. The lukewarm or apathetic reception. If g o the Library music, how much more understandable The compositions he wrote in Germany—the most of Congress, which provided for a public, in short, insists upon adopting a very realistic with Sibelius’ Strong Thematic Material S contemporary ambitious, a “Symphonische Phantase” for orchestra music 11311 and valuable additions to our attitude about the whole business, and there is little is it in the case of many samples of non TL vagueness. I wonder if all nationa 1 library. much more important it is, in I spoke just now of thematic — bear the influence of the German composers. The He was proud of his American natu- one can do about it. I have known audiences to strive Americana! And how ization composers should ponder it would be possible for all the composers of this songs, though especially marked by Griffes’ individu- and worked energetically for American with all their might to find the key to a work which the light of this, that we country and others too, for that matter—to take a ality, show the influence of Strauss and Brahms. the composer has so effectively hidden that he might over some of the imperfections in our music which — concerning the actual “stuff” of which Upon Griffes’ return to the United States in 1907. writing the work serve to create additional barriers between the public solemn vow 1111 111 ***ctiudinps wiui pcuyi© have spared himself the trouble of recital anH cm ii i are striving to get across to them. their music is made? I’m old-fashioned enough to be- he gave a at the College in Elmira on July 24. m a11 walks of serious at all. This is not a matter of ‘idiom.’ The opus can and the message we . life, and his loss is a piece of Again two of his compositions were nn Excessive thematic vagueness, indistinct melodic line, lieve that it is impossible to write a good on the program— mU 3 art ln the New World. be as contrapuntally, harmonically, and rhythmically nr v ! or picturesque music unless it is based on really worth-while thematic Si mes Vers avaient des Ailes and Nocturne from DR. CARL ENGEL Engelsf Ufe ‘advanced’ as you like. (The public will probably like thick, clumsy orchestration, lack of vivid . was one of high ethical ideals with whi h v are only a few material. I’m willing to wager that every single one “Suite for String Orchestra,” and an arrangement of ° 3 it all more for that.) But there comes a psycho- qualities, too much abstraction—these Ways reconciled the many practical prob- the lemc i. of “audience of those scores lying in my office right now would Strauss’ Wiegenlied. The papers reported the concert " rtS logical moment in any piece of music when, unless of the contributory causes for the lack forced to meet daily. The great minister very favorably, anri n ,, K1 the scores lying stand one hundred per cent greater chance of being remarking upon his growth pian- teriy, for U hCkt the composer has already established some kind of appeal” which so many—too many—of twelve years '- Henry Ward immor- chief of the i Beecher, felt that if the basic, fundamental thematic material istically. taliH" begalh with least a fraction of his audience, the in my office seem, fatally, to possess. Time and again, performed U Division of the Library 1 tWs 1116 haVe ‘rapport’ at of Congress and that those wh0 they’re built had been reconsidered, strength- In the fall of 1907, Griffes am passed ! ! ,f of orchestration faults which take on which accepted a position at many years president of U1 conductor might as well stop and proceed to the next elementary faults — the music SPeak ’ He wrote; Hackley School in Tarrytown, publishing fir time for adjust- ened, or otherwise altered for the better, before their New York, a short dis- G. Schirmer, Inc., died the item on the program.” up a conductor’s valuable rehearsal May 6 in New sun Boes below is not tance from New York City, where York set- the horizon, he surprisingly large number of composers had finally set to work on them. It just he was to remain Dr. Engel was born in r. I am not suggesting for a minute that a composer ment—crop up in a Paris, July 21 laa-i heavens low for his de- until . S a full hour after isn’t true that good workmanship can convert an his death. In many ways his stay at Hackley the great-grandson Dart>,r» has to make a compromise with his own artistic con- orchestral scores. If I had my way, I’d make it com- of Joseph W 11611 Kroll , a sky was an unhappy and trying founder great and good man sets, the listen intrinsically weak or worthless idea into a master- one, owing to a number Kroll Opera House in of this: n o! science in order to get his message across. Far from pulsory for every young composer in the land to Berlin" which through °r d 1S lumin°us sight. of exacting, unreasonable persons connected with a cu o n „ h long after he is out of half hour’s orchestral rehearsal every piece! Look at the composers of old! The works of the miscarriage of fate has become an it. No one has more jealously fought to preserve the to at least an the center of t cannot dle out When he (.Continued Page 418) school. But at least it was a charming place, and liv- movement in troeT h of this world. integrity of "pure” music and musicians day, as surely as every Catholic priest has to recite theirs least played and most on Berlin, and up to ? V6S ideals and — the time 0ftJe behhld much of himself. Being dead he speak^” 380 "FORWARD JULY, 1944 "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC” 381 MARCH WITH MUSIC” tup PTUDE ,

native Creole and was familiar with his Negro songs was a popular piano piece which owed Music in the Home Music in the The Banjo its Home Orleans. Maganini has made The March King origin to New an in- of thLs typically your reviewer first opened Mina Lewiton’s genious arrangement American com- When March King,” he assumed one which accentuates its wit and gaiety “John Philip Sousa, the position, in books manner. that it was one of the numerous color-plate a not inappropriate written exclusively for children. While it does provide Leroy Anderson has two novelties for strings made excellent work Pizzicato is that need, it is none the less an one of which Jazz particularly diverting’ for x The Etude cease to Wide Selection that both pieces for boys and girls of any age who never will A suspects, however, would One have appropriate be electrified by the magic patriotic throb that one fared better in a more jazz dress. Fiedler the inimitable Sousa, whose compositions with evident relish. hears in all the works of plays these which Breve Spanish Dance distinctive compositions still place him in a) class Falla: La Vida — No. 1; and him the most individual of all American com- Shostakovich; Polka and Russian Dance from makes of Unusual Records The writer works have Music Lover’s Bookshelf posers. We have no other whose Age of Gold; The St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, con- had such extended and long-enduring world recog- ducted by . Victor disc 11-8592. nition and at the same time are so unlike those pro- Although we have long needed a good recorded per- duced in every other land. formance of the Falla Spanish Dance No. 1 from The author states that when Sousa conducted a Indeed “Life Any book here by, J~^eter ^JduyliUCjl his prize-winning opera— Is Short," the same in performance of “Pinafore” in November, 1879 reviewed may be said for the Shostakovich music cannot since there both Gilbert and Sullivan were in the be secured from Philadelphia, MUSIC are a couple of adequate recordings of it. This modern THE ETUDE audience and enjoyed it. Because the children of MAGAZINE at the Ballet Music is not of great Russian consequence Philadelphia marched into assembly to “Heidelberg,” price given plus Since being an example of the composer’s youthful postage. ACH: Transcriptions for Orchestra; The Phila- of manners won a prize for its composer in 1932. style a foreign tune, Sousa wrote “The High School Cadets.” has tending toward ribaldry and vulgarity. Mr. delphia Orchestra, direction of Leopold Stokow- it is a gaily diverting and melodious score, which Golsch- American music for Americans. of our leading mann plays both compositions effectively, but B ski. Victor set M-963. found its place in the repertoire of most one The story is well told and is excellently illustrated suspects this disc will be valued most for The arrangements here are by Mr. Stokowski. There symphony orchestras, it should prove a welcome record- the Falla in color by Howard Simon. Dance. are four Bach selections in the set and one Palestrina. ing. Janssen gives the music an incisive performance. “John Philip Sousa, the March King” Dohnanyi: Quintet in C minor, The latter, which emerges as an anomaly in a set spe- Gottschalk (arr. Maganini): The Banjo; and Ander- Opus 1; Edward By Mina Lewiton Kilenyi (piano) and cifically marked Bach Transcriptions, is the four-part son: (1) Jazz Legato, (2) Jazz Pizzicato; Boston the Roth String Quartet. Colum- Pages: 60 motet Adoramus Te. The Bach works are the first Pops” Orchestra, conducted by Arthur Fiedler. Victor bia set 546. Price: $1.50 B WereM Cad,man movement of the “Sonata in E-flat” (known as a “Trio Although there is no lack of Publisher: Didier Dir, Herr Christ melodic flow hi this Sonata” for organ) ; Ich ruf’ zu Jesus music, it is, (Chorale Prelude) Prelude and Fugue in E minor however, of the lush-romantic ; or- Sketch-Book of Essentials or- der, A (No. 3 of “Eight Little Preludes and ,” for flowing smoothly along an un- of Music Edu- In 1895 Leo Rich Lewis was teaching French at Tufts By Lilia Belle Pitts, Associate Professor An Inspiring Anthology gan) and Es ist vollbracht (contralto air from the eventful course. There is ; none of Teachers College, Columbia University College in Massachusetts, from which he had been cation, been guided in your book selection “St. John Passion”). the wit and poetic distinction of If you, who have graduated in 1887. The next year we find him teaching Pages: 165 Etude Music Lover’s Bookshelf, want a very Stokowski’s Bach remains, as it always has been, the composer's "Quartet in D-flat,” by The , and since then these Price: $2.20 which your highly individualized in interpretation. There are those the theory and beautiful volume for your music room which the Roth Quartet previously Silver Burdett Company subjects have been the backbone of his fine career. Publisher: enjoy, your reviewer can recommend with who criticize his mode of performing Bach, contend- played in recording perform- friends will The Rheinberger in Munich (1889-1892) he emotional excitement A pupil of , pleasure Treasury of Best-Loved Hymns.” The vol- ing that the fervor and which ance here is satisfactorily attained. “A that rigid disciplinarian the fact that he brings to his interpretations are alien to the com- learned from Rise to Follow ume includes graphic, inspiring comments by one of Hindemith: Sonat.i in E (1835); secured the mastery of musical theory could not be of American clergyman, Dr. Daniel A. poser. To be sure, the swells and recessions and the is America’s most the foremost Edgar Ortenberg < violin) and No ordinary autobiography this of without hard work. This is reflected in his valuable illustrated with twenty-six powerful full-page obscure phrasing, in which he indulges, are not in line virtuoso, the internationally known Poling, Lukas Foss tpinno Hargall set is a work- famous violin traditional new book, “Do and Don’t in Harmony.” It in color and sepia by James H. Daugherty, with Bach performances. Stokowski tends Spalding. Born into a family which had made drawings MW-300. with thousands of illustrations of a Albert of to Bach’s music to the French nineteenth-cen- manlike manual is a twentieth-century reflection of the style relate great fortune in business (A. G. Spalding & Bros., who This remains one Hindemith’s type which makes your reviewer wish that it might a tury organ school of playing, of which he was a dis- developed into a social cypher. Michelangelo. most effective and n sslble cham- fortune to studied the art Inc.) he might have ciple. Since the virtuoso quality in Bach can no more have been his good have Treasury of Best-Loved Hymns” chose to live a life of labor in developing “A ber compositions. It does not strive gifted painstaking musicologist. Instead, he be denied than the deeply devotional, it is sur- with this and A. Poling not a musician. His great gifts, his fortunate By Daniel for grandeur but instead for me- “Do and Don’t in Harmony” his genius as prising to find Stokowski stressing these qualities. personal charm placed him Pages: 96 lodic eloquence and Ingenious har- By Leo Rich Lewis surroundings, and nis own Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D minor (Choral), in Chicago, Price: $2.50 monic coloring. Curiously, the in contact with all kinds of people. Born Opus 125; The Philharmonic Orchestra, with Pages: 272 Publisher: Pickwick Press he spent his early years in New York, Paris, and (soprano) Rosette opening movement recalls the Price: $2.00 , Anday (con- Paris in opening Florence; and then, following his debut in tralto) George Maiki (tenor) (bass) part of the first movement Publisher: Tufts College Press , , 1905, after the manner of the concert artist he has Chorus, directed by Felix Wein- of Franck's violin and piano spent most of his life in travel. The book has a charm gartner. Columbia set 227. sonata, yet in no way has the com- “A Weeping Willow for My and spontaneity which often are lacking in works in This recording, recently re-issued by Columbia, was poser been plagiari.si ir. For this is which writers tell the story of their lives for general originally made in Vienna in 1935. It is generally not a thematic resemblance but Brother’s Grave’’ public consumption. It is extremely readable and all acknowledged to be the best version of Beethoven’s one of movement. The work is in When Beethoven wrote the sketches of the last musicians will find it most interesting. “Ninth” on records. Weingartner was a great student two sections, the sec aid of which movement of his “Quartet in F, Op. 59, No. 1,” he “Rise to Follow” of Beethoven during his lifetime, and his monograph is a slow-quick movement, in which showed his emotional sentimentality by writing beside By Albert Spalding on “The Performance of Beethoven’s Symphonies” has the music is divided between poetic them, “A weeping willow for my brother’s grave.” This Pages: 328 long been a conductor’s handbook. This performance contemplation and a carefree is one of the moving quartets in what Lenz called Price: $3.50 shows the justness of Weingartner’s honest and sincere dance-like mood. The fourth side “Beethoven’s second period,” when the composer rose Publishers: Henry Holt and Company musicianship. There have been greater renditions of of the recording is given up to a to some of his greatest heights. Gerald Abraham, the “Ninth,” but none as yet have been recorded. Re- piece called Dedication by Lukas British critic, has written an extremely clear and in- productively this set is satisfactory, but not on a par Foss, (also for violin and piano), teresting analysis of these five quartets (Op. 59, Nos. Choral Music recording. prove with modern orchestral which reveals some original and 1, 2, and 3, and Op. 74 and Op. 95), which must With the rich development of choral work in our for Strings in E Foote: Suite major, Opus 63; The effective writing for the violin on very useful to lovers of chamber music. country there have come into being a number of ex- Orchestra, direction of Boston Symphony Serge Kous- the part of this talented American “Beethoven’s Second-Period Quartets” cellent books upon choral training. Many of these are sevitzky. Victor set 962. Gerald composer who won the Pulitzer By Abraham quite redundant. Others are painfully like a candi- Arthur Foote (1853-1937) was one of the talented Price: 85 cents Award in 1941. Mr. Ortenberg, re- date’s thesis for a degree. Some are so arid that it late nineteenth-century England group of New com- cently appointed second violinist Publishers: Oxford University Press would seem that the authors were seeking to secure posers. As teacher, pianist, and organist, he occupied to the String Quartet, an honorary D.S. (Doctor of Stupidity). Not so the a conspicuous place in the musical life of Boston up play's both works admirably. Mr. War’s Effect Upon Public School Music new book, “Fundamentals of Choral Expression,” by for Strings,” originally to his death. His “Suite written gives practical, scholarly, and compre- Foss, an accomplished pianist, Lilia Belle Pitts, while President of the Music Edu- Hayes M. Fuhr, a for and played by the Boston Symphony in 1896, is a re- things which in this day him expert coordination. The cator’s National Conference, must have done a great hensive presentation of those well-made work, melodically fresh, in good taste, and rehash of old, LUCREZiA cording is nicely balanced. deal of thinking inspired by innumerable questions choral directors must know. It is not a illustrative of the composer’s fine craftsmanship. It BORI AS THE DUCHESS OF TOWERS that is very fresh IN “PETER IBBETSON Schumann (arr. Taussig): Ths about what the teacher should do to adjust music worn-out means, but contains much comprises three movements—a Prelude, which builds Smuggler; Chopin-Liszt: The Be- teaching the needs war -shattered world. Her and original. dramatically, a Pizzicato Serenade, in the style of to of a disc 10-1089. Wish, of Choral Expression” xj turn Home and The Maiden’s replies, therefore, are doubly significant in her re- “Fundamentals Tchaikovsky—which is interrupted by a Poetic Adagi- Louis Moreau d Gottschalk (1829-1869) was »' 1 of Seventeen Polish Sergei Rach- cently published “The Music Curriculum in a Chang- By Hayes M. Fuhr etto, a fugue of songful character. Koussevitzky, a talented mnnin Songs; and American pianist, who acquired Pian0) fame on - Victor ing World.” Pages: 107 admirer of this music, features it in three contf H-8593. long an his pro- nents. He wrote considerable “r/ and piano music which teachers will welcome this recording. The work shows the author’s strong and healthy Price: $2.00 grams yearly. His is a vital and ingratiating perform- his day was widely ^ for thoUi played. Born in is Publishers: University of Nebraska Press New clear>. incisive, always lucid, understanding of the fundamental problems which ance. Orleans, he Schema »f and it takes thousands of teachers are now confronting. The book Barber: Overture to School for Scandal; Janssen a SmuS9 ler is good fun, but good ni 1St * <’ cee l) *he Neither is essentially practical in suggesting means and ma- |||||5g gggg \ MBS® || Symphony of Los Angeles, conducted by Werner of the ch music well in line. Pm pieces Janssen. Victor disc 11-8591. Is easy to perform, but Rach- terials to be employed. The well-planned diagrams will records maninnfr ,?i aJS t *lem w is a be found especially helpful. BOOKS This bright satirical take-off of Sheridan’s Hh a deceptive ease. This . . comedy . worthv m : OLD RUGGED CROSS” 10 °f a 81-631 whose career was “The Music Curriculum in a Changing World” "THE unfortunatelyunfortiu^T" Planet ended in its Page 418) 382 "FORWARD prime. ( Cont . on MARCH WITH MUSIC" JULY, 1944 "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC’’ 383 THE ETUDE ! : » ! a

