Bruno Walter (Ca

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bruno Walter (Ca [To view this image, refer to the print version of this title.] Erik Ryding and Rebecca Pechefsky Yale University Press New Haven and London Frontispiece: Bruno Walter (ca. ). Courtesy of Österreichisches Theatermuseum. Copyright © by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections and of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Designed by Sonia L. Shannon Set in Bulmer type by The Composing Room of Michigan, Grand Rapids, Mich. Printed in the United States of America by R. R. Donnelley,Harrisonburg, Va. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ryding, Erik S., – Bruno Walter : a world elsewhere / by Erik Ryding and Rebecca Pechefsky. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, filmography,and indexes. ISBN --- (cloth : alk. paper) . Walter, Bruno, ‒. Conductors (Music)— Biography. I. Pechefsky,Rebecca. II. Title. ML.W R .Ј—dc [B] - A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. For Emily, Mary, and William In memoriam Rachel Kemper and Howard Pechefsky Contents Illustrations follow pages and Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Bruno Schlesinger Berlin, Cologne, Hamburg,– Kapellmeister Walter Breslau, Pressburg, Riga, Berlin,‒ Mahler’s Second-in-Command Vienna, ‒ Composer and Conductor Vienna, ‒ Premiere Performances Vienna and Munich, ‒ Generalmusikdirektor Munich, ‒ Delia Munich, ‒ New and Old Worlds USA and Berlin, ‒ A New Opera Company Berlin, ‒ Gewandhauskapellmeister Leipzig, ‒ Nomad Again ‒ Dies Irae Vienna and Paris, ‒ Guest Conductor on Two Coasts New York and Los Angeles, ‒ Musical Adviser New York, ‒ Gains and Losses Los Angeles, New York, Europe,‒ Mostly Mozart ‒ C viii Columbia Symphony Orchestra Los Angeles, ‒ Recommended Discographies Filmography by Charles Barber Notes Index C ix Preface During his sixty-seven years at the podium, Bruno Walter touched a huge number of listeners. At their greatest, his interpretations were revelatory,as audiences and critics acknowledged throughout his career. He succeeded again and again in discovering the essence of a musical composition and af- fording his listeners a passage to its inward panorama. He could make the opening theme of Beethoven’s Fifth sound as fresh as a newly composed work, and he could galvanize Wagner and Verdi with an unsurpassed dra- matic electricity.In doing so,he not only revealed the soul of the music he in- terpreted but also brought his listeners, through art, nearer to the passions and ecstasies and tragedies of life—all of which he knew from firsthand ex- perience. Walter’s story constantly skirts tragedy yet finds a comparatively happy ending. An impassioned devotee of German art, he found himself perse- cuted by German nationalists as the Nazi Party gained momentum. He held key musical positions in Austria and Germany during the first two decades of the twentieth century and was friendly with some of the leading com- posers and authors of his day.Then the troubles began. Expelled first from Munich, then from Germany, then from Austria, and finally from Europe, Walter settled in the United States, where he would successfully reestablish his career. In this regard (though in few others) he somewhat resembled the ancient Roman war hero Coriolanus, who fought for his country but, through the political maneuverings of others, found himself an exile and ul- timately joined the enemy forces. In Shakespeare’s version of the story, as Coriolanus leaves Rome, he utters the famous line “There is a world else- where,” from which we have taken our subtitle. The words, however, also seem appropriate for Walter if taken in a different sense, for throughout his mature life he was committed to the spiritual world, which had greater im- portance to him than anything on this temporal globe. In his final years he became a devoted student of the teachings of Rudolf Steiner and thought continually about the “higher spheres” and the dangers of materialism. Assessments of Walter have varied over the years. Many have praised him for his sincerity, warmth, and musical genius, though in recent times some have been quick to characterize him as a sentimental, ambitious hyp- ocrite. The truth, as is often the case, lies somewhere between the extremes. He was not a saint and had no desire to be treated as such. One can cite in- stances of backbiting,narrow-mindedness,and prevarication—which point to a distinctly unattractive side of his personality—but these were the excep- tion rather than the rule. We have followed almost every day of his long ca- reer from about to ,scouring thousands of letters to and from Wal- ter, and have interviewed over sixty people who had known him personally or worked with him professionally.The picture that emerges is of a man who was for the most part generous, open-minded, forgiving, and loyal to his friends. He could be