Music and Study he FIRST TASK ol the student is to find where the phrase begins and ends. He must Music and Study T know the limits of each small phrase or mo- the fore-phrase and tive, as well as the outlines of after-phrase which are built of these small motives. There are some special editions in which the slur Is It Music? this very thing. Riemann’s is used with care to denote are Phrasing My living room is compositions edited by Kuhner Let now a nightmare, is one, and some reverberating with what some people fun- so marked. From such authorities one can get might call “music” of a new piano Round Table for general use. But, except for concerto, in its world premiere by the The Teacher’s damental principles slurs NBC Orchestra and . the “phrased” copies, we cannot depend on the What horrible noise this is after the used' to indicate infallibly the phrase limits. Bach sublime beauty of Schubert’s “Unfinished” legato. With all the other Difficulties and there • The rest is phrase only to designate Your Symphony all Mrs. Solve to have been used at times Who in this supposedly civilized world Conducted by Nelson's. composers, the slur seems of ours (although phrase-limit. in other ways also, to mean legato and again to mean seemingly going back to the monkeys) In such an example as this excerpt from the can have the insanity to call this melee Observations of an Infantryman “music?” “Sonata in G major” by Haydn: by ^jJ-iorence oCeonard I am a MUSIC lover, not a lunatic. From many camps come letters from —C. T., Mississippi. service men who read Tin: Ex. 1 ul Etude in their " - Q ! camp libraries. If anybody thinks that My sentiments exactly! . . . The advo- the young men are overwhelmed cates of the so-called “twelve-toned or en- Part Two gulfed by their army t scale” Imres and re- music haughtily inform us that that the notes should be sponsibilities he is sadly mistaken. it could not possibly mean such compositions are cerebral stuff re- Thou- the sands of broken up into short groups. If we examine them are thinking and living Fore-Phrase After-Phrase can read the quiring a radically different listening ap- we find delicate—not too strongly marked. We ’! F” by Haydn (see Example 3), proach Music Educator music in their spare time. hey are “Sonata in crescendo, and make D than we use for “ordinary” music. and plan- for motives A, B, C, in a gradual ning now for that the slur is used in two contradictory ways We attend with open and their post-war careers-1 or we can extend the crescendo to receptive ears, Therefore, must look somewhat softer; and to judge by the tone of the same group of notes. we and I hope with some degree of intelli- their letters— include D. Beginning at F we can again make a those careers elsewhere for guidance on this subject. We should gence and awareness, and what are going to be much more motive, but this time carry it do we the first to crescendo with each vital and revolutionary remember that the slurs which run from hear? Sterile, disillusioned, futile, bitter than they would through G, making our highest light on the G above have been without the last notes of measures, meaning simply legato, gibberish—the kind of twisted music the w.r The rest of motive, not on the C at the end the violin, which the staff in this and Ear Training us old fogies better are borrowed from the marking for which ran rampant in the dizzy nineteen be on the alert, for through the period, we find slur were there of the motive. Continuing twenties these zealous would not connect its notes unless the and which now sounds even and enterprising young fel- at the E-flat deserves particular 1. What is your opinion of the importance that the accent more lows are going to direct it. threadbare and “old hat.” Most of absolute and relative pitch in piano to make us toe the mark! players would prefer to make that of limit and sense of the warmth, and some that dreary post-war Here's Of great importance to the trash was swiftly playing? a sample letter why, the the important high light of the whole period, while Correspondents with this Depart- acquired? treatment of the short note which consigned to the ash heap. It is the 2. Can absolute pitch be nerve of Private motive is the same ment are requested to limit Letters Kramer lie even takes others would make the G of the last measure equal it H. Can you suggest ways to improve my to Bach s mark- now. Even if follows a dotted note. If we go back such music as that piano to One Hundred and Fifty Words. a dig at my articles! Yes sir, Pvt. ear without the aid of another person? Kramer, two dis- in importance. concerto is ings for dotted notes, we find that he had heard in repetition times 4. recommend for beginning I'll try to write What do you more clean;, yes, sir, I II without ways of marking them. When he slurred them number, and finally “under- and intermediate pupils for ear training? do it, just give tinct =/: Displaced Emphasis me time . Yes, sir! (I 5. What is a good book on the subject of gave to the short note its stood,” who wants it, loves it, or ever together as in Ex. 2A he might add that It wouldn't be wise to If a composer wishes to displace the emphasis, to put feels piano modulation?—R. S„ California. heavy accent on both notes, and the slightest need for it? get tough with full length with beat of the So, because of the attitude of her princi- the Private for he meas- c, d, and even at g, are, there- the strongest accent not on the strong emphasis and grouping denoted solemnity, of the slurs at a, b, and When such monstrosities are offered at pal teacher and also because living condi- ures six foot seven)— this spasmodic breathing, or an 1. I do not consider absolute pitch at Bui here’s the let- he fore, correctly placed. Later in the “Sonata,” the slur measure, the effect is like a concert the only defense tions in that town were unsatisfactory, grief, or passion. But if he slurred them as in 2B is to cram the ter; correctly: exclamation in excitement. These accents, usually we then decided that our daughter all essential to a pianist; but good the short which is here wrongly placed at f, is used ears solidly with cotton to drown out the should meant them to be light and graceful, and change to a college relative or or sfz, may take the place of the conservatory where pitch certainly helps. its actual (The dotted slurs show correct phrasing.) marked sf fz noise if you can. I read the latest note was to be made still shorter than — With the radio the she could have the advantages of Etude In our Service are an additional dormi- 2. Some say yes. some say no, I it the unaccented note to the fol- normal accent; but sometimes they say Club. I, too. ns of the phrase at a This connection of matter is simpler. You dial it off; and tory life, and. we hoped, better instruction. w interested in the loose- value. Thus, both the breaking doesn’t matter! Don't waste leaf idea for of the most important principles accent, and thus add still more agitation to the pas- She was assigned your time technical mat : d. It is lowing accent is one when you do, you are sure not to hear to the Director of the quite certain point and the accenting determined the ex- school for trying to acquire revolutionary, and would observe whether sage, as in the Beethoven example. your neighbors’ Piano who is an "artist’s” it, for if you finaUy do probably result rhythm. of the phrase. But the student must sets blasting it out, for teacher, in a lot of junk remaining pression of the totally lacking in patience and achieve anything so unnecessary and n publisher's means definitely to separate the two Choice of modeling is illustrated again in the two even the neighbors, who love sympathy. shelves. Such the composer noise for During the first lesson he sar- innovations wdl take place Ex.2 passage from the “Jupiter Sym- useless to a pianist, you’ll have to spend only notes. If so, his marking must be heeded. Grieg, in ways of reading a its own sake, cringe and cower at such castically remarked, “It is easy to see what when someone strikes out as Theodore time every Presser separation. But of Mozart. If the normal accent were followed hideous bedlam. kind of instruction you have had!” day painfully trying to hang did. and forces drn.siie changes in his Birdling, has indicated such a phony” the ’ phrase It was only the thought that Paderewski on to it. music publishing industry. ... For Mozart’s “Fantasia in D minor, from the beginning of the symphony, the Yet after all, certain markings of it isn’t the noise that you was advised instance, mail order by a teacher in the early 3. Any good ear privilege which mean means so would be modeled as at Example 4A; and some con- -training book suggests so especially the D major position, are by no and I mind but the utter futility of it stages of his career to give up piano much to small-town tea- were one a hundred ways. of the it thus. But if the emphasis is shifted to all. that See “Ear Training” by result of his clear. He may have intended the separation ductors read . . made her hold . But why worry? We can safely on, because this work. E. A. Heacox the (since the long note always tends to at- teacher, head of a renowned educational and George Wedge's “Ear- I was Interested in si beat from the following strong one. Hero the long note trust to posterity for final judgment. I am the ,)!e explana- weak institution, told her that she was too Training tion of the decide, accent), the phrase will be modeled as at confident that dumb and Dictation.” ““flash-bounce' n the Mr.y experience and intuition of the performer must tract the Schubert’s “Unfinished to leam; yet she was not too dumb Etude. There's . to be 4. For intermediate something person can 4B, and become a “sighing” phrase of much charm. Symphony” will admitted to students I recom- for authorities disagree. be played and loved for the school! ... In the name understand! Sometimes your articles re- of common sense, mend the above Wedge book, long generations to come. ... As for what do we send our for ad- niind me of the involved explanations The other composers since Bach have not made sons and daughters to college vanced students, High Light in the Long Phrase these others, time will for? Is it Mr. Wedge’s “Advanced given in the Army. Reading an azimuth Finding the Ex.4 soon tell. to be insulted? any such strict distinction in the phrasing and mean- Does genius carry with it Ear on a Training compass is . and Sight-Singing.” ridiculous 1 simple, but of notes helps to find the empha- the right to be petulant? note and its complementary one. This grouping the Are patience, it was explained in such minute detail ing of the dotted respectfulness, 5. See Rob Roy Peery’s “Practical the motive or small phrase. But and thoroughness required Key- that most of rule we should not know how sis, or high light, in board us thought it very difficult So that without some A Teacher's only of pupils? Modulation,” or “Manual of and phrase, fore-phrase, or after-phrase, must Qualifications Modu- felt we couldn’t understand it to treat them. But Riemann, Schreyer, and others each long My daughter has almost infinite lation,” by patience, Orem. As for wider let’s of emphasis, and the period itself must a faculty music appr iation, rule, at least, for our assistance. have its climax As the father of a youn^ lady who for imparting knowledge to have formulated one have more good music in The Etude and trustworthy guide is the line of passionately loves teaching, others, a genuine love for music, large majority of tunes have its climax. The let me say a clear elsewhere that under- They have shown that the not only for a “Amen” understanding of average people can its climax, making a Thus, the emphasis can be displaced, to your reply to G. E. of Texas, the great responsibility The stand. that the short the melody. Follow this line to and Two Of Us An abnormal interest has been or themes begin on the up-beat, and phrase. in the May issue of THE ETUDE. I might mission of the teaching profession, of the accents of each mo- single note, but for the contour of a whole built up in popular music of the worst should be regarded as crescendo or a decrescendo add. also, that some of those considerable musical talent, For several years you note following a dotted note well-meaning and has had have promised us £or* shifting of values occurs in Chopin’s composi- the a new —sentimental trash, cowboy music and tive. Notice, too, the influence of any unusual chord Such but incompetent oldsters are to be found best instruction that we could afford pre-school book somewhat leading up to the note which comes after it. There- along the the like. A great like frequently. But if it is carelessly employed in high places in our to provide .... And, thank many people who give particular emphasis. tions very conservatories. heaven, she *»•>”" music fore, it should be connected with it by legato if the which may It has *£»“" that is merely harmoniously or most unpleasantly. seems to me that entirely too many the stuff in her of which great SK3TR it will distort the meaning rhythmically is legato phrase; if not, it should be in- concert artists who do teachers and good if not restless could be interested phrase a teaching on the briliiant musi- in Composers and Bars side, and teachers who do cians are made!—An Indignant better music if a sensible approach were cluded in the group which forms the next following concertizing on Father. You bet it has! made. Length of Phrases the side, And it's a “Honey” My own experience as a teacher on one’s guard as to bars. The assume the attitude that they even staccato phrase. It is necessary to be are though I say E0 in a rural community that doing the pupil and the parents a myself. It isn’t convinces me is to show the accent. But every To work out the modeling of the phrases in a com- at this shown, likewise, that a short note • at function of the bar great favor when they I will not comment all like “Song Cargo,” can be done. They have condescend to on this letter ex- In fact it isn’t MacDowell, has been negli- paratively short composition is not, it appears, too impart like Here in of of measure, in accordance with the fore- composer, from Mozart to some of their great fund of knowl- cept to say that J that the Army we have a bunch the end a luuuiuunbconditions suchsucn as this ever been If, for in- larger compositions both the planning and edge to the pupil for pay. ;I Published.published high-brows who to sym- of the gent in placing bars with regard to accent. difficult. In As a matter of sincere, intelligent wiLwhen you will listen only going theory, should lead up to the first note fact, “Dad” describes see “The Two phonies, take on added difficul- they are living on their reputations are of Us” (Maier and another group who go in the stance, a measure of three-eight time is used in a the execution of the phrasing unfortunately Nelson) 1 next measure. Within the measure, it leads up to as public performers and too prevalent. Round am sure you, * only for the boogie- irregularity in the are frequently Ta- too, will av that dumbest type of composition—something which happens often ties. This is partly because of the almost devoid biers 11 sets woogie. next accent, and should be connected to these notes six-eight of the very qualities that will make their own comment, U-D soffl e shining There is no middle ground. In • after-phrase. In the are draw new landmark composer has not always written it that way; length of the fore-phrase and necessary in a really fine teacher and their along the music as in civilization, there should be which come after it. What is true for a single note the own conclusions. ... The corre- al«iost unexplored fore-phrase consists for which they are being paid. path of nr/’ a large, well-grounded group to consequently, as in the F-sharp Capriccio by Mendels- Haydn “Sonata in F major,” the spondent states better Sch°o1 piano middle on an up-beat, or part of an up-beat, is also true for We decided to send than I could the training “ act as is our daughter to a {, off i a balance wheel. There is something upon the strong beat of the original of only four measures, while the after -phrase made qualifications 1( eal group of notes on the up-beat. sohn, we come nearby conservatory with an excellent necessary for serious, aspir- way to start very destructive about sophistication— a ! vounv cmiarennhim™ snobbish the middle of a measure. So it is necessary of a variation on these measures with an addition reputation in iner music fp-rrhino- of t.hrpp fn,„. , ^ it theme in order that she might have ing music teaching has a cancrt*ous of growing until In the Haydn “Sonata” the way writing, benefits of a full course of instruction. it eats on. to make allowance for such possible errors in of six measures. 1. Love for music away the very thing it feeds There her pianoforte teacher, this structure is rare. But in music a man of The United States Russia are the and to be sure of where the true chief accent is found. The reverse of considerable 2. Gift for and reputation as a pianist, found imparting knowledge to countries the idea frequently in the her which hold the future of Fore-Phrase the development of an is most lack of enthusiasm for him, personally, others world’s somewhat y music in their hands ... But we Opinions at Variance latter part of the sentence or period. damaging to his ego; so he and young of the 3. Understanding of child U. S. A. will fail if leave too spent much of each lesson the lofty respon- shoul we vary the has the phrase, regarded in this sense, or the time telling arge a ignorant To illustrate how individual choice may What percentage of our people 1 her how much more talented some of sibilities of the teacher's 4 his mission ™St " the of the real meaning -S’ modeling of the long phrase, let us consider two ways period, to do with musicianship? It has just as much other pupils were. credTt of music. a b c d e He became still more 4. Musical talent goeTto mtc'n° indifferent *borator As to The Etude power to it! opening of the Haydn. (See Ex- to do as the reading of the phrases in a poem have when she told him that Jarman ’ Mary —more of interpreting the she Nelson 1 5. Excellent would often P .... had no aspirations to training—musical 111658 rather see it retain its „ be to do with the ( Continued on Page 422) become a concert and - Zea1 « y*===a== 3.) In this passage the nuancing should and Patience ' naive "f ample pianist, but hoped extra musical havfpmdu quality than to become over- someday to be a first- hpst. ^ oducedrT one of the sophisticated. . good rate teacher. 6. Infinite . . But give us more patience popular” 385 music—the kind that the middle "FORW’ARD MARCH WITH MUSIC” groupers JULY, 1944 584 can understand and love.” FORWARD —Private H. T. Kramer. MARCH WITH MUSIC” THF FT lIDE 3 — — — >

Music and Study E ARE so in the habit of speaking of “vocal Music and Study training” as a general term, that we tend to W lose awareness of what it really means. How much training can “vocal training” properly cover? How much of vocal eminence can be properly “taught?” The thought provoking questions are raised Latin-American Music by Licia Albanese, beautiful and gifted Italian soprano, The Flair for who is in a position to know the replies. Acclaimed for performances in opera, concert, and radio, Much of Singing her superb How Miss Albanese believes that great singers are born first at a much slower tempo until they could alt be rather than made. Her own career offers an effective From a Conference with comprehended and appreciated. illustration of her theory. “The most popular Cuban dances are the Rumba A native of Bari, on the Italian coast. Miss Albanese the Son, the Afro-Cubano, and the Guaracha, although grew up in an atmosphere of home music-making. Her Can be Taught? one also hears the Bolero, the Bolero-Son, the A/ro- mother possesses a beautiful voice, her father was an Son, the Punto Guajira, the Damon, the Danzetta, ardent music-lover, and the three boys and three girls and many others. The original Habanera, so familiar Acclaimed Leader in the family played and sang for fun. They all took Widely through La Paloma and the famous to all Habanera lessons on the piano, but only the two elder girls were An Interview with Music Bizet’s ‘,’ has been familiar to of Latin-American from Americans taught singing. Licia, the youngest, was too shy to sing. for years. Her earliest preparation for stage work was a tendency “Music, twenty-four hours a day. Is a part of the to hide under the bed when callers came, lest she be LCLU cine5e twenty-four nations that we like to call ‘sister-repub- r£i JM summoned to speak to them. When she was fifteen, SECURED EXPRESSLY FOR THE ETUDE BY W YTHE WOOD lics.’ Their pride in their music is most intense. While however, she joined in the home fun of singing and Distinguished there are unmistakably Hispanic influences in the acted out duets with her sisters. •The Association music of the Latin-American countries, they like to The girls were singing one day when their piano think of their music as distinctly their own. Much of teacher came to give them their lessons. Pausing out- Star, The Mutual Network Concert Hour This is the second of two articles in which Mr. Cugat outlines the peculiar the music of Cuba, for instance, b definitely Cuban side the living-room door, she heard the songs inside, characteristics of the music of our neighbors to the South . Editor's Note. and not native to any country but Cuba. The music and was struck by the natural beauty of Licia ’s voice Portuguese of Brazil, while showing influences, is also so much so, that she taught the girl some arias to sing SECURED EXPRESSLY FOR THE ETUDE BY MYLES FELLOWES definitely afTected by African rhythms The Batucada, at her father’s birthday celebration a few weeks dis- the Batuque, the Samba, the Maxixe, the Fado, and tant. Licia sang at the party in a tension of stage- “/T\HE GREAT VARIETY of Latin-American prepared by Gustavo Duran under supervision of the the Marza are Portuguese and Brazilian, but the Em- fright, and was happy when the ordeal was over. But rhythms may be indicated by examining a few Music Division, Pan American Union, Washington, bolada and the Choto arc so African in type that her father stared in amazement. “To think of little A notation examples of specimen compositions D. C., and published by the National and Inter-Amer- they might have come out of the jungle of the Congo. Licia’s singing so beautifully!” he exclaimed. “Now of various countries. particular ‘natural’ approach may be. Methods ican Music Week Committee, is a splendid source of There is, of course, a similarity between the I know why she is always so quiet—she is saving various that are too firmly fixed can defeat good teaching. “In Argentina a typical rhythmic pattern is found material. dances of the different countries. The North her voice for song!” With no ambitions of her Americans One pupil may possess good breath control' and in the Chacarera. • “The readers of The Etude perhaps are beginning to cannot tell the difference between a Cuban rumba own, but urged on only by her father’s enthusi- good resonance naturally. Another may have diffi- see that in addition to my ordinary orchestral players and a Brazilian samba, but the native asm, she went to Milan for lessons. She was soon Ex.l notes the differ- culty in giving out his breath on the tone, or in 1 have a kind of rhythmic skeletal background which ence at once. Central known as a promising pupil. American music hows pro- pushing that tone upward and forward. The good might be called ‘a of One night, Licia went to hear a performance gjJJpJ J.|J. symphony percussion.’ The or- nounced Indian Influences, while that of t lie Domini- teacher will not apply identical methods to both chestration of the works we play calls for: 6 violins, can Republic shows decided of “” at the Teatro Lyrico, and French Influences. The of these young singers. “Among the dance forms of Brazil the Batucada is 2 ’, suddenly found the opera’s manager standing be- 2 basses, 4 clarinets, 3 , 2 trumpets, language of that country Is French. one of the most popular. Its basic rhythmic “I have always been fortunate in having no element 1 horn, 1 guitar, 1 piano, 1 marimba, 1 xylophone, side her. The prima donna had taken ill; would follows this pattern. ‘problems.’ I have never had to work at ‘breathing 1 accordion, as well as the special percussion instru- The African Influence Miss Albanese, with no advance preparation, hurry exercises’ (as apart from singing itself), nor have Ex. 3 ments of the type to the stage and substitute for her? Miss Albanese I have mentioned in the previous “Some of the works of Latin-American composers I ever had to break myself of bad habits of reso- article. With the exception of the saxophonists, the have did, and found herself famous. At this time, a become very popular In the United States. Estre- nance. For this reason, perhaps, I have come to i J players are all Latin nation-wide song contest was being announced. | i jtj American. The saxophonists n are llita < Little m Star) of the Mexican Manual Ponce has believe that vocal training does its best service North Miss Albanese about It, but did not enter it. American. The players I have assembled in my been sung knew “Also in Brazil is everywhere, as have some of tire melodies it production that the Samba, with this rhythmic orchestra have On the day the contest closed, she took some songs when stresses those methods of come from what I consider the best of the Cuban formula. Lecuona and Sanehez-Furntes. are entirely natural. When I was a student, my performers in Latin-American countries. under her arm and applied as a contestant. A “The African Influence Is greater in Latin -American teachers would call attention to the ‘goodness" week later it announced that won, my Ex. music was she had as a whole than in the music of North Amer- of tone tell what that Expert Arrangers over three hundred rivals. (Miss Albanese says or badness’ a and would me ican composers, which reflects here and there the cul- tone needed to make it perfect; perhaps it was i “It is extremely difficult that she knew she would win because there was m for anyone who does not ture m of Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, too thin, or far enough forward. land have it ‘born in him’ to France, a big spider in her hotel room the night before, not But approach the intricacies of Italy, “Of all the musical forms of Colombia, the and more lately of Russia, Hunyan Spain, and this is important) I had to make the corrections most this Latin-American music. and big spiders seen at night bring good luck!) , Its range, from the most other representative, perhaps, is the Bambuco, with this European countries. This influence is so great myself. say ‘Place the tone forward’ is enough. insinuating and dulcet love serenades At twenty-two, she made her formal debut at To rhythmic to the boisterous in the pattern. folksong literature in some Instances that many How it is to be placed forward must remain a turmoil of some of the dances, is and began her distinguished public career. really extraordinary of the primitive songs of Cuba written in Nanigo, matter of feeling inside the head, in the chambers Ex.4 Of course the music, in its very are Before coming to the Metropolitan in 1940, Miss crude form has a evolved pure African dialect. Many of the songs are sung of resonance. And no one can tell you how your to the symphonic stage in an orchestra Albanese had established herself in Italy, in Paris, * v j like by itinerant singers sing § $n ij'j> i mine, who go from place to place, much own tones feel as you them! m which also frequently employs a in Spain, and in London where she was chosen group of highly after the trained singers such manner of the ancient of . to sing at the Coronation of King George as a Greek chorus. Our arrange- VI and “Various dances are popular in Cuba, one that is Some of these Importance of Training ments have been made by experts, players accompany themselves upon the Queen Elizabeth. In the following conference, associated with carnival who have not hesi- festivities being the Conga, guitar which they The “Hence, I believe that the natural emission of tated to take the best from the orchestral hold high, near their mouths. Licia Albanese gives readers of The Etude her which has this basic rhythm. technics of reader the masters of all the great must not, however, build a picture that these views on the scope of vocal training. tone is also inborn, just like voice-quality itself. musical countries of Ex. Europe, as well primitive elements dominate Latin The most that training can do for us is to call 5 as of the United States. Often the cultural life of it has America. The Basis of Singing been said that if Hector Berlioz American tourists are continually amazed at Good our attention to correct production, and make us 1 were to return f r 7 and 16 J 1 beauty, attain it. nj , j °rChestrations the extreme modernity, sophistry “The important thing for the ambitious vocal aware of the moments when we The ^ ’ he would and the be inexpres- o many fibly thrilled Latin-American cities, which make some of student to remember, is that the basis of good feeling, at such moments, is our best guide. Only “Another very popular one is the Rumba, with a our own cities and towns look like broken-down rural singing consists of two separate elements: the we ourselves, through our natural emission, can two-four rhythm, thus: Jtincient bources centers. part that can be learned and the part that can- LICIA ALBANESE duplicate those feelings. Ex. 6 “Whiie there is a general relationship not. The chief requirement for singing—a voice “I do not wish to give the impression that train- between the music of all of the Lovers of Opera cannot be acquired. It must be inborn, a gift from God. a glorious vocal organ. Teachers can undoubtedly help ing is not important, however. The points to which the I Latin-American counties rAjnu J73I/J3/D ! n mi music of h We fine voice but only can one. each country is also must Every normal person has ‘a voice’ in the sense that a — God make teacher calls his pupil’s attention chart the course really very distinctive Som not fall to realize that the love for C rtamly m°St anclent opera, particularly he possesses vocal cords. Not everyone has a great “The next step, then, is to find a good teacher. of good singing. First there is breath control. HOW ’ and Italian powerful in “In the eastern province of Cuba the Son is ^ has been con opera, is very very tendedf h ^ t vf f l opinion, it is one who that it goes back to Mayan Latm-American opera singing voice. That depends upon the structure of the What is a good teacher? In my you are to control it remains a matter of personal popular. Here is one of its basic rhythmic patterns. and even Inm municipalities. Some of the civilization. When I first SeS are most vocal cords. Hence, no amount of study or hard work can succeed in teaching the pupil to use his voice nat- feeling but the resulting effect must be entirely free, organized my masnificent. it should be — orchestraa ilr u Likewise Los Angeles there r^ em ered can provide a beautiful quality of voice for a person urally. And the word ‘naturally’ is not a short way of natural, unforced. The giving out of the breath, in Ex. was a rage for Aro-pntin; j. all have 7 , South American countries wwol, I felt we,, that maae Paris who is born with only average throat structure. describing any one system of singing. Each human tone, is even more important than taking it in. In my „ a playground for years, and French bril- i ’ understanding by American sparkle, “The first step the vocal student should take, then, being uses his organs of voice and respiration differ- opinion, the art of breath lies in exhaling air as tone; i bands The oreh, ^ im*’ and refinement have made a deep .Ueh employed ,«h e S1 °n is to assure himself through consultation with experi- ently, according to his own nature and the structure that is to say, all the breath you give out should be « prepondeSJ^ Upon La tin -American things d m.L t life. Great so few strings, did not lend KTS expected enced musicians, and even with throat specialists, that of his body. The good teacher works with his pupil; audible singing. There must be no escape of breath as “In order to understand themselves F L in all art endeavor in these coun- these rhythms, the best that US1C °f trip xx type. Americans at first his vocal organs are of the kind that will permit a examines him, tests him until he discovers what his air, and no residue of unsung breath. Naturally, the method is could not h centers less to study the representative phonograph &C ‘ which have been more or quainted with the intricate i.nwe singing career. The sooner he learns this, the better longer the phrase the deeper the intake of air, and records, of which and intoxicati™ T® u up lo this century the there are large numbers in the cata- of , have now, through the other Latin-American 6 it will be for his future—regardless of whether this the greater the supply of breath for the tonal ex- countoe ’ °Pened logs of all representative makers of records. s nl^T their doors wide to the world. The The ‘Re- and Brazil, 3 rar^n both of which are Cln a future leads toward or away from the stage. There is halation. cordings of especially ’ and con- Latin-American Songs and rtn : records have two Dances An variety of dance " tinp brought the nothing more heartbreaking than the aspect of per- Annotated forms. It was too rer a “The next important point is the matter of reso- Selected List of Popular and Polk Music,’ rapid and it^ 108611161 in a few decades than they necessary for had hppn” t°K son with a mediocre voice deluding himself with the nance. Here, believe, me to play many of U8 I a certain misunderstanding can these ^omposhiS h the four hundred and fifty-one years since rvu.^° , false hope that lessons and training can build it into arise. Pupils often say that ( Continued on Page 418 386 lumbus landed on "FORWARD the island of San Domingo.” MARCH WITH MUSIC” JULY, 1944 FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC” 387 THE ETUDE -

there is no desire to use produced that the pedal absolutely necessary, Music and Study Music and Study excessively unless as in com- tone is positions where a singing a fundamental characteristic. for an adult beginner It is not necessary to be one who can sit down of those fortunates at a piano ear without being able to read and play by a note or having taken a lesson. I am probably ever very far Peace Although I have a Bells for I Started at Forty from being a prodigy. good musical sense and always enjoy good music immensely, I can- improvise, not play by ear or and I cannot even “pick out” a simple melody on the piano without notes. Yet hard work is bound to bring results even- hj (Xric /s! (Jxrater When starting the daily, practice period, Son tually. I anted Xaw practice technic first for about fifteen to twenty lesson, which War, minutes; then the may require one to Carillonneur, Hoover Library on one-half hours. After this, I work one and on my Revolution and Peace sight-reading memory numbers and for one-half to Stanford University, California as one hour, as time permits. NE EVENING, more than six years ago, a busi- ambition is naturally to play a tune as quickly ness associate several years my junior remarked possible. It should be realized that if the fundamentals Memory Work O that he was in a hurry to leave because he had are studied and mastered, progress will be much more been written about to take his weekly piano lesson. I was astonished rapid later on. By this, I mean not necessarily theory A great deal has the art of. of memorizing. There are several good books available but thrilled with the thought that my lifelong desire but finger technic, which is essential, regardless Vermeer, Van Dyck, the necessary mental Saxon churl might been a singing land. Rembrandt, to learn to play could probably still be satisfied. That whether the student wishes to learn the classics or which describe approach. Al- England it was decreed that any painted to the tunes of bells. At Leiden the though this is an inherent characteristic with become a thane if he were rich enough to own a bell and Rubens same evening I bought a piano, engaged the services popular music. The more ruthless the teacher, many Pilgrims who lived ac- is the Singing Tower heard by the musicians, it is nevertheless an art which can tower. Bells were valued so highly that Florence of a competent teacher, and have been playing about better the results. be de- great bell compensation there after leaving England. “Roeland,” the fifteen hours a ever since, pianists, complete veloped. To memorize a composition sue cssfully cepted a chime for Giotto’s Tower in week never missing a weekly As described by many famous and 1814, when the capital of Italy to Rome. of Ghent, rang out on December 24, lesson. Today, at forty-seven, I studying with the relaxation should be understood and learned. Scales, have it at the finger tips at any time requires first for the removal of the am completed between Great Britain of the Through their companionship with time and touch treaty of peace was head of the piano department of a nationally known chords, and five-finger exercises must be practiced an intimate knowledge keybouid, which of The Great Bell Tower of the Hoover Li- later, in peo- the United States. One hundred years year after year; California. with prosaic duties, bells won the affection of the and conservatory, and I am more enthusiastic than ever. every day regularly. For the latter, Schmitt's “Pre- course improves and lien a system- brary at Stanford University, this ancient bell, utilitarian object. The July, 1914, a great crack appeared in In The Etude recently a man thirty-eight years old paratory Exercises” highly and method of review. I have a system ple and became more than a are recommended atic <>f cards by follow. as a material necessity became a foretelling the calamity to asked if it would still be possible for him to learn should be the student's daily companion for a life- means of which I am rotating the r view of my tower that began Through times of distress the of the Low every , emotion, and to play, and many others have asked the same ques- time. The correct passing under of the thumb in play- memory numbers. On each card are tabulated to Prime Minister moral need. Bells shared man’s three OMEONE recently suggested democratic spirit. Of all musical expressed his highest aspirations. Though the Countries inspired a tion. Usually accomplished musicians try to answer ing scales is no special privilege of the young, and compositions. I keep these cards in the piano bench that cannon be sounded to commem- towers Churchill is the most democratic. Caril- not first made for bells, it is to bells that instruments the as best they can without themselves having a full can be mastered with proper instruction by an adult. and every day when I start practice. I place major Allied military successes. “Person- towers were the top S orate reaches everyone, rich and poor alike, and their beauty. lon music understanding of the difficulties con- card on the rack. bells,” answered Churchill. “We are likely towers owe all piano After the ally, I prefer have to go to the music; it comes The development that was to culminate in the high- the listener does not fronting the adult beginner. For this lesson, I play each number at to hear quite enough of guns.” In Russia and Italy are least to him. The carillons of the. Low Countries now reason the editor of since most est expression of bell music, the carillon, began with The Etude asked once slowly and once up to tempo. the bells and guns sound simultaneously Netherlands, on a recent Bells to announce the silent. Princess Juliana of the me to write an article telling about for cannon metal. But the time the invention of the clock. Slow playing of memory pieces can- bells have been melted carillon, told us that the bells canonical hours had been used in the earliest monas- visit to the Stanford my own struggles, and to convey the will come, as it has always come, when the cannon not be overemphasized, li one cannot country had been melted. The towers of Rotter- teries. When mechanical clocks came to the cities in of her benefit of my experience to those are silent. We shall then be faced with the problem they will be play a composition i lowly, it shows the dam were leveled by German bombs, but who wish they had learned to is a the thirteenth century, they brought with them play of replacing Europe’s bells and bell towers. This spirit still alive. that the player does not know it well regular repeti- rebuilt and new bells will salute the when they were young. architect, even the mili- monastery bell. Within earshot of the enough, as he problem for the musician, the are silent, the towers of has to rely on the rapid centered the city business activities. Though the bells of Europe There are certain fundamental re- tary administrator, as John Hersey reveals in his tion of this bell succession of phrases so to singing. have used bells in our as not the clock bell sounded from the cathedral, but America continue We quirements which apply to beginners novel, “A Bell for Adano.” It is well to remember the First in lose the continuity. Every week I towers, such as the Castillo de San Marco all when the church lost its importance in business, the watch of ages. I observed that the num- story of bells and their development into a great mu- England meeting houses literally tear apart one of my mem- above the town hall. St. Augustine; also on New ber of children and youths who start sical instrument, the carillon, while we consider the clock moved ory numbers by to California Missions. There are even bells on top taking lessons referring back the and and then give up af- peace to come. For when it is time to commemorate Life insurance notes and reviewing phrase after The "English National Instrument" of a few skyscrapers—the Metropolitan ter one, two, or even five years is those who sacrifice for America, we shall want to build the Venice phrase. In this way, present rep- Building in New York City was built after frightfully high. this, it my bells had not received recognition as From ap- living memorials. Cathedral ringing the Cam- ertoire is reviewed once every week Campanile, and contains a chime pears that the cultivated quality of We have been ringing bells in war and peace a long music except by the English who developed the pecu- and is thoroughly about bridge Quarters. persistence is a more outstanding pre- worked over bell tower art of change ringing. This is actually more of a time. Roman Generals gave us the first liar the last war twice a year. The progre which can Carillons appeared in America after requisite for success than any super- which consisted of a few small bells hanging from a physical exercise and a problem in mathematics than thousands of Americans visited the Low Coun- ior intelligence exceptional be made by this method is amazing, performance. Even so, the English hold such when or talent. portable wooden trestle outside the commander’s tent. a musical over the graves because more tries and heard a living tribute ring Many average men and women at- as the student becomes The very name belfry comes from the Latin word for changes as the Grandsire and Treble Bob in high in Flanders Fields. After hearing true carillons, the tain a high position in life by hard proficient his ability to interpret and war, bellum. But the bugle replaced the bell in war, repute. There are so many peals ringing in England American tourists were dissatisfied with their simple work and perseverance, overshadow- express himself improves, and mis- and the church borrowed bell and belfry for peace. that Handel called the bell the English national in- chimes at home. Chimes were useful for rendering ing others who are inherently more takes which always creep in are Bells had been used in religion from the time of the strument. The Russians also developed a peculiar type simple melodies but could not be compared with caril- talented. weeded out. Egyptians, who hurried to their temples as the bells of cacophonous ringing. The Coronation Scene of the lons and their full harmonies and tone shading. The A firm determination to adhere to The possession of a repertoire of of Osiris sounded. When the great caldrons of Dodena opera “Boris Godounov” illustrates this fast-running electric tubular chimes, sometimes incorrectly adver- a practically predetermined schedule compositions ready to play at any clanged, the Greeks were sure it was the voice of Zeus. series of high-toned bells against the boom of several tised as carillons, are to a true carillon as a mouth of practice, day in and day out, re- time is a priceless treasure Wherever Small boys running through the streets ringing hand bass monsters. In Moscow stands the superman of all is to a great pipe organ. gardless of the mood one may be in, there is a piano, one can entertain bells called the early Christians to worship. But from monster bells, “Czar Kolokol,” cast so large it could The American carillons that were built following is absolutely necessary. first moved. Against its 440,000 pounds even “Big Many students without having to make the common the time of Bishop Paulinus, who built the cam- not be origin Notre the last war show the dual secular and religious stop practicing during the summer excuse, “I forgot my music.” It is panile in Campania, Italy, the bell in a tower became Ben” (30,000 pounds), and the Hunchback of of the instrument. Pennies and dimes paid for our months because “it is too hot.” This surprising Christianity. The tower added Dame’s “Jacqueline” (15,000 pounds) are puny in size. how few amateur pianists an indispensable part of Church, Gloucester, Mass. were in- first carillon in Fisherman’s is a serious mistake, as it takes a and even teachers can play a num- a monumental sumptuousness to the religious edifice. The great cathedral bell towers of Europe ERIC R. BRATER Our largest and finest carillon (seventy-two bells) long time to regain lost ground, and ber the bell the tower, as Charles Lamb was to terested principally in height and noise. It was over without preparation. My repertoire And in Church in New York City. true musical rings from the Riverside I have found that in many cases consists of about twenty-five mem- say, “is the music bordering nearest Heaven.” the town hall that the bell became a But in Albany, New York, hangs a municipal carillon this is a cause of failure. The student ory instrument. Here it became the custom to ring a group should be able to play a numbers including the Romance Hall. Others ring from a hospital smooth scale in First Bell Towers stroke-of-the-hour bell. This on top of the City after the first year. A-flat by Mozart; Serenata. Moszkow- The of four bells before the Op. 15, No. 1 clinic in Rochester, Minnesota; the House of Par- Systematic Practice ski; Mazurka, group of four was called the voorslag or forestroke. The advice given by Op. 7. No. 1, Prelude. Op. 28. The first bell towers, however, were not used for professional pianists to Chopin: liament in Ottawa; the Hoover War Library at Stan- In general, it be difficult prac- no. 15, voorslag became a chime when a few more bells may for adults to carry tice slowly in order to Chopin; Berceuse major, music alone. St. Mark’s campanile was erected as a The learn to play fast , Grieg; Valse in G-flat University; and America’s “Taj Mahal,” the Sing- through definite should be Chopin keyboard were added, and the chime became ford a program of study, owing to the fact taken very ; Turkish Its five and a seriously. Speed will take Rondo, Mozart; Fantasia in D minor, watch tower when Magyars threatened Venice. over water tank. care of itself Mozart. extended and the bells ing Tower of Florida, sings a that their duties and responsibilities limit their avail- Repeating notes, bells served utilitarian functions as calling the a carillon when the range was holding on to keys when such Altogether, have some fifty carillons on this side able time. If, not re- we however, one analyzes his leisure, it be- quired, not holding working people, announcing the opening of the official timed chromatically. notes when called for, ^ American architect said recently; apparent improper to the Netherlands and of the Atlantic. An comes that much of it is just wasted. I am an fingering, incorrect . New to duty, and sound- We owe this development finger and wrist Hope bureaus, summoning the councils every town in America could have a caril- executive engineer with positions should bells used for everything from “I wish that the heavy duties and respon- be positively a,’lateur Wise old Belgium. Here were discouraged by the musician should at least ing the knell of those condemned to death. bells lift heart.” teacher It is 3d ever stop taking lon. Towers lift the eye up and the sibilities characteristic of our present emergency; yet that eW le flood signals and announcing markets, to warning the pedal is 0ns ’ Benedictine sure that the bell vibrations the soul of the because invariably this is the begin monks were working to develop com- I feel that two hours’ piano It lould b! r,i„ e *? bell towers their first Not a few musicians are practice a day, which I con- more appropriate be acted as summer storms and of invasion. Enemy armies made to say that it covers end not only of progress but of an antidote to sudden building of a carillon tower as sider absolutely necessary a multttude .5 making destroyed, the citizens could not be munity interest in the to make progress, can be of sins, as many a deterioration helped dissipate the bluish, reeking plague mist. In objective. Once amateur pianists use it of the musical which took finer living memorial could be set aside by anyone with sufficient to cover upuo wealth Countries have always a war memorial. No time left for other poor finger action. s ° Cloitaire, of the Franks, besieged a city in aroused to defense. The Low accumulate. I know accomplished musicians 610, King given to those who sacrifice for our future. interests and social life. The clear tone and a e lessons Burgundy, but his army was frightened away by the perfect legato of our occasionally from one of the great It is too bad that most teachers do not take adult great nian ists is created by using the 'Vhenever the This loud ringing of church bells. pedal sparingly in opportunity presents itself. in the valiant man and free, beginners seriously; for this reason they neglect to the piano fact" bell towers “Ring Bach used did not have lnt®rest aliye Under the encouragement of the church, give them the proper training a damper pedal ?. and ambition burning, The larger heart, the kindlier hand! in technic from the all at ' In my opinion, the beginner 1 c lsa spread over the world and became a mark of wealth start; should not use tn! PPointments and almost insurmountable out the darkness of the land. this later results in handicaps that are errone- pedal until mm,, f. a large bell Ring a composition has le nust and power. The Venerable Bede brought been thoroughly be taken into account without giving Christ that is to be.” ously interpreted as adult shortcomings. A beginner’s mas ? J Ring in the tered. One then enjoys so Ut * to Wearmouth in 608, and by the tenth century in much the clea/ °? wo years ago I had practically decided to tones quit,emit when by chance a friend 432) ” 388 ( Continued on Page 389 "FORWARD 1944 "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC MARCH WITH MUSIC’’ JULY, THE ETUDE 2 — " —

depend upon someone else, or not to and sing at Music and Study others have given the answering ’ Music and Study until the tone. N THIS KALEIDOSCOPIC world there are yet unspectacular things that cling The Leading Tone simple, homey, of men—things that blend I solidly' to the hearts Slowly play the scale of G Major. Pause their home communities, especially the upon th folks with tone. the seventh or leading Hold tone with the cities and towns, things that even today doubt- ped a i smaller without comment and add the dominant nostalgic chord in the breasts of boys harmony j~ less touch a shown here. fighting around the globe to perpetuate what we so glibly term “the American • way.” of spring, the first bird songs after Resolution The perfume The Municipal Band winter departs, the arc light’s reflection on rain- ° of bat on ball; these - jc xy drenched pavements, the sound T Tonic are part of the pattern of matter-of-factness that (Ol — Q gives design to living. And not the least is that grand band. No, there isn’t any American Institution - old institution—the town An 4k perhaps, Tonic L.H. great artistry, any moving musical perfection, Tn the town band, but there is a community of enjoy- Repeat two or three times. By this time of satisfaction derived from attention has ment, of wholesomeness, upon the seventh and it.s been focused restless nature the summer concerts that add their voices to the its need to resolve and come to rest. Play again American scene. And they afford pleasure and re- i/Il/Utde anti X ask the group to sing (use Hni or Ah) millions millions who have radios, yes, the tone to laxation to — they think the seventh naturally renowned artists. But, Band which moves. The and access to great music by Conductor, St. Joseph, Michigan, Municipal is correct tone almost invariably will bo given. to the average folks everywhere, their town band several F, definitely their own—a civic entity, as it Repeat in keys A, D, and so forth, within something- easy range of all voices, until the natural upward were. bands do not exist or flourish everywhere, fortunate indeed are the cities and tendency of the seventh is firmly established in each Municipal The Municipal Band is an established American institution, and which have singer’s and hearing. Because of course, but there are many, unknown perhaps be- whose administrative leaders have the vision and enterprise to maintain these bands mind the seventh of the fowns their home communities, that are filling a very come fo play an important part in the American way of life. scale tends so strongly upward to the tonic, it is called yond for us to remain at home, contributing in no small measure to With restrictions of travel and other wartime conditions making it necessary the leading tone, and should be referred to as genuine need and such. more people turning to the municipal music program for musical entertainment a developing appreciation of music. Such an organiza- we ore finding more and The interval between the leading tone and the eighth learn the joys, satisfaction, and values city sur- and relaxation. Who can tell? Perhaps in the post-war era we shall tion is that of St. Joseph, Michigan, a small or tonic, is a semitone, or half step tailed a minor community organizations as our municipal bands. fruit-farming region, and looking to be derived from such The widely admired Central rounded by a rich thousands of communities throughout our nation. High School Choir of Omaha, Nebraska, second, the smallest unit of measurement. It may be The following story could well be duplicated by bluffs over the broad expanse of when directed by Carol M. Pitts further explained that the leading out from its clay tone Is also ti, or may be thought of as seven In the numerical scale! Next dispense with the scale. Sound any tone. Ask merits of promoting a Municipal Band. This Civic the student to think the tone as tin- leading tone, ti, Committee was made up of representatives of all local or then sing (lie tone of resolution 7; a semitone higher. organizations such as: V.F.W., American Legion, Elks, Practice in keys Ear -Training many —until the singer responds in- Eagles, Kiwanis, Lions, Rotary, all women’s clubs, and stantly without hesitation. all churches. The members of the Civic Committee To facilitate mental hearing, a fragment of a song were delegated to carry back to their particular civic which illustrates the tonal problem may be used. The group the numerous arguments developed in favor of first two tones of Londonderry Air employ the semi- bringing the Municipal Band “back to life” in the City tone. The tonal association L, CaJ Pith with this well-known mel- of St. Joseph, and the following are some of the argu- M ody frequently aids the singer. After this interval is offered in its favor; ments thoroughly established, it should also be learned w'hen entertainment for local residents Assistant Professor of Music, A source of free approached from above or sung descending. and summer resorters. State Teachers’ College, Trenton, New Jersey Procedure: Play any tone in easy range. Consider Employment for some forty local musicians. it as the tonic and add the major harmony. An advertising medium for the City of St. Joseph. Providing our high school graduates an opportunity Ex. to carry on with their music activities. Do ft\ USIC IS A LANGUAGE, and as language is a Unit of Measurement in Aid in local functions other than concerts, such as means of communication Music through written parades, dedications, patriotic rallies, religious func- Since Western music in its symbols or sound combinations called accustomed tonal rela- ~ "'#or_ M pho- tions, and so on. tionships does not o netics, so music is employ any interval smaller the language of sound in the form than civic loyalty. the semitone or Help maintain civic morale and of musical tone represented by half step, this interval may be con- symbols called notes. Diversified types of programs were promised which Since our sidered as the basic unit of measurement. N system of music is based upon tonal re- If this in- overtures and terval can be thoroughly would include not only the standard lationships used in succession or established in the singer’s melodically, or sounded soloists, both instrumental and vocal, consciousness, the basis marches, but also together in harmony, it of interval accuracy The song, is strange that vast numbers has been All Through the Night, may be used also. credit for the success of laid. It is and guest conductors. Much of students astonishing how many fail to Ask (and teachers) have not developed the differentiate the student to consider the tone sounded as do the establishing of a Mu- clearly between a semitone St. Joseph’s campaign for habit of critical listening, either to and a whole tone or 8. themselves, to their Careful Mentally sing ti or 7. At the signal, sing the be given to the high school bands- training will usually remedy nicipal Band must neighbors, to the other sections of the chorus, or to this dullness of percep- answering semitone. pausing tion Transpose to many keys, men, who thoroughly enjoyed their spe- the with all its attendant evils. . The result has too often been briefly after the given mentally plac- The following tone, that all may cific part in the campaign—that of singing that is out of tune, procedures have proved with poor blend or no valuable and measure the tone before singing. windshield stickers on automobiles. should be followed for ing ensemble, careless and inaccurate. a few minutes at the beginning Next, omit of each the harmony, sounding any single tone The stickers carried the following appeal: If we, as teachers, would lesson or rehearsal period. They train every student, begin- should be in easy range. Eliminate require an the Municipal Band taken slowly at the pause and ST. JOSEPH. MICHIGAN, MUNICIPAL BAND “Vote YES for ning in the kindergarten, in the listening first, with a short pause for the attitude (to student immediate and definite or un- St. Joseph Ahead!” Needless to say, to hear mentally (not response. If hesitancy Franklyn L. Wiltse. Conductor Keep listen to the music, to himself, and to his neighbor), audibly) the correct answering certainty tone. They is evidenced, repeat the above procedure these high school students did a fine job standards would be raised immeasurably. may be gradually quickened, According until the re- until timidity the all cars were taken care of. sponse is immediate and inaccuracy are overcome and in seeing that to “Webster’s International Dictionary,” to hear and definite. Under St. Joseph might easily be city of Benton Harbor, means no circum- response is immediate. southern Lake Michigan. efforts of the Parent Teachers Asso- stances should anyone in conductor of The “to perceive by the ear; attend or listen to; the group be inaccurately, as a miniature Quebec, where I was give allowed to For a review, let tone, described, not too also were added to those of the sound the tone until the the class sing, from any given ciation heed to.” signal is given, as in qualities. the high school girls’ many will the semitone both The geographical in behalf of our worthy pro- want to hum or feel for ascending and descending. students Ear-Training means to train the ear to hear more the tone” before singing There have been summer open air band concerts in bands. 8 11it singing of the chromatic great value. gram, and did much in securing its final discriminately, with assurance. scale will be of much hard more discerningly; to hear pitch, colors, Sing slowly St. Joseph as long as the oldest inhabitant can re- Through It is necessary and accurately until exactly in tune, both success. and qualities of tone; to detect flaws, to develop confidence years, however, work and a great deal of to recognize and and leadershin ascending member. There came an interval of campaign speeches and to overcome timidity and descending. I gave many short appreciate beauty; and, most important, to hear and “groping for ” band. This was during the careful planning, a Civic inter- the tone Since the measure- when the little city had no various luncheon club meetings, For these reasons, especially semitone is the unit of interval at vals accurately. at first, a very depression of the early Thirties, but in the spring of Committee was organized, firm definite ment, all intervals mind. church gatherings, lodge meetings, and An Interval, response should be secured. may be constructed with it in the gener- according to “Modern Harmony, Its It is better for flnli’ 1938 interest was revived and petitions were circulated and through * whole tone consisting so forth, and was highly rewarded by the Theory results that the student, after may be conceived at first as and Practice,” by Foote and Spalding, is “the thinking the tone o and signed by four hundred fifty electors, requesting osity of the local Chamber what he SU1 tico semitones, established, enthusiasm with which my words were measurement of the difference believes to be the and later, when well for the a meeting in pitch between any answer ? as a the authorities to adopt an ordinance providing of Commerce nrmly. e«» tho„ whole tone or whole given tone, received. Nightly parades and rallies were two h i step. From a tones, whether they are sounded together and can t establishment of a city band, and to levy a tax not to place was provided for the ask the singer mentally semitone FRANKLYN L. WILTSE also employed during the days imme- stand in harmonic relationship, or in succession and to sing an ascending exceed one-half mill on the dollar for the support committee to discuss the and then accu- diately preceding the election. All of the are used melodically.” add another. The result should be an ra thereof. e whole tone (major until the individuals and civic groups who worked so tirelessly All measurement is based upon, second) . Transpose election and or scaled from, a BAND, answering The proposal was submitted at an taxpayers unit. orchestra tone comes were indeed gratified when the voters and In linear measure it might be an inch, a rod, with assurance. carried by a large majority. Thus, an idea for which Next, ask the If the of the City of St. Joseph elected to establish the a furlong, or a mile; in time, a minute, singer to think a whole tone. a reality. Nineteen an hour, a and given the writer 'ong had worked became were three CHORUS tone is considered scale, the Municipal Band. The results of the voting day, a year, a decade, and so forth; in weight, as do or 1 of the hundred thirty-eight was my first year as band an Edited and BAND and ORCHESTRA well carried by William tone WlU easi 2. The to one, in our minds a successful campaign ounce, a pound, a ton, and so on. D . ‘y be associated with re or Formerly, I Re velli i, director in the St. Joseph Public Schools. Edited by William D. Revelli well-known round the out, with a jubilant result. Are you sleeping? will aid had spent nine years in the schools of the neighboring mger. At no time 426) 390 allow the ( Continued on Page "FORWARD MARCH ” 391 WITH MUSIC JULY, 1944 "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC" — —