evasive, especially when the feelings of others might be hurt, but he could also be brutally honest if a situation called for bluntness. In searching for news of Walter’s activities, we have combed through well over , reviews—most of them in German and Austrian newspa- pers—and there is no question that positive accounts of Walter’s contribu- tion to music have far outweighed negative ones, though certainly a chorus hostile to Walter existed almost from the beginning of his career. Without overloading the reader with passages from contemporary journals and newspapers, we have tried to give a balanced picture of Walter’s critical re- ception, offering a somewhat greater percentage of negative reviews than we actually encountered—partly in an attempt to be even-handed, partly be- cause critical reviews are often more revealing (both of Walter’s stylistic manner and of his critics’ prejudices) than sterling reports. The most frequently cited grievances against Walter as a conductor are that he was “too sentimental” and that his “beat was unclear.” Here it’s surely best to turn to Walter’s recordings and draw one’s own conclusions. What seems sentimental to some might strike others as deeply sensitive; an unclear beat to one listener might sound like subtle rhythmic flexibility to another. While the relaxed tempi in some of Walter’s later recordings seem flabby, unadventurous, and too gemütlich to some ears, those very record- ings offer a mature, unhurried beauty,wedded to an almost erotic caressing of the lines,that few Walterians would be without.Even the most committed enthusiasts, however, will allow that some of Walter’s stylistic peculiarities could be unfortunate; his tendency, especially in the earlier recordings, to slow down for the lyrical themes in works by classical composers like Mozart, even when the execution is skillfully carried off, can be disruptive and disconcerting.(This was,of course,a characteristic not of Walter alone, but of several generations of post-Wagnerian conductors; it is almost absent P xii in his last recordings.) And his aversion to repeating the exposition in sonata form sometimes resulted in lopsided structure.But many will gladly tolerate such idiosyncrasies in return for the sumptuous musical banquet that Walter served. Complaints of another kind dogged Walter for decades—indeed,when- ever he performed before anti-Semitic critics. In some cases, the racial mo- tives for a critic’s animosity are made abundantly clear throughout a review, but in many instances the tastes of the critics could not obviously be attrib- uted to racial bias. There are, for example, devastating reviews of Walter’s original compositions that trounce him for lacking a genuinely creative gift— a line of attack often leveled at Mahler by those who believed that Jews were incapable of originality and higher creativity. It’s tempting to see such at- tacks on Walter as part of the general propaganda against Jewish composers; yet one of the loudest critics in this vein was the Jewish reviewer Julius Korn- gold (father of the wunderkind composer Erich Wolfgang Korngold),whose attacks were hardly likely to have been prompted by a political or racial aver- sion to music composed by Jews. On the other hand,the Munich critic Paul Ehlers, who supported the Nazi Party early on, rarely wrote a harsh word about Walter over the course of several years. Walter’s style has often been characterized as “lyrical,”but perhaps “vo- cal”would be a more accurate term.To be sure,Walter continually urged his players to sing, but singing is not just lyricism. “Sing out,” yes, but always with different inflections; sing recitativo as well as arioso. In Walter’s inter- pretations, we are often aware of intense drama; it is most obvious in the realm of opera, but the purely symphonic works are also often charged with feral energy.Even when his readings reach a frenzied pitch, however, the in- struments are allowed to breathe, to create resonant tones that fit into deftly shaped lines; in prestissimo passages, one almost never feels that the instru- ments are gasping for breath. And the vocal model no doubt provided the textural ideal that Walter strove to achieve: the polyphonic fabric of his or- chestral timbres surely owes a debt to the harmonies of human voices,where a subordinate line rarely serves as mere accompaniment but almost always has its own identity. In his relations with orchestral musicians, Walter was perhaps the first world-renowned conductor to achieve a reputation for treating his players with courtesy rather than roughness, putting himself forward as primus in- ter pares. His disapproval was often expressed with the genial formula: “My friends, I am not quite happy.Please, once again.” But this is not to say that P xiii he was a pushover; in fact, for all his courtliness, he could be quite firm with his players, until they gave him what he felt they were capable of giving.