HE LAST ENCORES have been played, the lights Music and Study Navy Mothers Tuba or Sousaphone? are dimmed, Kreisler has taken his final bow, Music and Study Such organizations as the Red Cross, some of the more you prefer the BB-flat or the E-flat tuba and the audience is pouring from the concert Army Mothers, Marine Mothers, and Q. Do for school T you recommend the only oo g bands: and would upright recording hall into the street. What has brought so rapt an ex- civic groups, would be newly formed model or the sousaphone for such bands? We have With the ink on the ballots still wet, we started the needless to say, w six pression to the faces of these thousands of music assist a project of this sort and, sousaphones in our band. _ drawing of E . will fire their imaginations for up a budget which included musicians’ that is going to be R Minnesota lovers? What is it that do a very fine job. It is this band salaries, uniforms, music, instruments, and so forth. closes. N weeks to come? The virtuosity, musicianship, features when the war division of basses days and one of the main A. I prefer the. : One E-flat The big job was the remodeling of the old bandstand when the ai- for and imagination of Kreisler’s interpretations? Yes. But there will festive celebrations in other words, in your Vibrato doubt be every two BB-flats— particular Well-Developed into a shell. This was made acoustically perfect, not fol- all, it is tone; the glowing magic of the Kreisler A was evident above mistice of World War II is signed, as you would have four BB-flat basses only from the standpoint of mechanical engineering ns band and two War I. It will be t tone. lowing the armistice of World basses. I also prefer the recording short-action of the curves and arches, but also through the use of the E-flat artists, too, thrill us with their technical wiz- community that will meet the boys at Other band in your four-valve basses for concert bands and the sousa- Violin Tone acoustical plaster for the first time east of the Missis- district excite our admiration by the sweep and subtlety The Soul of station and escort them through your business the marching bands ardry, ^ phone model for Since this sippi since its invention in sound movie work in Holly- every in- interpretations; but it is the beauty and indi- town. Such a project should be carried out in of their or volves an expenditure beyond the means of the aver- wood some time ago. war, band viduality of his tone that sets each player apart in our community. Certainly, in these days of believe the sousaphone Years ago, a successful “Silver Cornet” band of some age school band, I is the more elements nationality, temperament, important, and here in St. Joseph we minds. Many — music is very practical and satisfactory bass for school bands. eighteen or twenty members had been playing the military schooling, and so on—contribute to the inherent per- shall continue to pour out patriotic music and l (ISerhie summer concerts, mainly as an attraction for visiting of the artist; but, we ask ourselves, by what hij _ Jlciroi ey airs until the war ends and our boys and girls come sonality tourists and resorters. However, the newly organized means does this personality find expression in the Municipal Band for which we so earnestly campaigned, Saving Storage Space tone? The violin itself is not the main factor, for a employed a personnel of forty well-trained musicians, player retains his characteristic tone no matter what and I might say that from the first rehearsal up to instrument he may be using. The answer, to a very if it does not come naturally to him position as in the first—with one important difference; the present moment, a real professional spirit has pre- large degree, is—the vibrato. It is almost entirely the vibrato— else. Good results are often obtained the wrist can be rested against the shoulder of the vailed and has no doubt contributed tremendously to through the vibrato that a player’s inner individuality than by anything friends, a music amateur, on it for the first two violin, thus anchoring the forearm and enabling the its success. One of my was moving merges with the tone of the violin and finds release by spending only a few minutes Band Questions home into a small apartment. Like the pupil meanwhile being encouraged hand to rock more easily. Exercises should be confined from a large many expression. As a poor vibrato is an insurmountable or three lessons, Concert Schedule and Activities and she had accumulated stacks and with it at home. If the results are not to the second and third fingers, on all four strings, music lovers stacks of obstacle to the attainment of an eloquent tone, the ac- to experiment Summer concerts began in late June, running for Answered The Etude. She knew she would detailed instruction is in order. But until the hand motion can be made smoothly, if slowly. copies of not have quiring of an expressive vibrato is of immediate in- satisfactory, then the first and fourth fingers should be brought eleven Sundays and closing on Labor Day. Rehearsals the complete magazines, but . lie did explanations must be given gently, almost casually. Then space for want to terest to every violinist. the were held on Sunday mornings with concerts at two- music, and she wanted this material pupil should never be allowed to feel a sense of into use. All violinists have difficulty with the fourth- William 2). IfcevJli save the in a Until very recent years it was regarded as a natural The thirty and seven-thirty P.M. All concerts were well ^ form. compulsion, or that he is being asked to do something finger vibrato, and it can be acquired only by giving convenient gift that could not be taught; now, happily, that idea attended, the crowds increasing in size with the years, it continual attention; difficulty with the first finger, After careful thought she opened each magazine and has been discarded, and today most students are taught he cannot do. as the news of the St. Joseph Municipal Band spread exercises with the however, is usually caused by allowing the knuckle of A Practical Instrumentation cut loose all the pages not devoted to music composi- something about the vibrato. Let us look into the sub- It is usually best to start vibrato throughout the countryside cities. finger to press the neck, and this can be and neighboring tions, and then tightened up the wire tuples with second or third finger on the A string; these fingers the against Q. Will you please suggest a practical instrumentation a ject here, from the point of view of the teacher. Probably most satisfying to the townspeople, and few taps of a hammer. The index she cut are naturally the strongest and most flexible, and the easily eliminated. There are some students who bend for a thirty.five piece high school band?—J. C. R., Utah. out and It is, indeed, not very hard to teach, if certain essen- certainly to myself, was the success of the band on its able to swing more easily. Teachers the first finger too lightly when trying to vibrate with pasted inside the front cover. tials are well understood. The first of these is relaxa- hand is therefore venture into musical contests throughout the central A. for are apt to differ on the question of whether it is better it; this, too, is a simple matter to correct, provided I recommend the following instrumentation Thus she had all the music attractively bound in tion. As the ideal vibrato is the result of combined states. Its record shows top rating in virtually every the vibrato. In our opin- that the student realizes the necessity for a relaxed concert performance: two flutes—doubling on piccolo, thin easy to handle books. It was such a simple yet movements in the elbow, the wrist, and the joints of to start with the wrist or arm competition it entered, including first-place winner in one oboe, one , eight clarinets, alto effective ion, it is much better to begin with the former. The finger. B-fiat two way of saving the music that we are passing the fingers, it stands to reason that there must not be the Chicagoland Music Festival and first-place winner stiffen the entire hand and arm saxophones, one tenor saxophone, one baritone saxo- the idea on to other readers of The Em i any tension in the arm or the hand that will affect the majority of students Warning in the Band Mardi-Gras at Riverview Park, Chicago. vibrate from the elbow; whereas the A phone, one bass clarinet, four French horns, three free coordination of these movements. For example, the when they try to Our 1944 programs are in the making at the present properly practiced, tends to relax both At this stage, the part played by the finger joints trombones, four cornets, two euphoniums, two tubas, pupil cannot be allowed to push up his left shoulder wrist vibrato, time and the chief theme for this coming season is three percussion. can safely be ignored, mention of it generally tending For marching purposes, you should in order to hold the violin, for this inevitably produces arm and hand. Victory. have in library We already our almost every increase the number of brass instruments percus- teacher, then, should have the pupil place the to confuse the pupil. Usually it is sufficient to warn and stiffness some part of the arm: Another essential is The patriotic published. in number All vocal soloists who ex- sion, as well as eliminate oboe, bassoon, and bass finger the string and explain to him that, him against stiffening his fingers. The so-called “finger study of it be started early enough actually, second on pect to appear that the — with the band have expressed a prefer- clarinet. finger must not move from the note, it vibrato” is really nothing more than flexibility in the in the first year or two. The vibrato will then more although the ence for patriotic numbers, particularly for encores. In forwards over its joints of the finger, something that nearly always a natural part of the pupil’s musical ex- must roll gently backwards and the past, the easily become following great conductors have appeared to it a naturally easy wrist-and-arm motion Fuzzy Clarinet Tone been given to it until rounded tip, the motion being imparted by comes when an on our programs: pression than if no attention had Harold Bachman, Glen C. Bainum, of hand in the wrist joint. He has been attained. Some students produce a kind of Q. I have been playing the clarinet for the past three the fourth or fifth year. rocking movement the William D. Revelli, and others. We have also featured years. My tone is quite thin and inclined to be “fuzzy”— should also explain clearly that the knuckle of the first quasi-vibrato by alternately pressing and relaxing the other novelty numbers, such as twirlers, dancers, ama- especially in the high register. I practice sustained tones An Early Start finger' must never press against the neck of the violin; fingers on the string. This mannerism tends to produce teurs, popular daily, but this routine does not seem to help or improve swing numbers, and so forth. Programs in contact with the “bleat” rather than a vibrato! my tone. As a whole, my technic is considered quite good. effort should be made to awaken the that the only parts of the .hand a for 1944 will also include the various national If possible, an Although I have never had a private lesson the thumb. Telling the pupil can vibrate evenly from the wrist in I am con- interest in it as soon as he has a good hand neck should be the finger tip and When of the United Nations, as well as other compositions sidered a student’s good reader. Can you suggest any studies or of position, try it in the first. the first position. Many the pupil to relax everything except the pressure the the third he should again typical of those countries. practice routine which will help me improve my tone? position and good intonation in string, he should take the child’s forearm After a few days’ practice he is likely to find that it —R. B., New Jersey. pupils begin to vibrate spontaneously in emulation of finger on the his left hand, and with his right, roll the hand comes as easily in the lower as in the higher position. Members in Service their teacher. For. this reason, the teacher, when he gently in of times. the time has come to introduce the arm vibrato. A. First, I would suggest that you seek a is should take care to use a .slowly backwards and forwards a number Then During the past two seasons there has been a notice- good judges that the time ripe, teacher. There are undoubtedly some in your home relaxed and expressive vibrato whenever he demon- Then^ still holding the forearm, he should have the able change in the personnel of the St. Joseph Munici- The Arm Vibrato city. If not, you are near New York City where frequently. Often pupil try to make the rocking motion himself. pal Band, brought on, of course, by the war. Forty-four many strates for the pupil—which should be this, the student should excellent teachers are available. The diagnosis of your interested eye fastened on the Nearly evfery. teacher has his favorite method of deal- In his first experiments with men have already left the band and are now serving he will see a keen and problem can be made and improvement ing with this phase of vibrato training, so it is not keep one idea clearly in his mind: that his arm is with the Armed Forces. Replacements have been made suggested only motions of his hand. When this is the case, he can loosely between the shoulder and the finger by a good teacher who would have to hear and see the pupil to' start on necessary, nor have we space, to go into all the possi- hanging from the St. Joseph High School Band, many of whom afford to be patient, waiting for you perform. Poor tone quality can be attributed bilities here. One thing may be said; the student should tip. There must be no tension anywhere—no stiffening are girls. Of the forty-four musicians in last summer’s to his own initiative. many causes, such as (a) mouthpiece, (b) not be urged to quicken the rocking of his hand—the of the shoulder muscles and no rigidity in the upper band, half were from the high school band and half strength of If this happens, and the vibrato is made correctly, it reed, (c) embouchure, (d) breathing; should continue until it can be done with arm. The teacher must be sharply on the look-out for were women. hence, you can is well to delay further instruction until the student is slow rolling see the necessity for private lessons. perfect evenness. Then, and only then, it can be sug- any tendency in this direction. Many fine violinists The new Service Plaque in Lake Front Park, where accustomed to his new accomplishment, lest he become be the gested that he try for a little more speed. vibrate from the shoulder, and if the pupil begins to the band shell is located, carries the names of all band self-conscious of it. But the teacher must on do this naturally, there is no need to check him unless watch for one of the most common of student faults: members now serving their country. A landscaped In ihe Third Position About l he vibrates too widely. The important thing is relaxa- background acts as a base for the service plaque with onguing vibrating across the string instead of along its length. follow Q. I am first If, after several weeks, little noticeable progress has tion; once this is acquired, the rest will in due fir trees, appropriate flowers, and some lattice work clarinetist of our high school band and If acquired, this habit is extremely difficult to break, have been playing for the past six years. made, or if the pupil cannot rid himself of the course. providing a beautiful setting for the I have a great and much trouble will be saved if it is corrected at been Honor Roll and deai of trouble with articulation and do not seem to be his wrist in and out without moving While he is developing the arm vibrato, the student able once. If interest is in the vibrato, or if, show- habit of bending making it conspicuous to passersby and visiting to tongue lightly. Almost every tone no shown I play sounds better be dropped, should all means continue to work on the wrist as if I am slapping the reed. So ing effort to try it for him- his hand, then the whole subject had by tourists. long as I am slurring the interest, the pupil makes no tones my tone and playing are good, without comment, to be resumed only after vibrato; if he does not, he may lose it. Later, he should but when I have to self, then the teacher must consider how best to begin quietly and Similar programs could be carried out in many com- use my tongue in rapid CAPTAIN ARNT Liberty passages I slap the reed and MAGNUSDAL. master of the in the third position. For it is practice them alternately—a few notes with the arm, lose up, explaining it particular pupil. the student is at home munities throughout the country. Individuals of our the quality. What can I do to improve S.S. Victor Herbert behalf to this my , on tonguing? accepted recently an undeniable fact that the vibrato is much easier to then a few with the wrist, and so on. A little later still, L. H., Is At this point he must remember that many young Civic Committee worked very faithfully and ambi- — Mississippi. °,, crew two electric several phonographs and in the third position than in the first. Neverthe- he should use the arm and the hand on alternate tiously carry the municipal idea students are very self-conscious of attempting the learn to band to the people A. Do not start a recordings of Victor Herbert’s works from tone until you have fv. a less, it is always worth while to see if it can be acquired notes; in this way he will come to an unconscious of placed vou f vibrato, more so than of anything else they study. The our city, and such committees in other towns might tongue on the American Society of and reed. Point the tongue r> ;, Composers, Authors stages. If so, it will be part of the pupil’s merging of the two and an expressive vibrato will be and place th u ishers child’s first attempts, therefore, need to be guided with in the earlier — do the same now if they knew it was for a patriotic tip of it (ASCAP) ASCAP to the . tip of the reed. Do not Mr. Robert L. Murray, six twelve months sooner; if not, noth- within sight. press the tongu official, great tact sensitiveness. The subject should be equipment to purpose. Surely, the playing of military music and pa- against the reed made the and but merely place it lightly presentation. lost and perhaps a seed has been All these suggested exercises should be practiced against th brought it were not particularly ing has been — triotic songs is of great importance to every community reed. With The Victor up quite casually, as if the tongue in this position, Herbert, named after the Society's with the bow, except perhaps the very earliest ones, from the standpoint of morale, victory enthusiasm, and blow anVa iounder, difficult nor of major importance. One day the teacher planted. the same time draw the tongue was launched last as a sixtieth away from the t August 22 The method of approach is the same in the third for the ear is a surer guide to evenness than the eye spirit. The importance of a band at this time assist rppri lr should say, “Tell me, can you vibrate? You know to your tongue is on the reed a ' £ift to Major Wain- before . you blow, , General Jonathan M. can possibly be. At first the sounds produced may be in bond rallies, departures of draftees, boat you can like this,” and play a short phrase with an expressive launchings, not slap the reed. Always nght, captured by the end the tone with the Japs at Corregidor. rather dismal, but any embarrassment on the part of military funerals, and so forth, should be stressed if tongu vibrato. Then, still treating the matter as if it were against the reed and ready for a^ a ’ n Magnusdal from the next tone , has had two ships shot out the pupil can be laughed off by the teacher with some you plan such a campaign in your city. This would be this Repea under more or less incidental, he should get the pupil to try action until you can start the him. The first was which tone without off Cape Hatteras in first such remark as, “Never mind; we’ve all had to make a very strong talking point for any community to use if strik it. No matter how clumsy or ineffectual the at- VIOLIN mg the tongue against mj n was ' the reed, by os *-- The other sinking was more than sounds like that at times. They soon improve.” it contemplates promoting a producing th ! tempts may be, should meet with encouragement, band program financed by attack as a rebound, rather 0 miles South his they Edited by Harold Berkley than by striking of Capetown. The Captain and Some students develop a (Continued on Page 422) the band tax. the reec for the average student is more easily discouraged by Keep the stroke of the n were eight not tongue short and light hours in water at 33 degrees, but a single man was lost. 392 JULY, 1944 "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC” 393 "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC” THE ETUDE — —

What do These Music and Study Signs Mean? Music and Study ,' Q. 1 . Please refer to the September, 194 Etude, page 589. My question is this- Wh i are the dotted lines for in Measure Tuwo?f Also in Measure Twenty-three. 2. Also. Isn't a mark like this (_) an indication of a Integrated a note retard? OtherwY*W can find no use for it.— E. N. Q. I understand that you favor some I M. plan for teaching college Theory of Music March 1. At this point the a Wedding Answers A. dotted The General Wanted that integrates written harmony, keyboard Questions and line, indicate voice leading. The harmony, sight-singing, ear training, im- quarter not provisation, and so on. Will on the treble staff moves you tell me G down to th* in some detail how such a course might quarter note D on the bass staff. be organized and just This what items would Conducted by on the second be included; occurs beat of the also how the daily lessons mea- spared no expense for either would be sure, the other voices not visitor band and planned? Is simple counter- moving until HE BOY ANNOUNCED a uniforms or instruments. It boasted a full point included as part of the first year’s the “and” after the beat. whose name was unfamiliar. As I work? And do you carry it beyond one complement of woodwinds and brasses, not 2. The little straight line a young man year? Any information and over a note entered my study, advice that T to mention drums. We returned to our you care to give me will be greatly ap- CjelrLenS indicates that the tone or chord is long grey Chinese coat rose, offered ^J^arf W. to be ciad in near the gate. preciated. R. C. vantage point — slightly accented and sustained to calling card with both hands and a its his About eleven o’clock the unmistakable full value. Sometimes this implies and introduced his companion, A. I a low bow, music came to us on a do indeed favor such a plan as Mus. Due. ap- sound of wedding slight retard also, but not necessarily. also dressed in sober grey wool. It you have outlined for the teaching of light autumn breeze and grew steadily Professor Emeritus peared that the owner of the card had college theory. In the past, these various three-part song form) at the piano or on stronger. The bridal procession returned, once heard me play at an informal con- elements of theory were usually taught paper their seats. This two-measure College Piano yiusic filed into the park and halted. The satin at Oberlin by Czech Presuming on this slight acquaint- in separate classes, and often cert. carefully lowered from under as start might be played at the piano by friend who wedding chair was Editor, Webster’s New Composers ance, he came on behalf of his many different teachers. The result was the teacher, the members of the class Music the shoulders of its bearers and touched I have been asked secretary- aide to General Chiu Q. lo give a piano was a curtain stirred. that what the students learned in either playing it back by ear, or writing International Dictionary the ground; but not a A recital at a D.A.R. meeting, using only here the other grey shape half rose and one class had little or no relation to it down on paper. Austro-Hungarian and Czech middle-aged woman came from the pa- music. I can bowed again. The general was in command what they learned in another. So in the In the above plan you can see that we find loads of typical music by Mozart, vilion—the general’s aunt, someone said the military troops occupying Canton end they had studied written harmony, Haydn. Strauss, and others, but can't think of and, opening the front curtain of the have had one center of interest—the wife. of any Czech composers. Can you help and was, it seemed, about to take a keyboard, ear training, sight-singing, and chair, invited the bride to come out. She study of the inversions of the dominant Mrs. C. H. gossip: me?— I knew the story—it was common so forth, as separate studies, without seventh chord. We have not had written shook her head until the bead veil of her young General Chiu and an older rival realizing that they are all merely differ- A. Among the headdress jingled. The aunt repeated her harmony as one isolated unit, keyboard more modem Czech possession of troops and ter- had vied for her ent approaches to the same goal—the harmony as another, ear training as an- composers the following three are invitation, held out a hand and urged prob- ritory across the width of two provinces understanding of how music is built and other, sight-singing as another, and im- ably best known: Antonin to descend; she remained coyly within. Dvorak, Be- long trek from their native Yunnan recorded. on the general’s aunt retreated, to re- provisation as yet another. But all these dfich Smetana, and Ernst Kfenek. If you Then the to join Sun Yat Sen’s forces in Canton. In integrated theory teaching, all these turn shortly with her husband; the bride facets of theory have been used as va- will consult the MacMillan "Encyclopedia secretary had shown The older general’s in- facets are taught in the same class by rious approaches problem in still demurred; however, with more to the one of Music and Musicians’’ you will find a him the photograph of a pretty girl cousin the same teacher. I think I can show hand. The students sistent urging she finally set a tiny foot have not felt that long list of additional names, but the he wished to marry off to some you best how this works by taking a whom on the ground petite, gayly dressed one day they studied keyboard harmony, publications of most of these his chief had —a lesser- important person; although Helen specific problem—the inversions of the another training, creature, but looking not at all like a day ear and so on, but known composers are not available in he said he would be four wives already, armies had fought dominant seventh chord, for example. rather that they have been studying the of Troy over whom two the United States; therefore, I shall con- delighted to have this girl for his fifth. This would very likely be introduced to for thousands of miles. V7 inversions. And undoubtedly no one unmarried and fine myself in this reply to the three But General Chiu was a the students by ear, by having the lesson would The aunt then led the bride through be devoted exclusively to whose names will be recognized at once offered the first place in his estab- teacher play thus pavilion we followed for the class some com- any one type of activity, but each day side door of the and by almost anyone. is, of course, and, presumably, a larger dowry. position containing (Kfenek lishment entrance. The narrow build- these chords, such as there would be a certain amount of play- by the front not as well as the other two, but I generals had dueled with their "THE DREAM OF THE RED CHAMBER" the Thanksgiving Hymn, For the Beauty known The two far from empty now; guests were ing, of singing, of writing, and, always, the ing was am including his because he is at armies from Yunnan to Canton and A famous Chinese actress of the Earth, or the trio of the second name so closely packed that it was difficult to careful listening. wedding was to costumed for a romantic role present residing in our own country.) younger man won. The place movement of the “Moonlight Sonata.” In answer to get to the piano. While I took my your question as to how take place next week. After the class The great difficulty, so far as you are and the violinist tuned had discussed the such a course might be organized and at the keyboard No question will be answered in Would I play the wedding march? The sounds of these chords, a blackboard ex- THE ETUDE concerned, is the fact that no one of the the Master of Ceremonies stood on a daily lessons planned, I cannot be very unless accompanied by the full name up, piano general fostered Western music in his mil- position might follow in and address of the inquirer. three is specifically a composer of his voice could be heard by all. which the specific. Each problem and every class Only initials, chair so or pseudonym given, will be published. put- itary band; he desired a foreign wedding teacher explains why each inversion is music, so you will have a hard time Outside the regimental band was ranged of students will need new approaches. and—as everyone knew—the “Lohengrin” given the name it bears. The class will ting together a program of Czech piano like a guard of honor. What will work in one group will not March was an essential part of marriage sing the chords up and down vertically, music unless you can get some other per- necessarily work in another. But I be- Western manner. I promised, and noting formers to collaborate with you. In the in the Behold, the Master of Ceremonies the natural pull and resolution lieve that the above discussion will give the grey twins took their leave with re- of each chord member. Then the students case of Dvorak, for example, you might In an alcove at the other side of the you a fairly good idea as to how to go peated bows and protestations of thanks. will practice writing these inversions do some of the "Slavonic Dances” (which room, directly opposite the front and about teaching in this manner. The chief main their resolutions in all keys. At the next are written for piano, four hands), if you door, stood a large table covered with a need is for the teacher to have a burn- is from Promptness Demanded music that we learn best. I civilian dress lesson they might well sing melodies ing might can get another pianist to assist. Or the red cloth; a man in beautiful desire to make the study of music of course, supply A few days later the secretary reap- which contain a long list of musical “Dumky violin- silk came out from a side outlines of the V7 chords, theory functional Trio,” if you have a good of brocaded a whole instead of a examples that peared; he spoke neither English nor Can- discuss which would be useful. But that you took his place behind the table; inversions would fit best group of unrelated subjects. ist and a cellist at hand. Of course, door and is not so very tonese and I knew no Mandarin, but he at various places, and then improvise important. You can easily might “New someone whispered that he was a general You will, of course, include in play a movement of the stiff your compile such a list presented me with a large rectangle of accompaniments to these melodies. The from your own ac- World piano, even more important than the bride- program of study all the elements you Symphony” as arranged for imprinted with Chinese char- quaintance with musical literature. red paper begin. next logical assignment would be to as- mentioned in And four hands: or perhaps one or more of ceremony. She was lodged only a block groom. Evidently the ceremony was about to your question, plus a great as I acters in gold. After he had gone, I deciphered it. The the wedding sign certain have already intimated, the over the piano keys, my melodies which the students deal really the series of it there a red satin sedan chair, three My hands were poised of analyzing of actual music. Un- important “Humoresques.” older brother and sister-in-law of General Chiu, away, but was will accompany thing is for the teacher fastened on Master of Ceremonies; he raised at the keyboard, using fortunately there is to In the case of Smetana and Kfenek the groups of musicians, and scores of floats covered with eyes the no text book avail- acquire the said, begged me, with three low bows, to shed the proper inversions. right philosophy of repre- slender right hand, glanced at me and called out, Suggest also a able for this kind of theory teaching you are even worse off, and the only of their stage scenery upon which little actresses posed, a teaching. So after which the gracious light of my presence over the nuptials more difficult melody, such as Ich Liebe details will take care of thing copy of tableaus from well-known plays. They were “Music!” you will have to select some text or themselves. I can think of is to get a younger brother on Wednesday next at the hour of senting Dich, by Beethoven, regimental band broke the welkin with The for which they will group of texts and adapt “The Bartered Bride” and use part of it: emphasized, “be on gay and bedizened in their theatrical costume and And the them to your Simple counterpoint nine in the morning. “Please,” it write an accompaniment in some proper might well be in- or Dances.” but underneath the thick layer of paint Stars and Stripes Forever. own purpose. Or you might even teach cluded perhaps some of the “Czech time.” headdress, style. in the first year’s after first turn—tum-ti- turn; the without a book, work if you de- Smetana piano said powder, their faces were drawn and tired. Several I gave up the except for material the sire, also wrote a cycle of I doubted if this admonition meant what it and Haydn although I myself couple not yet appeared perhaps I had and Mozart “Sonatas” with students would need for would not ad- pieces Impromp- at rode on the backs of small Mongolian ponies. bridal had — sight-singing vocate teaching called “Bagatelles and but, since I was to play the wedding march, I was Alberti basses are a fertile source of ma- it from the conventional got my signals crossed. After about four minutes, the practice. In addition to this you would tus” which you may be able to secure in place hour with a pupil whom species approach. This the appointed on the Band Arrives terial for this problem. Let the teacher probably want integrated method you The noise outside was over and conversation leaped up your students to own at of theory this country, and u part of which I had asked to play O Promise Me as a violin solo. dictate some such excerpt teaching should by Oriental again from the crowding guests. I wasn’t jealous of as the first least two other books for all means may is an “borrowed” Altogether, it was a scene of “more than “ singing, play- be carried want to play even though it The First Public Park of Canton had been four measures of the beyond the first raft-like floats to band, you understand; it was a pretty good band, ‘Eighteenth-Cen- ing, and analyzing. I should year If it earlier at double gates splendor.” The bearers raised the the think that makes elementary work which does not show him by General Chiu for the occasion. Wide tury Drawing Room’ Sonata” as an ear- some such collection theory more shoulders, the major domo spaced them to the although some of its instruments could have been in as the Brown “Twice func- his best. Kfenek's work is, of stood open, each guarded by a soldier with a bushel their training tional, more practical, best known exercise, and have the class play 55 Plus” would be and more inter- advantage with the ponies between, set one band better tune; but the rhythm was wonderful; they fin- indispensable as well esting, course, “Jonny Spielt you might basket of flowers at his feet. These were distributed best it in it will certainly Auf” and all keys, both major and minor. as some volume do the same of musicians at the head of the cortege, one in the ished exactly together on the last chord. of selected piano com- the more for secure a piano score of this opera and to the guests—chrysanthemum corsages for the ladies, Then assign other melodies to which advanced stages also. at end, and the procession began After a short period of aural rest, the Master of positions of not too advanced a grade yourself excerpts. marigold boutonnieres for the men—and their pos- middle and one the they of real e that arrange a potpourri of will add Alberti basses. The next difficulty. *, it is impossible move, each band strumming and blowing a differ- Ceremonies raised his hand and called out, “General One thing the teacher will need lf to de- After writing reply I sent session gave one the freedom of the grounds. to step would be scribe adequately in the above appeared. to have the class improvise is an almost inexhaustible words just pavilion ent tune, through tortuous, winding streets to the Chiu!” The bridegroom supply of ac- each how to your question to friend Professor We wandered back toward a pretty little (either by singing or playing or theory in this my quarter hour to pass the “Music!” he yelled. I tried again, but what could both) tual music to illustrate all manner, and place. It was com- bride’s home. It took a of an problems, for as long an lven James Husst Hall, of Oberlin College, and where the ceremony was to take new melodies over these bass patterns. in answer as this were standing. one piano do against The Washington Post March? this approach mere exercises, usually undoubtedlv he additional pletely empty. Sighing at our trustfulness, we prepared point where we Then let leaves you has given me the following the teacher give the class a dull, puzzled about around in the intense sunlight, still un- Then that was over; General Chiu, resplendent in dry, and manufactured to many matters Allegro to wait out the polite two hours before other guests We strolled two-measure illustrate So I would urge suggestions: Bear Dance and beginning of an Alberti a certain you to visit comfortably warm, although it was November. Other blue Hussar’s uniform complete with feathered hel- technical brain-twister, will not some school Barbaro and would begin to arrive. pattern and ask the where the subject is by Bartok: Intermezzo stiff before the improvised altar. students to extend suffice. It is taught in guests drifted in, and the band of the General’s per- met, stood music we are studying, not some such Viennese ” A bustle and stir near the center of the park roused this into period form (or way m on!.., to gain ™ Clock, by Kod&ly; “Slav “The bride!” announced the Master of Ceremonies, even a two or mechanical rules and blue a m procession form- sonal regiment arrived in uniforms patterned after prints; and it of this a (37 pieces) (easy*, our curiosity, and there we found a approach. ; “Short Piano Pieces" Western-style and she emerged from the ( Continued on Page 422) ing bride’s and bring her back for Sousa. The general was proud of his 394 by Kfenek; and Capriccio by Dohnanyi- to go to the house "FORWARD MARCH WITH " MUSIC’’ "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC 395 THE etude JULY, 1944 — ”

that shorter crescendos. Note this three-measure contains three smaller ones Music and Study crescendo —one in each (All short swell-markings in brackets measure. are in writer to illustrate points in serted by the this article TWILIGHT IN THE VALLEY but not always, when a Usually, melody rises of departing day. The it composer has spent much of his life in a lovely Appalachian valley and in this charming melody has caught that misty moment gets stronger. In each of these three measures The we piece. with that “hushed swell to the top note. Also, right hand, with the stems turned down, are of course accompaniment and must be subdued. Continue’to play the feel a little we see that notes in the first group of thirty-second notes is the the loudest sense of the hour when the birds go to sleep. Grade 3|. turn becomes MORGAN WEST and each group in weaker as it becomes pitch. We find the same thing A Master Lesson on a lower in true of the Moderately; always well sustained and expressive M.M.J = 76 starting at Measure running passage 11. The notes ten. diminish as the passage becomes lower in ten. pitch. 5 ~-^_4 beginning at the eleventh 5 3 r~ - — - Ordinarily, measure, the -yb| 1 1 j ... 1 — i"~~ . j note on the beat would J J-=f first sixteenth have’ the r-H-4-=A e strongest accent; but, because of the upward — 4 b&J Fascinating Bach Prelude leap of - ? i[ =^8 » g or a seventh from the first to the x a sixth second note — t \ x r r about r3 the latter note becomes as important as the p i f * pi rp 1 f f ten. rule holds in first. This same Measure 16 where the ten. F-sharp makes a jump of a seventh to E-natural. t J'-iL. fortunately only 4- Some pedagogs, a few, claim that nrJ P vM— ° 0 e by Orville cjCindcfriiist because the pianos of Bach’s day had no pedals, btp \ — his —o -= compositions need no pedaling. It is true that such o Tv 5 o contrapuntal compositions as his “Inventions” and 1 simile very little pedaling, i “Fugues” require and what little —A A __A - — _A there is should be only in particular passages. HIS LITTLE Prelude ill C major is one of sev- many of which, if encountered today would seem But no one of Mendelssohn’s “Songs Without eral easy piano pieces found in a collection, about as intelligible to the average good musician Words” is in more need of pedaling than is this little T “Clavierbiichlein fur W.F.Bach,” left by Bach: as the hieroglyphics of an Egyptian tomb. For in- Prelude no doubt, composed especially for his son Wilhelm stance, instead of writing out the eight thirty-second of Bach’s. The pupil should not add the pedaling to Friedemann. The manuscript is written in the hand of notes in Measure 3, Bach wrote this piece until it well learned. the father and dated 1720. So, when this composition he has He should not pedal it Ex. 4 was written Bach was thirty-five years old. The pic- at all if he does not understand pedal-lcgato. As a 44V* ture of the old gentleman with a wig is such a familiar test of whether or not he does understand it, let him one to all of us that it is easier to imagine Santa and for the fourth measure, this play slowly these nine whole notes, 'hanging the Claus being this age than Bach. pedal on each note. In order not to make a legato This little piece is an excellent one, especially for Ex. 5 by finger connection he should play the ,< notes with the playing and pedaling of mordents. There are two one finger, or with the eraser-end of a lead pencil. kinds of mordents, both of which are used in this —about as different from each other as identical The foot should come up, not go down, s each tone composition. According to H. A. Clark’s “Pronouncing- twins. No wonder they could not agree as to how is struck. Dictionary of Musical Terms” (every student should these various signs should be interpreted. Ex. 6 own a musical dictionary), the definition for the The playing of this Prelude calls for three different mordent is as follows: A sign types of touch: 1. Hand or pressure touch, as used for melody Ex.1 playing. If the pedaling is found to be correct, then prac- * 2. Finger stroke with action from the knuckle, as tice these three pedalings: Counting four to each indicating a single, rapid stroke of the auxiliary note used in running passages. whole note, first let the pedal-depression come on below the principal followed by a return to the prin- 3. Light legato touch, as used for accompaniments. Count 2, next on Count 3, and then on count 4. Of cipal note, thus: We read of the hundred and one varieties of touch. course, the pedal-release will always bi on Count 1. Ex. 2 but I feel sure they can all be boiled down pretty These are all common pedalings for a pcdal-legato; Written Played much to these three, with possibly one or two others added. in fact, each one of the three is encountered in this Prelude. 1. The pressure touch is used for the first eight Counting four to each quarter note we find that measures of melody, as played with the left hand. the sign is throughout the first eight measures the p. dal-depres- When used without the dash through Try to think of this melody being played by a ’cellist non is on the third sixteenth-note. the it, it is called an inverted mordent, or pralltriller, and and strive for a feeling for that type of tone. To depress pedal any earlier during these would cause consists of the principal and the note above. Thus 2. The finger action is used for all of the embellish- measure a blurring of the mordents. pedal ments and for the running passage from the ninth Never, when possible, Ex. 3 a mordent until the third struck. measure to the end. The groups of thirty-second notes tone has been Written Played (Measures In Measures 11, 12, 13. 14, and 15 the depression -4V 3, 4, and 5) should be played with a light is on the second so that finger action, with the hand kept still while playing sixteenth-note. This is done the second note will of the them. From the middle of the composition to the not be missed. Because high pitch of im- end, finger action is used with pressure added accord- this note it becomes equally as portant So, remember this: If the mordent sign has a line ing to the amount of increased tone desired. as the first one. This passage is pedaled twice drawn through it you go to the note below; if there 3. in each measure, but, as it lower, The light legato touch is used for the first eight descends lower and is no line, the note above is played. -Notice that the it is necessary for the the measures of accompaniment played with the right sake of clearness to change last note of the mordent in the left hand is struck pedal on each beat hand. Keep fingers close to the keys. The wrist should in Measures 14 and 15. with the first note of the accompaniment in the very At the end of the last third be loose with a slight drop on the first note and measure we find the right hand. Some editions have these mordents writ- type of pedaling. an equally slight lift on the third one. Here again, However, on this last beat any ten in sixty-fourth notes, but since the tempo given the one of the three reader way you play this accompaniment will depend types would be proper. The for this is = may wonder Prelude invariably M.M., 104 or 108, play- a great deal on how you feel it. why the blurring notes on Count 3 in ing them faster than thirty-second notes would not There is not Measure 15 are pedaled. that much to say about the fingering of this The reason for this is sound well. piece. It is plainly there is a distinct first marked and needs only to be fol- melody line starting with the The tendency today is not to use the symbols for beat of Measure lowed. Some pedagogs say that when playing a mor- 14 (G) and continuing to the third count mordents, but, as is done here, to write them out in dent there should be a in Measure 15, change of fingers; that is thus; full. (See cign enclosed in brackets in Measures 1 three fingers should be used instead of two;’ that do- and 6.) Also, the tendency now is to use the inverted ing this makes for clearer a performance. Both fin- mordent rather than the mordent proper. Usually gerings are given to several of these mordents. Take in rapid passages a true mordent is impossible. It is the one that seems better for you. then treated as a triplet, as in Measure 15. In the playing When this Prelude see that the left hand Not to continue fourth days of Bach, Haydn, and Mozart, mordents always melody through the first the pedaling through to the eight measures is never beat would spoil were started on the beat. In later music, they are lacking in tone, and that the ending of the melodic line. The the accompaniment figure bluning on this count it is just as often played ahead of the beat with the last in the right hand is always kept is not displeasing since in the background immediately note receiving the accent. Above all, lifted on Count 4. Remember that the see that all crescendos and diminuendos up-action of very In the early classical period, compositions were full are observed. To play these the foot in pedaling is always eight measures of melody quick—much of all kinds of embellishments. The reason for this in a straight line would ruin the more so than the down-action. Finally, performance of this vhy is that the pianos of that day did not have much composition. is no pedal used in the next two measures? It is because tone-sustaining power, and such superficial decora- Notice the long crescendo from Measure 11 to this point we have extending through the had tions helped to fill the gap. Instead of writing out first a feeling of harmony, the end three measures. Just as a large wave can but from here to carry there is a these embellishments, various symbols were used, several smaller ones, so a long distinct melody and a beautiful one it is crescendo can contain — Copyright Co British Copyright secured Ordinarily where 420) 1944 by Theodore Presser there is a ( Continued on Page 397 396 "forward march WITH MUSIC JULY 1944 THE ETUDE The very fluent and well-balanced compositions of the late Frederick A.WiJJiams of Cleveland, Ohio, have hosts of teacher and pupi I admirers, who realize their as hand-training value well as their invariable usefulness. Summer Dawn is an excellent example. Grade 4 . Moderato m.m. J.= 63

i ^ — — _ — —— > — — — —^1

FINALE from SONATA in C If a a ® ea sy s exceedingly joyous moments. p > as it This last movement of Haydn’s most played sonata represents one of the composer ’ s ^ ei a Begin practicing very ow P s over - seems. It should be tossed off with the lightness of a kitten romping with a ball of wool. A o » ^ until the movemen < p you and takes emphasizing the staccato notes at first; then advance gradually (via the metronome, if possible)

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- — MAYFAIR TOWN MAJOR on the i\ oi ies and ebf C fairly dance PRELUDE IN to the composer by a scene at party in London’s swankiest center. It must i^tle study suggested a gay garden Lindquist elsewhere in tissue. mcrry See Master Lesson by Mr. Orville A. 3. nies. Grade to this work. They b ever J mordents in the left hand will contribute much Mi fluent performance of the f^iddj/notTabove Do not p^ayThi^co^'<*«- WTLLTAM RAINES “inverted”n.veneu orui r “ jj* ner.• These arere the “stroked”“stroked" or“true"or “true” mordent.mordents, Theme .. Crnfescnr Lindaui , Check yourself continua y y JEWS position too fast, but watch the pedals as a navigator watches his compass. J. S. BACH

• . , p t j— - j.--ppf#-J— 1 j —DC. — — r— — (f si H — ^I si * i ?J>- fjt U ( » II „» It } } r .h| fj. British Copyright secured Copyright 1944 by Theodore Presser Co. original Copyright 1941 by Theodore Presser Co. 402 402 THE ETUDE JULY 1944 — ^

THE NEW COLONIAL MARCH

Grade 4.