Recommended publications
  • Parsifal and Canada: a Documentary Study
    Parsifal and Canada: A Documentary Study The Canadian Opera Company is preparing to stage Parsifal in Toronto for the first time in 115 years; seven performances are planned for the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts from September 25 to October 18, 2020. Restrictions on public gatherings imposed as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic have placed the production in jeopardy. Wagnerians have so far suffered the cancellation of the COC’s Flying Dutchman, Chicago Lyric Opera’s Ring cycle and the entire Bayreuth Festival for 2020. It will be a hard blow if the COC Parsifal follows in the footsteps of a projected performance of Parsifal in Montreal over 100 years ago. Quinlan Opera Company from England, which mounted a series of 20 operas in Montreal in the spring of 1914 (including a complete Ring cycle), announced plans to return in the fall of 1914 for another feast of opera, including Parsifal. But World War One intervened, the Parsifal production was cancelled, and the Quinlan company went out of business. Let us hope that history does not repeat itself.1 While we await news of whether the COC production will be mounted, it is an opportune time to reflect on Parsifal and its various resonances in Canadian music history. This article will consider three aspects of Parsifal and Canada: 1) a performance history, including both excerpts and complete presentations; 2) remarks on some Canadian singers who have sung Parsifal roles; and 3) Canadian scholarship on Parsifal. NB: The indication [DS] refers the reader to sources that are reproduced in the documentation portfolio that accompanies this article.
    [Show full text]
  • ARSC Journal
    A Discography of the Choral Symphony by J. F. Weber In previous issues of this Journal (XV:2-3; XVI:l-2), an effort was made to compile parts of a composer discography in depth rather than breadth. This one started in a similar vein with the realization that SO CDs of the Beethoven Ninth Symphony had been released (the total is now over 701). This should have been no surprise, for writers have stated that the playing time of the CD was designed to accommodate this work. After eighteen months' effort, a reasonably complete discography of the work has emerged. The wonder is that it took so long to collect a body of information (especially the full names of the vocalists) that had already been published in various places at various times. The Japanese discographers had made a good start, and some of their data would have been difficult to find otherwise, but quite a few corrections and additions have been made and some recording dates have been obtained that seem to have remained 1.Dlpublished so far. The first point to notice is that six versions of the Ninth didn't appear on the expected single CD. Bl:lhm (118) and Solti (96) exceeded the 75 minutes generally assumed (until recently) to be the maximum CD playing time, but Walter (37), Kegel (126), Mehta (127), and Thomas (130) were not so burdened and have been reissued on single CDs since the first CD release. On the other hand, the rather short Leibowitz (76), Toscanini (11), and Busch (25) versions have recently been issued with fillers.
    [Show full text]
  • All Strings Considered a Subjective List of Classical Works
    All Strings Considered A Subjective List of Classical Works & Recordings All Recordings are available from the Lake Oswego Public Library These are my faves, your mileage may vary. Bill Baars, Director Composer / Title Performer(s) Comments Middle Ages and Renaissance Sequentia We carry a lot of plainsong and chant; HILDEGARD OF BINGEN recordings by the Anonymous 4 are also Antiphons highly recommended. Various, Renaissance vocal and King’s Consort, Folger Consort instrumental collections. or Baltimore Consort Baroque Era Biondi/Europa Galante or Vivaldi wrote several hundred concerti; try VIVALDI Loveday/Marriner. the concerti for multiple instruments, and The Four Seasons the Mandolin concerti. Also, Corelli's op. 6 and Tartini (my fave is his op.96). HANDEL Asch/Scholars Baroque For more Baroque vocal, Bach’s cantatas - Messiah Ensemble, Shaw/Atlanta start with 80 & 140, and his Bach B Minor Symphony Orch. or Mass with John Gardiner conducting. And for Jacobs/Freiberg Baroque fun, Bach's “Coffee” cantata. orch. HANDEL Lamon/Tafelmusik For an encore, Handel's “Music for the Royal Water Music Suites Fireworks.” J.S. BACH Akademie für Alte Musik Also, the Suites for Orchestra; the Violin and Brandenburg Concertos Berlin or Koopman, Pinnock, Harpsicord Concerti are delightful, too. or Tafelmusik J.S. BACH Walter Gerwig More lute - anything by Paul O'Dette, Ronn Works for Lute McFarlane & Jakob Lindberg. Also interesting, the Lute-Harpsichord. J.S. BACH Bylsma on period cellos, Cello Suites Fournier on a modern instrument; Casals' recording was the standard Classical Era DuPre/Barenboim/ECO & HAYDN Barbirolli/LSO Cello Concerti HAYDN Fischer, Davis or Kuijiken "London" Symphonies (93-101) HAYDN Mosaiques or Kodaly quartets Or start with opus 9, and take it from there.