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International Copyright 405 THE ETUDE JULY iy,i£ Grade 3 5 . LUCINDA Moderato JOHN FINKE, m.m. J = 76 J r.

British Copyright secured THE ETUDE Elizabeth Evelyn Moore LITTLE BILL Allegretto mode rain t?ANK GREY

Hes not big-ger than mm-ute, Bu t it gives the heart a thrill When a house has some-one j„ it

Copyright 1942 by Theodore 408 British Copyright secured THE ETUDE m r l i

A SORROWFUL STORY ELIZABETH FYFFE Adagio (very slow) a

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Copyright MCMVIII by Oliver Ditson Company 411 JULY 1944

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FLAG OUR OUR FLAG SECONDO MYRA ADLER

3 1 2 dower ~trr. O- C\ M 1 ~&y 2.*

sing and proud - ly wave our flag: The Red, the White, the Blue. /?\ 2: 122 ~ ~ ?J £ 3E AMERICA M. M. J -84

^ | s • s m 9 My f coun-try, ’tis of thee, Sweet land of - lib er - ty, Of thee I sing. y Land where my 3 I2Z E Grade 2. FAIRY DANCE

Moderato m.m. J. = 66 MATILDA El DT

Grade 2a. RAGGED RACHEL DOROTHY MILLER DUNLAP Not too fast M. M . J = 78 m a n

PRELUDE PIANO TEACHERS' With page. Technic of the Month lesson by Dr. Guy Maier on opposite The FLASH E CHOPIN, Op.28,No.6 ( CARDS Conducted by Water SPEED DRILLS for Teaching Beginners Sight Reading Prelude in B Minor, Dp. 28, No. B Complete Set of 32 Cards, Keyboard Finder and Book of Instructions — Only 50/

l>ij Frederic Cdh op i Drill No. 1 For stressing visual easily and quickly learned by tiny tots, SIGHT-PLAYING accuracy Drill Cards. or beginners of any age, with these Speed easier and quicker for class or individual HAT TRANSPORTS of tears In order better to sense a “moving Makes teaching monotony” in the tempo of the prelude, instruction. have been shed—on paper—over prelude! I advise playing the right hand alone consist of 32 cards with this little “Raindrop” EASY TO USE— Speed Drills it with for one or two measures before joining easy-to-follow instructions for their use. On W. Sand drenched complete and George ftpr the staff which cor- . . . this, of course, for the note on adjectives, the rest of the the left with it each card is a picture of grief -stricken keyboard. Thus, all practice only. responds with the key on the piano sentimentalists written nineteenth-century the student learns through his eyes, rather than the sorrow. Only its stark The entire left hand of the prelude drowned it in location and position of each note. Drill No. 2 but should studied, and played, or spoken word, the kept it alive and fresh be memorized, For instant recognition bleak beauty has positions first, through this advanced of keyboard hundred years. by itself at for only AN ADVANCED STEP— Speed Drills are an for these the note on Vie, Madame method can the line and shape of its step in aiding the student to quickly identify In the “Histoire de Ma felt projected. the key on the piano. These handy cards her melody be and the i staff with relates that one day she and Sand accuracy, recognition of the keyboard posi- the long, precipitous It took a great deal of courage for me stress visual young son traveled producing rapid visual, mental and muscular (Majorca) from the to dare to advise altering some of the tions, road -to Palma coordination. of Valde- left-hand phrasing, since all editions ancient, crumbling monastery which I have seen phrase the first meas- mental pictures. This where Chopin and the Sand fam- THE LARGE NOTES make vivid mosa, - .1 1 . f 11 children-.U ; 1 -1 liken Speed*2 ann hy- ures thus: feature is important, but best of all ... living. With characteristic ,h “ ily were the first lesson Drill No. 3 descending Drills. They should be used at she describes the rain stressing rapidity perbole pupil should have a set for daily home practice. For washed off the playing the keys in torrents, the coach more of a re- the driver abandoning the trav- SIGHT-PLAYING is becoming more and road, should arrival, half drowned quirement of pianists, and students at the very start, elers, their final foundation to attain it. Speed Drills will lay the and exhausted, at the monastery in the be trained cry for proficient sight playing. dead of night; then Chopin’s wild you infer that Chopin’s original manu- upon seeing them. "Oh, I knew that I GET YOURS TODAY — Speed Drills may be obtained script is the authority for this unusual direct to us, the pub- were dead,” he gasped. . . . from your local music dealer, or send impossible phrase line. What- instructions, only 50c. Madame Sand, greatly savoring her and utterly lishers. Complete set of 32 cards with is at fault the early emotional binge, continues; “When final- ever or whoever — Drill No. 4 himself it’s high For stressing rapid vis- calm. Frederic confessed to editions or Chopin — City Mo. ly he grew JENKINS MUSIC COMPANY, Kansas 6, ual, mental and muscu- time to correct it: me that while waiting for our return he lar coordination had been almost lulled to sleep as he played the piano. ... As in a dream he

lake . . . heavy, saw himself drowned in a give Friends about THE ETUDE and ask them to ice-cold drops of water fell rhythmically Tell your Music Loving in their subscriptions. attention you the privilege of sending on his chest . when I drew Catalog Rewards for subscriptions you send the drops of rain which even then Ask for of to Philadelphia, Pa. roof of his cell he THE ETUDE 1712 Chestnut Street were falling off the In studying the left-hand melody, use the denied having heard them . . . yet giving vour elbow like a ’cellist s bow , prelude he played was indeed full of toward it an upward and outward curve these drops which resounded so sono- of each ascend- good care the top tone (up touch) To NKabinets take rously on the tiles of the monastery. . . . ing sixteenth-note group. After the top your Sheet Music In his imagination and his music they slightly, of in the first measure, hesitate postwar D TONKabinets are the Number One purchase on the were transformed into tears falling from notes much beautifully crafted cabinets then play the following three planning lists of many musicians. These music, guarding it heaven into his heart.” Beware especially are a real protection for your precious sheet softer (down touch). Specially designed handi-trays keep prel- against loss, tearing and dust. Well, whatever you think of the with hard, bumpy filed easy to find. Many sizes end types. of playing the C-sharp it sorted, neatly and available look for the name ude, or of Madame Sand’s story, you Treat Measure 3 the same way, When they're again readily tone. TONKabinet. Tonk Mfg. Co. must admit description does not to that her this time with a higher dynamic rise fit the No. 15 which Prelude in D-flat, the F-sharp. The climax of this phrase— many “Rain- persons mistake for the the top G in Measure 5—can be subtly drop.” At any rate, authorities are all projected by playing the G with a soft, TOIIKabinBts agreed is the of that this B minor Prelude “surprise,” down-arm touch instead one — for your sheet music and only “Raindrop.” the loudish G so obviously expected, If it is difficult to reconcile Madame thus: — for phonograph records Sand’s emotional outburst with the B minor’s immaculately classic and re- strained contours, one must admit that the measured of the right dim. . - drip-drop / 1— U ft|j I 1 . 1 j ~ - hand lends itself readily to the rain r ' wmm J = v imagery. The second note of the two-note 1 V = J T-d— m~0 J J figure must invariably be played ppp— r faint echoing vibration of the first. r — for the r suggested Note the dynamics the “-bow” Ex. 1 entire left hand. Use sixteenths, 25 ppp > phrasing for all groups of finger never play these with separate — recommend the long f ir~' i i~~ =1= p PPP articulations. I ^ ^ J in Measures ~tS^ £ £ damper pedal as indicated i 2 1 — “echo” in Meas- 14 This is 12-14. Note the effective • 21 done by depressing the key to 77 * i. iu!a w/-v4tv + +V»o enn niprr.p.s Play Ji the second B before it has a chance to PP^~~ reach key-top level after playing the 416 first B. THE ETUDE MARCH WITH MUSIC’ 417 JULY, 1944 "FORWARD — —— . ,

that picture is secure in my set; for Ives renders it with rare feeling mind I Singing project it into my singing. Once A Wide Selection of —a feeling that touches the heart but How Much of I begin to sing, then, I forget myself, Veinus’ does not embarrass the listener. The ma- my voice Abraham my breathing, my resonance. VllIEE Questions ' terial is (Such - - s * * s here varied: there is Buckeye r ‘-f I mm. Unusual Records Can Be Taught? purely technical matters Jim, an old mountain song; The Bold must be well mastered before interpretative Soldier, an old English ballad; The Sow work be- ( Continued from Page 382) gins!) I think only of the that Took the Measles, a delightful non- Page 387) emotional ( Continued from effect that song sense piece; Black Is the Color, tender my is to produce. I be- Concerto a Bloch: Nigun (Improvisation) No. 2 the character, Southern of lost Eliz- come the person in of Baal Shem Pictures of Mountain echo a the DR. DOUTY CHassidic sing is the first book Jlnsmered l NICHOLAS abethan love-song; The Blue Tail Fly, a song, and I and move and behave f Life; Mischa Elman (violin) and Vladi- they are taught to resonate their breath Negro minstrel song of the 1840’s; and as she would. How dreadful it would mir Padwa (piano). Victor disc 11-8575. in the resonance chambers ‘back of the be while singing Mimi, for instance, exclusive- Henry Martin, an ancient British ballad. ‘back’ is con- to stop Elman’s senuous tone brings out the nose.’ The use of that word No questions will be 'answered in THE ETUDE unless accompanied by the full name and think, ‘At this note, I must sentiment The folk-song authority, Alan Lomax, has is allowed raise my published. in this music in a way which fusing. In truth, a tone that about and address of the inquirer. Only initials, or pseudonym given, will be written a fine booklet for this set, and left hand!’ No! Think only that you are ly will appeal to many. One feels that this to slip ‘back’ becomes nasal. The art of A FRANK music Asch has made excellent recordings of forward Mimi. Then act as your heart tells you touches his heart, and that he resonance is to keep the tone as this STATEMENT OF FACTS ABOUT Ives’s voice and his accompanying guitar. she would act. That is the secret of in- has a deep affection for it. Mr. Padwa as possible—not back of the nose, but Welsh Traditional Songs: David of the terpretation. AN IMPORTANT SUBJECT gives the violinist splendid support, and forward, over the bridge of the nose. musical White Rock; Idle Days in Summertime; “In general, I have only respect is the recording is excellently attained. Many singers of fine public reputation for How to Overcome Nervousness When A. If you are in any doubt as to what is some Counting the Goats; Adieu to Dear Cam- the great service done by good required of you in your examination for the there Schubert: Die Junge Nonne, and Der tend to sound nasal because of this habit teach- Singing in Public its to the donors and ask for bria; The Dove; Farewell, Mary; All ers and good teaching. form... scholarship, write filling orders for Deagan Doppleganger; Lotte But—the best Q. When I sing in public very.nervous, delay in Lehmann (so- of thinking the tone back. I get a definite explanation of the points in doubt. Through the Night; Men of Harlach; teaching can do no more than while if I sing at home or before about four it’s the kind of delay prano) with Paul Ulanowsky at the “Exercises and vocalises are of greatest to stress Here is a general answer to your inquiries Marimbas. But origin and people I sing audience sung by Thomas L. Thomas (baritone) complete naturalness. beautifully. Before an if we saw your piano. Columbia disc 71509-D. help in developing the voice and keeping And the essence which we might answer better that is worth while from two standpoints. I get a frog in my throat and my lips start Mme. with harp accompaniments by Edward of that naturalness, in voice quality, application blank. Lehmann is more successful in it flexible. Not a day passes that I do not in quivering. What causes this terrible trouble First, it’s a patriotic delay, caused history . . Vito. Victor set 965. emission, and in deeply touching 1. Certainly there is a “theory of voice pro- The Young Nun than in The Phantom vocalize for at least an hour; often for human and how can I cure it? that highly important war duction,” and it teaches the control of the by the fact The young American baritone, 2. How many years will it take to become Double; the latter is essentially a man’s Thomas more. However, I never overuse voice. interpretation, can be given to the singer my breath, the placement (pose, focus) so that have first call on our facilities. L. Thomas, of the Metropolitan a professional singer and what will it cost orders song, and a soprano voice inevitably fails Opera only by God.” the co-vibration of all the resonance chambers I do not sing too much or too long at a a record collector, you I will “If you are me? be twenty when 1 graduate from Second, it’s a relatively insignificant to Co., was bom in Wales, where at the shall be present in every tone, as well as the convey the awe and sombreness requi- time—and never when I am tired. One undoubtedly have read the many high school. Do you think I will be too old sounds, and the lifetime early age of five he began singing in informative leaflets writ- formation of vowel and consonant delay when compared to site to a telling performance of this like often hears young singers say, ‘Oh, I can useful and to start? —J. T. Musical Masterpiece several other things. Hundreds of books and instrument. For a baritone voice does. public. Although he came to this country ten for Victor’s satisfactionof atrulyfine Mme. Lehmann sing as long as I like—my vocal cords are Veinus. Mr. A. In the beginning every voice user, be he thousands of explanatory articles have been in his twelfth year, by Abraham has sung The Young Nun more effec- he has never forgot- singer, actor, public speaker, or preacher be- written upon this topic and new ones are ap- more than half a century the DEAGAN strong!’ Wait a year or two, and see how Veinus, now a member of our Air tively in ten his native Welsh songs. One feels comes nervous before a large audience. The pearing every day. The words of your question symbol of supremacy concert. their voices develop. Overuse can cause Forces, has written a book, THE name has been a usual symptoms are dryness of throat, a frog seem to indicate that you know something that Mr. Thomas truly loves these songs, is a concise and Strauss, Johann: Der Fledermaus CONCERTO, which It’s the instrument amateurs serious harm to the vocal cords; nodules or huskiness, a shivering of the lips, or a about this subject. Study it diligently before in marimbas. and for that reason one rues the fact American Music for survey of concertos from Mein Herr Marquis; and Pardave: readable shakiness about the knees. In many cases insist upon. The may develop, or the cords may become almost last your examination. prefer and professionals that Victor failed to provide translations the sixteenth century to Nightingale (Waltz), from the Film some or all of these symptoms are so pro- all, form of music; tired and inelastic. Never work more It’s valuable for reference 2. Singing is, after a INC. month. little control J. C. DEAGAN, Caballeria of them; for only those who know the nounced that the voice user has therefore, the song composer uses the same del Imperio; Miliza Korjus American Orchestras stimulating as musical dhvus- Chicago III. than twenty minutes at a time. Then and either of his voice or his body. Literally he 1770 Bsrt.au Avenue, 13, (soprano) Welsh language can truly appreciate his symbols as the instrumental composer: fp, ff, with Orchestra conducted by rest. If a certain problem has not been “quakes with fear.” The cure is clear. He pp, and so on. Also the same words, staccato, Ernest Roemer. expressive efforts. The songs are gen- ( Continued from Page 381) voice until (Sung in . the technical use of the Spanish) Vic- corrected in one morning's work, try it must study legato, and the same tempo indications, slow, uinely fine ones, and it is our belief your bookseller's, or he understands it in all its aspects and until tor disc 11-8579. At your music dealer’s, fast, and their Italian translations. again the next day—and the next—and neglected today are those of which the that their appeal will not be limited to DORAN Garden City, N.Y. it becomes second nature to him. In other For several years Miss Korjus has been DOUBLEDAY, 3. The theory of music includes harmony, the next. After a month it will go better; principal themes lack “punch” and “strik- words, until it becomes automatic. This takes in Mexico, appearing in Welshmen. counterpoint, composition, form, and the kin- motion pictures. it will go all the better for not trying an enormous amount of practice and a great to ing power.” Beethoven, Brahms, Schu- technical subjects necessary to the proper Her success there has prevented deal more time than most singers are willing dred her re- force perfection between nine and of music. Our eleven Bach, : all at one understanding of the structure mann, Mendelssohn to give. They prefer the easy way and that is turn to the States, but it is rumored she concerning in the ! first question answers your query morning time or another sinned in this respect. so few succeed. Then you should appear will why be heard this coming year in con- Adver- 'll voice production. And I could quote chapter and verse, if Answering Etude in public at every opportunity that presents cert the in this country. Vocally, Miss Korjus itself. If both these things are done, uncon- 4. Ear training means just what it says, time permitted, to prove my point. always pays I* it be- displays her remarkable coloratura agil- World of Music Living the Role tisements trolled nervousness will gradually disappear. process of training the ear so that may differences Every young composer is naturally is always a certain excitement in an come more and more sensitive to ity in both these pieces, but the record- “For my own use, the most helpful delights the reader. There and JJ in the pitch, tone color, rhythm, nuances of dy- ( Continued from Page 373) eager to write a symphony as soon as I appearance before a large audience, but of ing on the shrill side exercises are scales, — —evidences little arpeggios, and held case of the great and experienced artist this namics, and more appreciative of beauty. he possibly can. But Brahms waited till of the ingratiating tones. I quality of her voice. standard composers, and manuscripts. practice the long sustained tone only helps his work to be more human, more 5. Some authorities include under “voice he was well over forty before he even sincere, and enables him to de- anatomy Also, the balance between the singer and Some of the works contain original in three ways. On a full breath, I begin musical, more production” an understanding of the contemplated one! If half the young pict more faithfully the ever-changing moods and physiology of the vocal and speech organs, the orchestra is not good, hence the pres- markings, revisions, and other notations the tone pianissimo and increase slowly, composers who clutter up the United of every song. while the practice of singing means simply ent writer—an admirer of the gradually, through VE YOUR PLAYING Korjus by Joseffy. a good crescendo. 2. Why must you wait until you graduate the ability to put the theories into practical States mail with the ponderous volumes Pianists-—Send for free booklet show- teaching suggestions voice—feels this recording does her small Next, I begin pianissimo, work from high school before you start studying use. Full of important through ing how you may greatly improve your of their early symphonies would remem- singing? Can you not find one hour a day to that will help your students enjoy learn- justice. THE ALICE M. DITSON FUND of Colum- the crescendo, and then decrease volume technic, accuracy, memorizing, sight- ber this fact about Brahms, their rela- reading and playing thru mental devote to it? If you do not, you will have ing music. Mr Barnett, composer, pianist, Puccini: La Recondita armo- through a decrescendo Practice effort — bia University has awarded nine fellow- until the tone dies muscular co-ordination. Quick results. wasted a year or two of precious time. teacher, demonstrates what he urges you to tions with the conductors of American minimized. Used by famous pianists, teachers and Loss of Voice After a Cold nia; Enrico Caruso (tenor) with Victor away—perdendosi. tell how long it would illustrate the ships of twelve hundred dollars each to In third place, then, students. obligation. 3. It is impossible to and do. Student compositions orchestras would far more cordial. No Q. I have had a cold most of the winter Symphony Orchestra, Verdi: I attack be Covina, California take you to become a professional singer. It and La young American composers and conduc- the note with full volume and Broadwet! Studios, Dept. 64-G lost my voice. Now the cold is over but my book. voice, your talent, Traviata For it is we who get the blame when would depend upon your SI. 50 at all book and music stores —Sempre libera; Lucrezia Bori tors serving in the Armed Forces. Com- let it die away, gradually, to the faintest voice has not come back completely. My throat returned your health, your education, your personality, (soprano) with Victor Orchestra. pianissimo. these immature pomposities are feels tight and it hurts me to sing. Could you N.Y.C. Victor missions amounting to sixty-five hundred The acquisition of a delicate and several other things. Nor could we guess GEORGE W. STEWART, PUBLISHER, post haste to their youthful senders. (The suggest a remedy to loosen my tight throat and disc 11-8569. pianissimo, a finely at the amount of money it would cost you. dollars also were awarded to Walter Pis- shaded decrescendo, help me to regain my voice? My range is only consolation is that the postage in- depend, of course, upon how much Of all the efforts to supply Caruso ton is very important, That would middle C, to B-flat above High C and Randall Thompson for writing both for the care and clever and from F above curred in the process is deductible from you paid for your lessons and how recordings with a modern orchestral re- the use of the voice. and I am a coloratura soprano. I have been symphonies; Roger Sessions for an or- In practicing, never attentive you were. Please do not forget that cording, this our income tax!) But seriously, how long to a doctor. JUST PUBLISHED! one seems to us the most chestral work for radio; Leo sing forte; use full volume takes time, hard work, and concentration Sowerby only where " c uuim, MICIIKUICU uir vis" • it will it take of friends sound,, sci- successful; indeed, it emerges as an all- the passages some my young not with singing lessons—but by of purpose, as well as voice and talent, to A. It is not at all unusual for a singer who tender, stirring song our for a work for chorus and orchestra; in the song (or the exercise) entifically correct silent and vocal exercises, A around better performance to realize that, if I am to set aside half and absolutely guarantee complete satisfaction become a fine singer. has had a severe and prolonged cold, with its boys will love to sing. than the and Bernard Wagenaar expressly call for it. with results. Write for Book. FREE. Sent to no and Norman Any forcing of the Voice voice, find it difficult to an hour of the perform- nder 17 year? old unless signed bv parent. consequent loss of to noted tenor’s original disc. Bori's Sempre is my program for «2«^.Ji ( Dedicated to the mothers of boys Lockwood for chamber operas. voice harmful, not I only vocally but PERFECT VOICE INSTITUTE, Studio 558-B. 64 E. Lake SI.. CHICAGO ’heory of Voice Production and Ear Training regain the beauty of tone and ease of vocal libera was made in ance of a new symphony, that new sym- in the Armed Forces) 1928; it is said she nervously as well, because forcing