    [Show full text]
  • ARSC Journal
    ing notes is a welcome one. I do wish they spread out onto three sides to avoid the Adagio side-break. Peter Burkhardt's appreciation of Knappertsbusch is particularly appropriate in his paragraph noting the conductor's insistence, against general critical opinion, on Bruckner's "sensuousness." Given the extraordinary richness of this performance, that observation is particularly apt. Henry Fogel Alexander Kipnis from Historic Broadcast Recitals Given in 1943/44 and Now Issued for the First Time. MUSSORGSKY: Boris Godounov--Monologue; Clock Scene; Farewell (Shostakovich orchestration) (Philharmonic-Sym­ phony; Fritz Reiner, conductor, 23 July 1944); Prayer (Rimski-Korsakov orchestration); Song of the Flea (Orchestra; J. Stopak, conductor, 1 May 1943); MOZART: Don Giovanni--Madamina (29 May 1943); VERDI: Don Carlo-­ Ella giammai m'amo (12 June 1943); NICOLAI: Lustigen Weiher von Windsor--Als BUblein klein (29 May 1943); KOENEMANN: When the king went forth to war; KNIPPER: Meadowland (1 May 1943) (Stopak, conductor). SCHUMANN: Dichterliebe, (Op.48) (Wolfgang Rose, piano) (1943); SCHUBERT: Aufenhalt; Gute Nacht; Der Wanderer; Erlkonig (with piano) (1936). Comments by Kipnis from interview with Robert Sherman on WQXR Listening Room. DISCOCORP 210, 211, 2 discs. The first of these two discs is a historic document of first importance, for the Boris Godounov broadcast with Reiner was the world premiere of the Shostakovich orchestration. The three excerpts, with Kipnis in magnificent voice, are followed by Boris' prayer in the familiar Rimski-Korsakov version. Mussorgsky's Song of the Flea, with orchestra, follows, and the first side is filled out with some comments on Boris. Perhaps one does not think of Kipnis as Leporello (though he did sing the part at the Met).
    [Show full text]
  • An Interview with Robert Shaw: Reflections at Eighty
    An Interview with Robert Shaw: Reflections at Eighty by Jeffrey Baxter RobertShaw .Robert Shaw's distinguished career began in New York City In 1979, Shaw was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to in 1938, where he prepared choruses for such renowned con­ the National Council on the Arts and he was a 1991 recipient of ductors as Fred Waring, Arturo Toscanini, and Bruno Walter. the Kennedy Center Honors, the nation's highest award given to In 1949 he formed the Robert Shaw Chorale, which for two artists. Musical America, the international directory of the per­ decades reigned as America's premier touring choir. Under the forming arts, named him Musician of the Year for 1992, and auspices ofthe U.S. State Department, the Chorale performed during the same year he was awarded the National Medal ofthe in thirty countries throughout Europe, the Soviet Union, the Arts in a White House ceremony. He was the 1993 recipient of Middle East, and Latin America. During this period Shaw also the Conductors' Guild TheodoreThomas Award, in recognition served as Music Director ofthe San Diego Symphony and then ofhis outstanding achievement in conducting and his contribu­ as Associate Conductor of the Cleveland Orchestra, working tions to the education and training ofyoung conductors. closely with George Szell for eleven years. He served as Music A regular guest conductor ofmajor orchestras in this country Director of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra from 1967 to and abroad, Shaw also is in demand as a teacher and lecturer at 1988, during which time the orchestra garnered widespread leading U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Viola V26 N1 11/7/14 6:25 PM Page 102 Viola V30 N2 Viola V26 N1 11/7/14 6:25 PM Page 1
    Viola V30 N2_Viola V26 N1 11/7/14 6:25 PM Page 101 30 Years of JAVS Features: A Survey of Hans Gál’s Chamber Works Vadim Borisovsky and His Viola Arrangements, Part I Alfred Uhl’s Viola Études Primrose’s Transcriptions Volume 30 Volume Number 2 and Arrangements Journal of Journal the American Viola Society Viola V30 N2_Viola V26 N1 11/7/14 6:25 PM Page 102 Viola V30 N2_Viola V26 N1 11/7/14 6:25 PM Page 1 Journal of the American Viola Society A publication of the American Viola Society Fall 2014 Volume 30 Number 2 Contents p. 3 From the Editor p. 5 From the President p. 7 News & Notes: Announcements ~ In memoriam Feature Articles p. 13 A Survey of Hans Gál’s Chamber Works with Viola: Richard Marcus writes on the Austrian composer Hans Gál, who emigrated to Great Britain due to World War II. A catalog of his chamber works with viola is provided, along with a look at various selections of these compositions. p. 27 Vadim Borisovsky and His Viola Arrangements: Recent Discoveries in Russian Archives and Libraries, Part I: In the first installment of a two-part article, Elena Artamonova provides a detailed historical context of the Russian violist Vadim Borisovsky—who, in addition to his musical accomplishments, was also a poet. p. 37 Alfred Uhl’s Viola Études: Studies with a Heart: Études have long been an indispensible part of a violist’s training, but have also been typically confined to providing technical facility. Danny Keasler looks at the études of Alfred Uhl, which include melodic aspects that can relate directly to repertoire.