“We talk a great deal about reach its destination until two in the something to eat. I sang that song when art for How sake. There is Music Helps the morning. On stepping to the platform, I I was a little boy.’ art’s music for music’s heard a simple its very inception, the Salvation sake. We in the Salvation Army melody of my own com- From believe ZWWSkMSiJ: music is man’s MflMhj Salvation Army position carried on sweetest silver notes. Army has sensed the love of harmony that for sake. The great virtuoso is as the 'This is the boys’ flute band, fifty of in even the most discordant hearts. much servant of man ( Continued from Page 377) them,’ said the Commissioner. ‘They are Throughout the world into the shadowed as the great physician. He was not en- BGM MU CHOU! QUESTIONS Professional Musicians Say . . . all the sons of redeemed criminals. Their places where men are lashed by the rods dowed with his genius merely in order impossible to play a successful program springs from their knowledge of the instruments are made by their own of their own folly, our bands have carried to exhibit acrobatic skill on an instru- “It would be correctly pitched if the piano were not accurately tuned, power of music to appeal to the hearts of hands, from the ‘reeds’ of their fields. the uplifting influences of Miriam’s tam- ment. He was called to be a leader in regulated.” the infinities and properly men. They are such good boys! I don’t know bourines, Gideon’s trumpets, David’s of meaning beyond the right to "More than any other art, music is how we could get without songs. music is a supreme range of words. In the Salvation Amateur pianists — and students — have a on them!’ I We know that Army ly HENRY S. FRY, MuS. DoC. ^Answered . . the highest type professionals demand . appreciated by the uneducated, for al- thought of their fathers, once criminals blessing, a communion between self and we sometimes tell rich people that their expect what the of technical service. They will be sure of it, at no extra most everyone has an acute sense of in chains but now redeemed, and re- what is beyond all self. money is not their own. We tell beauti- will be answered in THE ETUDE unless accompanied tuner-technician from the mem- the membered ful people that their No questions by the full cost, if they select their beauty of melody and harmony. Mu- the bruised reed which He “A musician who composes to excite fascination is not name and address of the inquirer. Only initials, or pseudonym given, will be pub- bership list of the A.S.P.T.T. sic was never meant for the educated shall not break! evil does a great disservice to society. their own. Our message to musicians is Naturally, in fairness to all friends and advertisers, we can express opinions lished. no tele- alone; its most direct appeal is “A week or so later, I stood in one of is training the that their music is not their can be located through your not to That why I think that own. it is as to the relative qualities of various organs. Individual members ideas channel, following State Chapters are fully but to human emotions. Music does our Army leper colonies, some of the ear of our youth to the inharmonious a opened by God, to attract ,phone directory. The not incite to argument or even to a de- patients lying before me on stretchers. clash of Jazz is a tragic mistake. There the souls of men to Himself.” accredited: sire for learning; it awakens a desire to My tears would keep coming, and in my have always been sounds (termed music) The Piano Tuners Association of Illinois, Inc. receive, to follow, to obey. The strains soul I prayed God’s pardon for the small- that degrade people. Some composers do Piano Tuner-Technicians Ass’n of New York City you send me all available informa- Q. I have recently acquired a reed organ of country’s ness of my faith while those smitten Master Lesson Q Will Society of Piano Tuner-Technicians, Inc., Cali- a national hymn do not with not hesitate to use music for the expres- on a reed organs? Also about bearing the names S. D. H. American tion on two-manual of and W. Smith, offer the terrible tell fornia Division how , an elaborate definition of patriotism scourge sang, sion, not of the ‘spirituals’ of a great Vocation reed organs? Can you me Boston American organ and No. 22160. Can cricket effect in theatre you tell me whether this is still Michigan State Tuners Association, Inc. —but they quicken the heartbeat of every ‘Jesus, Thou art everything to me, race, but of the barbaric surge of pri- Fascinating Bach Prelude the bird effect and the company in works?—D. O. existence, or give me an idea as to the age of American Society of Piano Tuner-Technicians, Wisconsin patriot to deeds of daring. All my lasting joy I find in Thee.’ meval passion the scream of cacophon- organs — (Continued from Page 396) the instrument?—L. J. C. Division “The harp, which I dearly love, is Then, in simplest language, I explained about ous discord. I need not specify such so- A We are sending you information Boston Association of Piano Tuners among the most ancient what it melody with no accompanying organs by mail. Vocalion or- A. no instrument achievements of means for Jesus to be everything, called music further than that. We of harmony, two-manual reed We have record of the or New Jersey Association of Piano Tuners longer made. They used blown firm you mention, any in- civilization. Excavations in the Mesopo- and their large, pensive eyes took on the the Salvation hold very little pedal is used. There could gans are no so cannot give you Army that the Su- be bird effect is force instead of suction. The formation about either, except to say that the tamian Valley brought to light the frame light of spiritual understanding. Dr. preme Being is two or three little touches of pedal a harmony within Him- here, produced by a small pipe inverted, the top firm is no longer in business. of a harp. but it is better whistle op- On the harp there is the Noble, our commanding officer, said, ‘We self, and it follows that faith in the for the average player part of which is equipped with a cricket effect is produced closest contact between the human hand do very little preaching here. We sing.’ Divine must evoke a corresponding spirit to play safe and use none. erating in oil. The Q. Can you give me the names of com- piece of metal, dented and operated by a panies selling new. and secondhand reed or- and the source of the tone, without inter- Melody is memory. Some time ago, in of harmony. Bach was always very economical by a when pneumatic. gans, especially large reed organs such as are vening mechanism. Thus, the harp is a war- torn it came an part of the world, the enemy “Salvation is a miracle, but it is not to placing marks of expression. used in churches, and in particular two-man- intimate expression of personality. annihilate you send me list of places where That, came to a village. The Salva- a conjuring trick or an illusion, it is a The manuscript of this Prelude had no Q. Will ual and pedal organs, and state approximately secured? Also advise where perhaps, is why in the beatific vision of tion Army officer ritard organ parts may be the cost of securing one, new and secondhand. crowded the Sabbath deliberate process and, we have found, placed at the end. The only edi- manuals may used pipe organs of two or more Can you tell me what the new electric organs heaven, are played. School hall with children, as a place of successful recovery tion I have found containing a of lost values in one is that be secured.—E. J. C. such as Hammond and Gulbranson cost? “It is not merely with refuge. the appreciation On hearing the ominous tread of men, women, and even children. Every- by Theodor Wiehmayer. However, I can- of music, however, that we of the Salva- the approaching troops, A. are sending you information about A. We are sending you by mail, informa- the officer said, thing that encourages the good in man not imagine anyone not feeling a slight We tion Army are concerned. organ parts and used pipe organs by mail. tion about organs available, and suggest that We aim at 'Sing—sing as loud as you can!’ The little is an ally of salvation. Music, at its best slowing up at this point. THIRD SACRED nothing you communicate with the parties, asking for less than musical creation. All ones began to sing, Jesus loves me, this and noblest, has always been an In marking help as makes of ally of the pedaling for this Q. Will you send suggestions and prices. This advice applies to the two SONG CONTEST, $150.00 over the world, Army brigades have made 1 know.’ As they reached the line, ‘They the Salvation Prelude, usable anthems for mixed voice choir, organs you mention also. We do not have price Army. At Our Lord’s Last I have tried to make it as sim- to most voices, and style and silent people sing. I can never forget an are weak but He is strong’ the of medium reading ability, pleasing lists, and the cost will depend on the details, write enemy Supper they sang a hymn. He Who was ple and uniform as possible; the reader For experience of accurate pitch? There is an eager willing- make of instrument selected. in India. It was a dark night; leader entered the hall. With tears blind- about to be crucified joined in that must not get the impression, however, ness to work. Kindly explain about no stars. THE HARMONY MUSIC moon, no The heavens were one ing his eyes, and his hands full of money, hymn. and songs be used planning to rebuild, and From that day on, the Church that this is the only way it can be work. Must special anthems Q. Our church is black stretch. on My train, late, did not he said, ‘Here; take this and buy them has been a singing comradeship. pedaled. for that? Is there an instruction book a we are wondering what to do about the organ, PUBLISHERS cappella choir >" Will you please suggest some ivhich is an old one with tracker action and in beautiful and unusual Christmas numbers? poor condition due to neglect. Probably it is an Box 743, Chicago 90, Illinois —C. B. S. old English organ. Enclosed is a list of the CONSERVATORY stops. Will you advise whether to have the A. We suggest your examination and con- organ rebuilt, using nothing but the pipes from OF MUSIC sideration of the following: "The Art of A the present organ? A certain company, with- Cappella Singing" by John Smallman and E. out seeing the organ, has appraised the pipes / Established 1867 \ SIGHT READING MADE EASY H. Wilcox; "Tiie Concord Anthem Book" by at between $700 and $800, and say that the Archibald T. Davison and Henry Wilder cost of rebuilding will be an additional $2,000, America’s Oldest Independent PIANISTS (Selected by Ross. \ Foote; "Master Choruses” approximately. Is this a fair price? / School Devoted Exclusively to “Art of Junior Play by Sight. Improve your playing. Study the Smallman and Matthews) ; "The A that a unit organ is one in I understand Music and Allied Arts Sight Reading". Satisfaction guaranteed or re- /»/» Christiansen and Cappella Choi us Book" by which additional stops are borrowed or built Complete course of Five lessons. £>Uw Book” by fund made. Pitts; "The A Cappella Chorus on the stops or sets of pipes already available. Music, \ are A complete school of 1358 Greenieaf Chicago Christiansen and Cain. Of course, there Do you advise unifying this organ? Also, about DANF0RD HALL exceptions, accompaniment does but when an how much would it cost to add a Vox Humana, Dramatic Art and Dancing. \ not duplicate the voice parts, the accompani- and would it be useful? Would some other ment generally should used. There is much Courses lead to degrees. be stop be more practical? Would you advise \ YOUR unaccompanied that can be / INCREASE music available having this organ rebuilt rather than purchas- used according to needs and ability. “The ! ing one of the several types of electric organs Registration: INCOME Concord Anthem Book” and "Master Cho- address \ Easily—Substantially—Pleasantly now available? Can you furnish the of / 9 ruses," which suggested, contain both September 8, — we have some firm that deals in secondhand two- — Take Subscriptions for accompanied and capella (unaccompanied) September 11 a manual and pedal, reed organs?—A. B. Classes Begin: MUSIC MAGAZINE numbers; also the direction “accompanied (if / \ THE ETUDE N EVERY COMMUNITY there are ambitious We offer them without obligation to you. necessary)." that — Write for particulars — This great musical organization Some Christmas numbers A. We. of course, are not familiar with the Special Students May Enter at men and women who know the advantages of now in its 39th suc- PA. you might examine (accompanied and unac- in your church, nor the \ 1712 CHESTNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA, new are the cessful year has developed and trained many musicians uality of the organ / Any Time. / inspiration and ideas for their musical ad- We only school giving instruction in music by companied) include; The Citizens of Char- cannot and many successful mge of the manuals and pedals, and vancement. It is to the Home Study Method teachers. To you we offer the same tres, Silent those our Extension Courses are which includes in its teaching XVI Century French, Dickinson; the rebuilding job unless advised Write for catalog advantages which have been ^commend / \ of the greatest benefit. all the courses necessary to obtain the Degree of given to them. Don't wait Night, Gruber-Fry; The Echo Carol, Arrange- and practical organ me- BONDS AND Bachelor any y a very reliable BUY WAR longer ! The coupon will bring ment by Whitehead; the Virgin Moth- of Music. you our catalog, illus- Song of nanic who should personally examine the 2650 Highland Ave. The most successful musician, of course, is the very er, / lessons and information about the lessons which Nagle; Manger Hymn, Fry; When I View chances are that the range of both STAMPS FOR VICTORY busy one. Yet , rgan. The he is the one who finds extra time for will be of untold value. the Mother. Voris; God Rest Ye, Floyd; Holy extended. This Openings in the music field are lanuals and pedals should be something worth while. And to such T>ay, Holy Carol, Lefebvre; Let Carols Ring— a one Extension ould necessitate the matching of the addi- Courses are the Swedish Folk Melody, Black; Sing Noel, Snow. should greatest boon. It isn’t always possi- oh***,-** *. c« <,„ today: onal pipes with the old ones, which erteaffi- P Choruses from Child is Bom" ble to give up an interesting class or position and s ‘‘For us a done very carefully. who are ready for them. UNIVERSITY EXTENSION () Bach. Chorus "Alleluia" published e extended go away for instruction. CONSERVATORY, Dept. A-440 The unit organ is one in which an 1525 E. separately. 53rd Street, Chicago, Illinois. used to produce similar tone ;t of pipes is Solos The Home Study is Sacred Method equally advantageous to Duplexing is New Do you hold the 0 or more pitches. Key 16 ' two eSS° nS a "d fu " -formation regarding uality at the beginner or the amateur. Because the work hav^ marirKedKed^wffwithh a^x'an course I Q We have an organ, made in 1903, tracker than one manual, can be X below.^^ ie using of a stop in more action and with stops done at home in spare time, with no interference to the best teaching Piano, Teacher’s pneumatic pedal action, and pedal at the same pitch. If you THY HOLY HILL Jebe Normal Course Harmony r manual Violin included on enclosed list. only pedal stop, umfy- with one’s regular work, I ! Piano, Student’s Course The organ, you might consider many minutes each day may Pi "Cornet—Trumpet the jplace the THE WORLD Spencer Publjc School Mus. Beginner's n Cuitar Bourdon, has been voiced down until it is such as the Swell Stopped LOVE NOT be used which ordinarily go to waste. position—a Diploma? P — HI Advanced Cornet ~ lg some soft stops, Public ! Mandolin nearly like School Mus. Advanced a Lieblich stop. This makes it very Stopped Dia- . MacBride j j — Voice that you have a RICHES H l~l Saxophone . We note TRUE U Advanced Composition blurry and indistinct. were to add a H Choral Conducting If we Stop, which indicates that at least It is up to far Training Cr Sight Singing fl Reed Organ stop ason bass Luck Look Back Over the Last Year YOU. On your . f~l Clarinet to the organ, would you advise another through- ALL THAT YE NEED History of Music Banjo your stops are not effective own decision 1 Dance Band O Pedal stop or )me of will rest your H Arranging a manual stop? It is my belief this stop is in action. Our Stout What progress have that ut the range unless BOW DOWN THINE EAR you made? Perhaps you have future success. if a Lieblich stop were added, and the Fit yourself for that if you have any exception- wanted to send for our catalog and sample Name Bourdon aggestion is BEAUTIFUL Staehle lessons be- a bigger position Adult or Juvenile brought up to proper value, it would present instrument that THE GATE —demand be lly good stops in the fore just to look into them. That is the best addition to What is your — your privilege. larger fees. You can do the pedal. organ man recommends retaining, CEASE Yeakle it! Street No.. opinion? Also, practical HE MAKETH WARS TO what manual stop would you in a new instrument, suggest lat they be included The Increased Requirement for DEGREES has adding?—H. C. C. matched. The Vox Resulted in City. rovided they are properly {Winning Songs From First Contest Larger purposes, Demands for the . .State. stop for some ADVANCED COURSES offered by 0Ur -umana is a useful idea an ex^ra pedal stop of the more valuable for Are you lieblicht ^Ki-^ ut there are other stops teaching now? If so. variety is a good one. The one-stop 60 £ each how many pupils have you? Do you Prices vary according to builder pedal organ is usually “full or- ie ensemble. Ok e too weak for of The Etude will not per- UNIVERSITY EXTENSION CONSERVATORY hold n r elected. The policy a Teacher's Certificate? *°° l°u<* stops in ’ with soft manual preference Have you studied Harmony? i r\° your query as to (Address Dept. se. Our suggestion lit our answering A-440) 1525 E. 53rd ST., CHICAGO, ILL. for a manual stop would organ, or your using ^ould Corn rebuilding the present THE HARMONY MUSIC PUBLISHERS you Kke to earn the Degree of °P?an the Swell organ. For any ir Bachelor of Music?. ofi +L organ. (We presume you refer to these additions we suggest your consulting n electric instruments). We are sending you Box 743 Chicago 90, Illinois practical organ man as to their advisability, lectronic rom a mechanical point of view, of the chest room, THE ETUDE wind capacity, and s© forth. MARCH WITH MUSIC" 421 JULY, 1944 "FORWARD : . — 1 . . 2312I1

taining her own family and friends else- A Well-Developed where. I felt a little self-conscious until I remembered that no one expects for- Violin Ouestiojvs Vibrato eigners to know the fine points of eti- quette, and I saw no way to retreat AMERICAN (Continued from Page 393) gracefully. After all the guests were seated, the general and his party came in. I was smooth and even vibrato which, how- -Answered tty HARDLD BERKLEY taken to his table and introduced by the ever, is too slow to be musically accept- secretary; he thanked me for my CONSERVATORY is to music able. The best remedy for this No questions name in a soft voice, speaking Mandarin which will be answered in THE ETUDE unless accompanied by the lull practice scales in slow quarter notes, and address of the inquirer. Only initials, or pseudonym given, will be published. I barely understood, and “commanded” with a heavily accented martele, giving me to attend the whole three days’ en- ^MUSIC each note as rapid a vibrato as possible. tertainment. The concentration of nervous energy CHICAGO 59th SEASON (This very colorful and A Musical Family the sixteenth century. Gasparo da Said (1542- * picturesque ^Mut&cniled luf Waite*. Rolfe (ty Kathleen -fitmout necessary to make the accents reacts 1609) was one of the first makers. The violin article will be continued in The Etude Mrs. C. O. B., Oklahoma.—1. It is a pleasure left hand, causing it to came to perfection with Stradivarius and have fold us how grateful they were sharply on the Increasing numbers, Rolfe transcrip- to hear of so musical a family as yours, and I Teachers Founded in 1886 by John Hattstaedt, today The American Conserva- for August.) In ever beginning so that pupils J. standard for the better Joseph Guamerius del Gesu at the for the Armour pieces. Written vibrate with considerably greater speed. tions are becoming wish the best of luck to your son and your based on sound tory of is eighteenth century, and since that time will enjoy playing them, and Music outstanding among institutions for music education in teachers- proof indeed, of Century's belief that daughter in their studies. Probably the cello of the In this connection it may be recom- change in the teaching practice, it is no wonder that her Walter Rolfe is the ideal simplifier of music. there has been no important this country. Its graduates are to be found occupying positions of honor method best suited to your needs is “The New works gain in popularity every year. Here is a mended that the pupil use a fairly rapid Without discernible loss of fluency, feeling, and design of the instrument. A few freak pat- School of Cello,” by Percy Such. In it you will partial listing of Kathleen Armour's numbers and responsibility in values, this superb musician brings the extrava- every department of music. earlier exercises. musical terns have been invented for which Century Edition at 15c a copy. bow stroke in all the who are not yet skilled find all necessary information about fingering. available in Let Phrasing Salve Your greatest music to those gant claims were made, but they proved in- A slow, wobbly bow has a detrimental to play the original versions. I do not have the space at my disposal to go 3467 Auld Lang Syne G— enough ferior to the older models and have disappeared. ....C— 1 into the subject here. With average talent and 3148 Babette Member of the National Association while a faster, King Louis XIII Races (Foster ....C—1 of Schools of Music effect on the vibrato, 3213 A m ary 1 1 i s. C—2 3462 Camptown careful study, you should able to play the . . . Difficulties 3382 Andante Cantabile Tsehaikowsky be 3468 Carry Me Back to Old Virginny .G— firmer stroke encourages it. A bow stroke A Strad Model by Aubert ....C— 1 3383 Andantino, F—2 Lamave first unaccompanied “Suite” by Bach in about 3155 Darting In and Out.. fThe Faculty One hundred and thirty r — Professional and Teaching Engagements Heller Eyes . . Dm— 3356 Avalanche, Op. 4. >. C—2 Miss M. I. P., Vermont.—As stated on the 3175 Dark artist teachers, many of national in- of three seconds’ duration is quite slow ( three years. The other Suites are more difficult. ....C—2 and —Graduates of the Conservatory have Continued from Page 385) 3538 Blue Butterflies, (5— 2 .Dorn 3469 Dixie (Emmett) ternational label, your violin was made by the firm of .... F reputation, ( . Ladies including pian- been much in demand as teachers and enough. 3357 Butterfly, The, Op. 81, No. 4. —2 Merkel 2. There are several books of easy piano trios 3463 Goodnight ... — ists Iiecthoven This is a com- Rose Time B-flat— : Heniot Levy, Rudolph Reuter, Al- also in concert, opera, radio, orchestra, 3179 Chicadee (Symphony No. S). F—2. that I think you would like. "Miniatures,” by Aubert, in Mirecourt, France. 3154 In len Spencer, The use of the vibrato in artistic mu- Christmas Eve. Op. 43, G—2 Heins 3470 Jingle Bells ....G—2 Edward Collins. Kurt lyceum and choir work. The News Bul- 3358 Frank Bridge are quite easy and very interest- mercial firm which makes violins of various ....F— meaning of that poem. In the 3216 Elerjie. Km—2 Massenet 3145 Little Dutch Dance.. Wanieck, Louise Robyn*, Earl Blair, letin containing a list of about 300 suc- Haydn be worth be- ....G— sical expression is quite a separate sub- 3388 Finlandia, (1 —3 Sibelius ing: “Three Little Trios,” by Alec Rowley, are grades, so the instrument may 3146 Luise Mabel Osmer and others; Voice: Theo- cessful graduates holding find ....C— responsible “Sonata” we can where the chief em- 3386 Fuer Elise, Am—2 Beethoven fifty and one hundred and fifty dollars. 3147 Marietta dore Harrison, Charles LaBerge, John ject, and a discussion of it must be also good; then there are three or four trio al- tween ....C—1 positions in Universities, Colleges, Con- 3545 La Fontaine Rohm meaning- 3156 Moonlight Waltz Wilcox, Elaine phasis lies. As we go on through the progressively The Stradivarius part of the label is Lies Over the Ocean ....C—2 De Sellem ; Violin : John servatories, and Public Schools will 3363 La Zinqana (Mazurka), Am Bolim bums by Emil Sochting which are 3471 By Bonnie be reserved for a later date. One point, how- 1 Weicher, Herbert Secret (Inter. 1*1/..), 2 Gautier less, except that it may indicate that the violin 3150 Nannette ....F— Butler, Scott Willits, sent upon request. after-phrase, we find the interest grow- 3364 Le F— arranged and contain very good music. These ....O—l (’—3 Sihulx-rt 3464 Oh Susanna ( Foster) . . Stella : violinist 3176 March Milltalre. outline. Roberts ; Organists Frank Van ever, may be mentioned here: a follows the Strad model in general last may be difficult to obtain, however, as they Folks at Home (Foster). ....C— Dusen, Edward Eigenschenk Theory Tuition is reasonable in keeping with the ing stronger after the second measure 3220 Merry Widow Waltz. F—2 Lehar 3465 Old ; cannot attain to more than a moderate Military Polonaise. C- 2 Chopin published in Germany. 3466 Polly Wolly Doodle ....F— Leo Sowerby, John Palmer, Irwin Fisch- times and may be paid in convenient in- 3221 are ....C— until it reaches its climax with the E-flat, 3547 Pas Des Fleurs, (Naila), tl—2 Delibes 3151 Roaming Up and Down er. stallments. Complete particulars given in 3. I do not know of any piece for clarinet, Correct Use of Rosin 1 School Music—C. Dissinger, Ann degree of artistry with only one vibrato. 3548 Poem. O 2 Fibich 3153 Shepherd’s Lullaby, The Trimingham, Henry Sopkin. catalog which will be mailed on request. and then proceeds to a very definite con- violin, and cello, but you may possibly be able —There was a dis- 3144 Singing in the Glen...... C— 3366 Polish Dance, Op. 3. Inn—3. . . .Sehwarenka Mrs. M. R. H., Colorado Although it must be a subconscious part 3157 Soldiers All 1 3180 Prayer. A, i Symphony No. 2), (i —2.Beethovcn to obtain something if you write to the publish- violins in this Accredited Courses Students’ Self Help—The management clusion in the last measure. cussion of Heinrich Heberlein Star Spangled Banner...... G— are offered in Piano, it 3222 Prelude (Firm). Am—2 Rachmaninoff 3472 makes every endeavor to assist needy of his tone production, must at the ers of The Etode telling them exactly what you April issue of The Etude, and Two Guitars ....F— Vocal, Violin, Organ, Orchestra and Band The distinction between 3395 Priests' March, F—3 Mendelssohn column in the 3192 students to find part-time the musician combination. I 3152 Wandering Minstrel, The ....C— Instilments, Public School Music, Chil- employment. same time be under control; so that the 3223 Rondo Capriccioso, C—3 Mendelssohn want. It is a very unusual you probably saw it. In ease you missed it, find dren’s Piano Work, Class Piano, Many work as teachers, accom- and the woodpecker, then, should be 33®8 Rose Fay. (Mazurka), C—2 Heins 4. of the best albums for cello and piano between Piano Method for Beginners Musical player can it wider or One can say that your instrument is worth A Modern Theory, panists or part-time positions working make narrower, 3369 Rustic Dance. C— 2 Howell Dramatic Art and Dancing. quite clear. is the “Old Masters for Young Players,” by hundred doliars, accord- 3196 ar for commercial houses, etc. The woodpecker may be able 3224 Second Mazurka. G—3 Godard seventy-five and two faster or slower, at will; vibrato, in Letters tlie Keyboard a 3552 Sonata Pathetique. (Exc. ), Dm—3. Beethoven Moffat, arranged for cello by Percy Such. Every general condition. * Learning tlio on Degrees—Bachelor of Music, Bachelor to lengthen or shorten his group of ing to workmanship and Dormitories—Desirable living and board- 3398 Tales from Vienna Woods, G—2 Strauss good music. 3197 Part II— of Music Education, Master of Music short, that can give true and fitting ex- piece in the album is very 2. I cannot recommend »ny particular make Bars, Measures, Time Signatures ing accommodations can be secured at strokes, but he can never make legato 3225 To Spring, F—3 Grie« Notes, and Master of Music Education are con- 3400 Valse, Op. 04. No. 2. 3 Chopin in this column, but 1 can assure you 3198 Part Ill- the Conservatory Dormitories at moder- pression to each and every style of music, Am— of rosin ferred by authority of the State of Illi- 3193 Waltz in A-flat. Op. 3fl. No. 15. —2. Brahms Writing Exercises, Fix-e Finger Exercises ate rates. Particulars on request. groups to contrast with his .staccatos; A Ficker Violin that the brand you are using is a very good nois and recognized as a guarantee of and to the temperament and imagina- 3327 Waltz of the Flowers, F—2. .. .Tsehaikowsky 3199 Part IV—The 2/4 Time Signature of tone that you have “high lights” also e Witches Dance, 3 MacDowell one. The roughness Note accomplishment. Students enrolled at any time. tion of the seem to be xcluded 3372 Am— Mrs. F. X. C., New Jersey.—There were sev- 3200 Part V—Introducing the 8th artist. noticed may be caused by using too much \ of the Ficker from his repertory. call of The above : but a partial listing: of Century’s enteen or eighteen members your dealer for Century music. If he The (he yel- necessary when a good Ask transcript n ns by Walter Rolfe. We shall be happy family who worked in Markneukirchen. Ger- rosin—very ' little is cannot supply you, send your order direct low is to send > • mi our complete catalogue listing over For free catalog address John R. Hattstaedt hammer a dramatic, two-note brand is used—or it may be caused by too much complete catalogue, listing over , President century and the to us. Our 3600 numi >«•!'. at. 15c a copy. It's free on request. many, during the eighteenth diminuendo motive, legato il- pressure. Or perhaps your bow needs re- 3600 numbers, is FREE on request. r enough to Ask your dealer for Century music. If he cannot first part of the nineteenth. The Ficker who bow supply you, send your order direct to us. Johann Chris- hairing. lustrate the difference between e ven lim- made your violin was probably AFkiriinv MIICI/* Dll D I ICUIId/* 579 Kimball Hall, Chicago, 111 a 1822. The General Wanted ited musicianship tian who was born in 1758 and died in and the thoughtless CENTURY MUSIC PUBLISHING CO. It a Strad? In model, his violins are somewhere between Is drumming which is the bane of every 254 West 40th Street New York. N. Y. the Klotz and the Hopf patterns, and they Mrs. P. H. T.. New Jersey.—The likelihood of Wedding March artist. generally have a fair quality of golden-brown your friend's violin being a Stradivarius is al- Endless opportunities for studying the varnish. They do not seem to have been imi- most nil, particularly as the label is obviously (Continued from Page 395) tated. so the chances are that your violin is false. Stradivarius died in 1737, so he could effects of phrasing and learning its laws However, there are LEARN "SWING" MUSIC genuine. If so. and if it is in good condition, not have dated a label 1776. ©epenbabtUtp are offered by the radio. The elan of hundred and fifty violins with fake Strad labels Quick course • players of all instruments—make your it could be worth up to one many very good GUY MAIER opposite door in own arrangi-.m-nts of ••hot” breaks, choruses, obbligatos, yours may be one of them. As periling a Clientele Western bridal gown of Toscanini’s readings gives a most vivid embellishments, figurations, blue notes, whole tones, etc. dollars. in them, and ^ittcc 1874 give you delicate pink, carrying a bouquet gin- MODERN DANCE ARRANGING you live so near New York, it would • Minneapolis . . July 3-7: of example of intensity in phrasing. From of ©iScrimmatuig String Diapers MacPhail School of Music, LaSalle at 12th St. Duets, trios, quartettes and ensembles special choruses it appraised. A firm, such — alue of Slow Practice little trouble to have ger blossoms. the first measure —modulating to other keys—suspensions—anticipation* to the last, each phrase Shropshire and Frey or the Wurlitzer Co., REPAIRS, etc. Chicago . . . July 10-19: (Classes, July 10-14) organ points effects swingy backgrounds as SPECIALISTS IN VIOLINS, BOWS, • “Music!” — —color — J. R. A., New Jersey.—Many violinists have yelled the Master of Cere- has an irresistible impulse of rhythm and Write toda; would no doubt do this for the usual fee. LITERATURE on REQUEST Sherwood Music School, 410 S. Michigan their fingers when CATALOGS and Ave. ELMER B. FUCHS Lfficulty in loosening up monies. This time it was Marching an irresistible force of climax. If one generally July 20-28: (Classes, 335 East 19th St. Brooklyn 26, N. Y. ley start to practice, and this is • Buffalo . . . . July 24-28) Tools for Violin Making Through Georgia. previously goes over even trying to play too rapidly In the Manager, Elsie Stein, the score or msed by aputSon 703 West Ferry St. that makes Texas. The making of violins is a After that the elder general said a few rst few minutes. It is slow practice J. R. K., — some part of it, marking it according to III. playing. I sug- and I am sure you will 207 South Wabash Avenue—Chicago 4, • New York City . July 31-Aug. 11: (Classes, July 31-Aug. 4) words le fingers flexible, not rapid fascinating hobby, of congratulation to the bridal one’s it, own opinion, and then follows day’s practice with find great pleasure in it. I can understand your of Music, 120 Claremont Ave. WM. S. HAYNES COMPANY sst that you begin each PUBLISHERS OF AMERICA'S ONLY JOURNAL couple and they withdrew by the front one the necessary tools, but marking the difference in the reading, ow scales and arpeggios, taking about difficulty in obtaining DEVOTED TO THE ViOLIN AND ITS LOVERS entrance. The that while if you write to The Metropolitan “Western-style wedding” one begins to understand the reasons for Flutes of Distinction *cond to each note and making sure I think that was over. the string the other three are Music Co., 222 Fourth Avenue, New York City, "VIOLINS AND VIOLINISTS" the impression which this great master ae finger grips STERLING SILVER—GOLD—PLATINUM with Study Number will be able to help you. I have not been Edited by Ernest N. Doring The general’s secretary uite relaxed. Follow this they insisted that I wishes to 12 Issues for $2.50 makes on the listener. The understand- major, of Kreutzer, and practice it in able to find any private person who Specimen Copy 25c— attend dinner for Catalog on request in F a the guests; I doubted ing grows with in the January. 1944 issue dispose of his tools. Perhaps this paragraph CHICAGO MUSICAL COLLEGE by comparing this reading le way I suggested if someone who will com- I should, since, after all, I had not 108 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass. Etude; that is, lift each finger quickly will meet the eye of Founded 1847 by Dr. F. Ziegfeld those of other conductors. The same way E The RUDOLPH GANZ, President grips the string. The trill municate with me. played the wedding march. I finally 5 soon as the next CONFERS DEGREES OF B.MUS., B.MUS.ED., M.MUS., M.MUS.ED. of studying compositions for piano or practiced in major, Number 19, can be LOR. AND TOM. CARCASSI Member of North Central Association and National yielded, more out of curiosity than udv D Association of Schools of Music any- violin—the method of comparison—is as can any other finger- Book on Violin Making Florence—1776 i same manner, ALL BRANCHES OF MUSIC. SPECIAL INSTRUCTION FOR thing else; not everyone Our Monthly Break Bulletins the CHILDREN AND NON-PROFESSIONALS can attend the arrange- such as Number 4 and Number cheapest grade of recommended as a sure way of broaden- bring you original xercise” study, M. O., Ohio.—Only the Italian violins. Fine condition, festivities extra 19 One of our choicest Address Registrar, 60 E. Van Buren St., of a Chinese war-lord. PIANISTS!. _ - ments for building up Number 13 and Number in Chicago 5, Illinois ) of Kayser and factory violins are made with the bass-bar tone of power and resonance. Our price: $1,600.00 ing one’s musicianship. choruses of popular hit-tunes with novel breaks, tricky The general method of practicing develops top. It is possible that a and a fine investment at that. We think you will find had “borrowed” space in bass figures, boogie woogie effects, riding the melody, E Mazas. This one piece with the than any it one of the best violins you have seen. 1 < a fingers more rapidly improved by hav- dime for copy. . in the be the rumi?»£ . sample . exibility violin of this sort would park to erect an immense mat-shed— CHRISTENSENL STUDIOS, 7SI Kimlull Hill, Chrago 4, litas though it does violate the “keep- and a real one cor- KENNETH WARREN MILLIKIN a ther, even ing the bass-bar removed CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC structure built in a day from tradi- 28 East Jackson Chicago, #4, III. BALDWIN-WALLACE palm le-fingers-down-as-much-as-possible” rectly fitted, but would it be worth while to leaves play this way DECATUR, ILLINOIS tied onto a bamboo frame. The on. You would not, of course, have this rather expensive operation per- CONSERVATORY Technic of the Month of The OF MUSIC Offers thoro training inside walls performance. In this issue instrument of this quality? I in music. Courses leading to were covered with silken i actual formed on an BEREA, OHIO (suburb of Cleveland) Bachelor of Music Degree. Diploma and Answering Etude Adver- 71 the next, you will find further re- you to put the money towards a Certifi- banners of wedding red inscribed (Continued tude, or would advise first cate in piano. Voice, Violin, with from Page 417) of finger strength Affiliated with a class Liberal Arts College. Organ, Public School larks on the development better violin. Four and five year courses leading to degrees. Faculty Music Methods and the "double tisements always pays r Music Kindergarten Methods happiness” character in gold. interest you. creates a certain amount of VIOLIN PLAYERS of Artist Teachers. Send for catalogue or informa- lat may 2. The bass-bar Basic Principals of Violin Playing Bulletin The floor tion to: sent free upon request was filled with long tables— and JLJ tension in the top of a violin, and balances by Carl Jaspan. 18 Short Lectures. Secrets rain returns in Measure 15. I delights the reader. of Violin Playing Revealed. Price S3. 50 ALBERT RIEMENSCHNEIDER, Dean, Berea, Ohio W. ST. places of the sound-post on the other CLARE, MINTURN, Director for four hundred guests. I ,n Unknown Maker the pressure 1620— 14th St.. N., St. Petersburg, Fla. was Contrast the dynamics and rubato of bass-bar given a seat Pennsylvania.— can find no side. The tone of a violin without a of honor at a table next to Miss C A. H., and Measures 15-17 with those of Measures by the name of would sound most unpleasantly flabby the groom’s party, placed between cord of a violin maker the 18-20: the latter bars are the darker am wondering if you tubby. Send 10 Today for Your Copy of . • • aufflo Acarretto, and secretary and his friend 4 The best book I know on violin making and across from and more intense. sonorous made out the spelling of the 3 ... If a rich, ave correctly Is,” by E. an Oxford graduate, who readers of this column is “Violin Making as It Was and (I suspect) was ibel. Perhaps other RARE OLD VIOLINS low B (soft pedal!) is played in Meas- SONGS OF FREEDOM told that it is tem- included if they have, I Heron-Alien, but I am ff)l?r QbbflaniiJnHlttutE of in the guest list for some ave come across the name; fl)uHir ob- ure 22, the damper pedal be held Includes The Stars and Stripes Forever, case, you porarily out of print probably until after the With Old Master TONE scure may like to hear from them. In any — reason and dared not refuse Come On, America, The Star-Spangled hould in obtaining violin the all through violin by taking it war. If you are interested for bargain list. Measures 22, 23, and 24, Banner patri- out more about your $195 up. Write new Confers Bachelor of Music Degree, Master of Music Degree, invitation. , and a dozen other stirring an find you to write to The Rudolph Artist Diploma otic violin repairers in Pitts- wood, I advise changed only at the low in Measure songs for home, school, and community 5 of the leading WARD LEWIS, Dean The B one Wurlitzer Co., 120 West 42nd Street, New of the Faculty room ... you an was filled with men; I was singing. Handy 6" x 9" size. foe. he. will eive FRANCIS DRAKE BALLARD 25. . Beryl Rubinstein, Director (on leave of absence) . . The final drip-drops in Meas- York City, or to The Metropolitan Music Co., 341 1 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, O. the only woman $1.00 a E. St. York 1 N. Y. present. The bride Dozen — $8.00 a Hundred Room 408, 320 42nd , New 7. did ures 25 and 26 must be scarcely audible 222 Fourth Ave.. New York City. Or you may not then appear; for she would THEODORE Pa. local be enter- in the all-enveloping gloom. PRESSER CO., Philo. 1, be able to get some from a maker. 422 "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC" "FORWARD MARCH WITH MUSIC" 423 THE ETUDE JULY, 1944 " —

Music and “Plant Morale” “AmemcA's PQost UnusuAl College Page 375) hhlii ( Continued from

several reasons, among them being the “Lunchtime is generally the period dur- time given to station breaks and adver- ing which the employees can hear their tising and the general unsuitability of favorite requests. the music because it is not intended for “In each work period one program industrial should COLLEGE use. Several Frequency Modu- be scheduled to precede slightly lation stations have inaugurated pro- and cover the fatigue period, as deter- js^rtoivd that the grams for industries, and these stations mined by production studies or other may prove to be good sources. The FM means. An effective way of programming CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC stations cover only limited area music during this a and particular session is at present do not carry much advertis- with a constantly progressing ‘mood.’ Majority U not ing, so that programs can be planned This ‘mood’ has to do with the stimu- A professional music school for industrial in an attractive use. This has been done lating effect of the selection and may or by determining college town. (Member of the National playing periods at a may not be dependent on its tempo. The meeting with the leading industries in thought is to give the Association of Schools of physiological sys- Music.) the area. tem a gentle push which increases in in- Ahaayd “The final music source to be tensity to Thorough instruction for carefully selected consid- a final send-off in the form ered is a live orchestra. This might be of a fast fox trot or polka. students in all The progres- branches of music under artist teachers. possible if the music were distributed sive stimulus has been found to have a Special training in hand through and choir direction. a sound system, but the reper- carry-over effect of an hour or more. toire and variety of music necessary for Allow an interval of ten to twenty sec- Write for catalogue describing Oherlin’s conservatory industrial use is so great that the plan onds between selections. courses and its superior equipment is not advisable. (200 practice “The primary purpose of music in in- “A maximum of two rooms, 23 modern organs, etc.). Degrees: Bachelor of and a half hours dustry is to relieve fatigue and boredom. of music per day is found to be suffi- Many other effects have been Music, Bachelor of School Music; Master of noted cient. The duration and spacing of the which are of Music, considerable importance, Master of Music Education. playing periods is dependent on the but they must always be considered as fatigue characteristics of the employees secondary in nature and under no cir- Frank and thus is a variable factor rot H. Shaw, Director, Box 574, Oberlin, Ohio. only cumstances can they be guaranteed, al- from one plant to another but between though the high percentage of plants separate departments of the same plant. enjoying them makes them almost a cer- A good starting point is to use two play- tainty. Production increases as high as ing periods of twenty minutes each in ten per cent are common, and even the morning and afternoon work periods, greater increases have been in order. thirty to fifty minutes at lunchtime, and Operations most susceptible are light, a ten-minute period during shift changes. repetitive, monotonous tasks. This schedule is tentative and should be “Music has been found to facilitate A Teaching Aid revised in accordance with the and A Reading Delight! plant’s attention, and this helps to account for needs, as experience proves necessary. accident reduction and improved quality Employee preferences and requests should in production. It is also the reason why be given consideration and should be music can be used in offices and depart- STANDARD HISTORY encouraged. ments where mental processes are the “Music for the change of OF shift period rule. Music relieves nervous tension and MUSIC almost invariably consists of marches therefore it has in several instances re- and moderately fast Latest Revised and Enlarged Edition dance music. In duced strife and some bickering among the instances the use of military By JAMES FRANCIS employees. Other effects noted are the COOKE marches has been found inadvisable, is the way, that leadeth to destruction, as earlier arrival and later departure of Christ said, "Wide is the gate, and broad it reminds women Jesus workers too strongly employees, improved of attendance, particu- husbands or sweethearts in the there be which go in thereat. The author, who is esteemed here and abroad armed larly in the ease of short duration and many as an au- forces. College ab- thority and a gifted writer on music subjects, has drawn marches and fast polkas sences, on his and generally marked improve- rich reservoirs of experience gathered from teach- make good substitutes. in £: research, travel, and personal acquaintance with ment in morale!” world-noted music folk to make possible the interest there content judicious scope is which leadeth unto life, and few Chapter Headings of a and practical arrangement of is gate, and narrow the way, this BUT "Strait the book. In a few of the many subjects style rivalling a graphic, well-told tale, this book successfully covered in this volume fulfills its mission to impart a use- ful knowledge of find it." How Music Began music history from the earliest known be that tacts, instruments, What Polyphonic Music Was and and composers to the epoch-making living composers, and the How It Came to Be present eminence of the art in education, in our social What Early England Gave to Music life, in the band and orchestra neid in opera and in radio The Wonderful Bach Family and and motion pictures. It is an ideal text book for class PEOPLE WHO ARE use because TRAINING YOUNG Some Musicians Who Lived at the logical and IS INTERESTED IN practical BOB COLLEGE the Same Time arrangement simplifies the work of the JONES and makes teacher How the Organ, the Violin, and the sublet clear, interesting, and entertaining to MINORITY. class members. Each chapter is THAT the Piano Influenced the Art of just long enough lor GLAD TO BE IN a. story lesson Music assignment and is followed by a set of questions. test , the Greatest Its historical charts, index, and colored Music Map ot Europe are also of the Polyphonists great teaching aids. It includes Franz 1 * iustrat‘ ons ao