    [Show full text]
  • BEETHOVEN Symphony No
    83: BEETHOVEN Symphony No. 3 'Eroica' Symphony No. 8 CSR Symphony Orchestra Zagreb Philharmonic Michael HalBsz Richard Edlinger 11988 ~ecording1 playing Time :69'23" 1 Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) Symhony No. 3 in E Flat Major, Op. 55 'Eroica' Symphony No. 8 in F Major, Op. 93 Beethoven wrote nine svmphonies, the first heraldina the new centurv, in 1800, and the last compleied'in 1824. Although he mad; few changes tdthe composition of the orchestra itself. addina. when occasion demanded. one or Go instruments more normally foundln the opera-house, he expanded vastlv the traditional form. developed in the time of Havdn and Mozart. reflecting the personal and .plitical strugglesof a period of immense change and turbulence. To his contemwraries he seemed an inimitable oriainal, but to a number of his suocessors'he seemed to have expanded the symphony to an intimidating extent. The inital inspiration for Beethoven's third symphony seems to have come from the French envoy, Count Bernadotte, who had been sent to Vienna in 1798, taking with him in his entourage the virtuoso violinist and composer Rodolphe Kreutzer, to whom Beethoven was later to dedicate his most famous violin sonata. Bernadotte spent some time in Beethoven's company and seems to have given him the notion of composing a heroic symphony in honour of General Bonaparte. The French had. bv force of arms, established a number of republics and had compelled hitria to unfavourable peace terms at the treatvof Camm Formio. As First Consul it seemed that Napoleon embodied the vikues of the republic of classical Rome, an ideal thai had a strong attraction for Beethoven.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Exhibition Tenorissimo! Plácido Domingo in Vienna
    Tenorissimo! Plácido Domingo in Vienna May 17th, 2017 - January 8th, 2018 Lobkowitzplatz 2, 1010 Wien [email protected] T +43 1 525 24 5315 About the exhibition An unmistakable dark timbre, highly dramatic expressiveness, an impressive, vast repertoire – all this enraptures the fans of the Spanish crowd-pleaser with waves of enthusiasm. The Theatermuseum celebrates Plácido Domingo on the anniversary of his stage debut: He has been singing at the Vienna State Opera for 50 years. When the Tenor, then still considered as insider tip, made his debut at the State Opera in the title role of Verdi‘s Don Carlo, not only he took stage and cast in storm, but also the hearts of the Viennese audience – a true love relationship, unbroken till today. This performance contributed to an unparalleled career, taking him to the world‘s leading opera houses. Vienna has always been a very special “home port“ for the opera star. Here he performed 30 different roles in 300 shows and was awarded the title Austrian Kammersänger. The exhibition at the Theatermuseum documents the most important appearances of the “Tenorissimo“ in Vienna with original costumes and props, photographs and memorabilia, video and audio samples. The presentation portrays him also as baritone, the role fach on which he concentrated almost exclusively in the past 10 years, and refers to his activities as conductor, taking him regularly to the orchestra pit of the Vienna State Opera since the end of the 1970s. Without hesitation Plácido Domingo can be described as one of the most versatile, curious and longest serving representative of his musical genre.
    [Show full text]
  • Arturo Toscanini and Don Gillis in Rehearsal, Don Gillis Collection, University of North Texas
    Arturo Toscanini and Don Gillis in rehearsal, Don Gillis Collection, University of North Texas. Reproduced with permission. MARK MCKNIGHT, SUSANNAH CLEVELAND Rediscovering “Toscanini: The Man Behind the Legend” The following article is based on the authors’ presentation at the ARSC Conference in Austin, TX, April 2005. The focus is on the Don Gillis Collection, which the University of North Texas (UNT) Music Library acquired after Gillis’s death in 1978. Gillis, a longtime associate of Arturo Toscanini, served as the conductor’s assistant and the producer for the NBC Symphony broadcast concerts from 1944 until they ended ten years later. The photographs that illustrate this article are from the collection and are reproduced with permission. __________________________________________________________________________________ he story of Arturo Toscanini’s rise to fame as one of history’s most celebrated con- ductors is well known. Having spent the first several years of his professional life in T the opera pit, Toscanini then gained a reputation for his symphonic conducting, serving as principal conductor of the New York Philharmonic from 1929 to 1936. When he left that post and retired to his native Italy, his American fans believed they would never again see the maestro conduct here. At the age of 70, however, when most individuals are happily settled into retirement, Toscanini returned to the podium, this time in a completely new and, in some ways controversial, forum, as head of the recently organized NBC Symphony. He would remain with the orchestra until his final departure in 1954. Toscanini died three years later in New York, just two months before his ninetieth birthday.
    [Show full text]
  • With a Rich History Steeped in Tradition, the Courage to Stand Apart and An
    With a rich history steeped in tradition, the courage to stand apart and an enduring joy of discovery, the Wiener Symphoniker are the beating heart of the metropolis of classical music, Vienna. For 120 years, the orchestra has shaped the special sound of its native city, forging a link between past, present and future like no other. In Andrés Orozco-Estrada - for several years now an adopted Viennese - the orchestra has found a Chief Conductor to lead this skilful ensemble forward from the 20-21 season onward, and at the same time revisit its musical roots. That the Wiener Symphoniker were formed in 1900 of all years is no coincidence. The fresh wind of Viennese Modernism swirled around this new orchestra, which confronted the challenges of the 20th century with confidence and vision. This initially included the assured command of the city's musical past: they were the first orchestra to present all of Beethoven's symphonies in the Austrian capital as one cycle. The humanist and forward-looking legacy of Beethoven and Viennese Romanticism seems tailor-made for the Symphoniker, who are justly leaders in this repertoire to this day. That pioneering spirit, however, is also evident in the fact that within a very short time the Wiener Symphoniker rose to become one of the most important European orchestras for the premiering of new works. They have given the world premieres of many milestones of music history, such as Anton Bruckner's Ninth Symphony, Arnold Schönberg's Gurre-Lieder, Maurice Ravel's Piano Concerto for the Left Hand and Franz Schmidt's The Book of the Seven Seals - concerts that opened a door onto completely new worlds of sound and made these accessible to the greater masses.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NOTE TO USERS The cassettes are not included in this original manuscript. This reproduction is the best copy available. _ UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction
    [Show full text]
  • Boston Symphony Orchestra Concert Programs
    m fl ^ j- ? i 1 9 if /i THE GREAT OUTDOORS THE GREAT INDOORS Beautiful, spacious country condominiums on 55 magnificent acres with lake, swimming pool and tennis courts, minutes from Tanglewood and the charms of Lenox and Stockbridge. FOR INFORMATION CONTACT (413) 443-3330 1136 Barker Road (on the Pittsfield-Richmond line) GREAT LIVING IN THE BERKSHIRES Seiji Ozawa, Music Director Carl St. Clair and Pascal Verrot, Assistant Conductors One Hundred and Seventh Season, 1987-88 Trustees of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Inc. Kidder, President Nelson J. Darling, Jr., Chairman George H. T Mrs. John M. Bradley, Vice-Chairman J. P. Barger, V ice-Chairman Archie C. Epps, Vice-Chairman William J. Poorvu, Vice-Chairman and Treasurer Vernon R. Alden Mrs. Michael H. Davis Roderick M. MacDougall David B. Arnold, Jr. Mrs. Eugene B. Doggett Mrs. August R. Meyer Mrs. Norman L. Cahners Mrs. John H. Fitzpatrick David G. Mugar James F. Cleary Avram J. Goldberg Mrs. George R. Rowland William M. Crozier, Jr. Mrs. John L. Grandin Richard A. Smith Mrs. Lewis S. Dabney Francis W. Hatch, Jr. Ray Stata Harvey Chet Krentzman Trustees Emeriti Philip K. Allen Mrs. Harris Fahnestock Irving W. Rabb Allen G. Barry E. Morton Jennings, Jr. Paul C. Reardon Leo L. Beranek Edward M. Kennedy Mrs. George L. Sargent Richard P. Chapman Albert L. Nickerson Sidney Stoneman Abram T. Collier Thomas D. Perry, Jr. John Hoyt Stookey George H.A. Clowes, Jr. John L. Thorndike Other Officers of the Corporation John Ex Rodgers, Assistant Treasurer Jay B. Wailes, Assistant Treasurer Daniel R. Gustin, Clerk Administration of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Inc.
    [Show full text]