Guidelines for Conducting Historic Resources Survey in Virginia
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY IN VIRGINIA October 2011 Revised September 2017 Virginia Department of Historic Resources 2801 Kensington Avenue Richmond, Virginia 23221 (804) 367-2323 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments – page 3 Introduction - page 4 Chapter 1 Developing a Research Design – page 11 Explains the steps involved in determining the elements of a workable research design, the objectives of the project, the methodology to be employed, and the anticipated results of the investigation. 1) Elements in Developing a Research Design 11 2) Objectives 11 3) Methods 13 4) Expected Results 13 Chapter 2 Research Methodology – page 15 Lays out the typically recommended approach for conducting survey research, which is best undertaken early on, and can be ongoing depending on the nature of the project. Chapter 3 How to Use Historic Contexts in Virginia: A Guide for Survey, Registration, Protection, and Treatment Projects – page 18 Sets forth the historic contexts used by DHR to order resource research and survey, with a step- by-step approach for defining and analyzing the resource. Chapter 4 Conducting Architectural Survey – page 22 Describes levels of survey and appropriate corresponding levels of fieldwork effort, along with survey procedures. 1) Types of Survey 22 2) Levels of Documentation 23 3) Fieldwork 24 4) Surveying Individual Properties 25 5) Surveying Historic Districts 28 Chapter 5 Organizing Architectural Survey Materials – page 31 Explains the required process for organizing and labeling architectural survey data. 1) DHR Identification Numbers 31 2) DHR Archives Survey Files 31 3) DHR Archives Survey File Envelopes 32 4) VCRIS Forms 32 5) Photographic Documentation 32 6) Site Plans 35 Chapter 6 Conducting Archaeological Investigations – page 40 Presents the methodology for conducting archaeological survey 1) Definition of an Archaeological Site 40 2) Levels of Investigation 41 3) Research Design 42 4) Identification (Phase I) 44 5) Evaluation (Phase II) 49 6) Evaluation of Human Remains and Cemeteries 52 7) Phase III Data Recovery 53 8) Curation of Artifacts and Documentation 54 9) Personnel 54 10) Permits 55 Chapter 7 Organizing Archaeological Survey Materials – page 57 Explains the requirements for ordering and presenting archaeological survey data. 1) DHR Identification Numbers 57 2) Archival Management 57 3) VCRIS Forms 57 4) Archaeological Site Confidentiality and Security 58 1 Chapter 8 Field Techniques for Conducting Cultural Landscape Survey – page 59 Presents guidance on surveying cultural landscape resources. 1) Types of Survey 61 2) Levels of Documentation 62 3) Fieldwork 63 4) Surveying Individual Properties and Cultural Landscapes 65 5) Surveying Historic Districts 67 Chapter 9 Organizing Cultural Landscape Survey Materials – page 70 Sets forth the requirements for processing and presenting documentation findings resulting from cultural landscape survey. 1) DHR Identification Numbers 70 2) DHR Archives Survey Files 70 3) DHR Survey File Envelopes 71 4) VCRIS Forms 72 5) Photographic Documentation 72 6) Site Plans 75 7) USGS Topographic Quadrangle Maps 76 Chapter 10 Preparing Cost Share and Certified Local Government Survey Reports – page 77 Details report format and contents requirements for Cost Share and Certified Local Government (CLG) projects, outlining an approach that can also be adopted for other purposes besides compliance survey and reporting. 1) Introduction 77 2) General Format Requirements 77 3) Required Components 78 Chapter 11 Preparing Identification and Evaluation Reports Pursuant to Local, State, or Federal Laws and Regulations – page 85 Explains the requirements for reports prepared for compliance projects. 1) Introduction 84 2) Levels of Documentation 85 3) Components of a Survey Report 86 References -- page 94 Appendix A Regional Differences: Geography and Culture – page 99 Provides a brief description and background on each of the state’s regions. Appendix B Time Periods in Virginia History and Prehistory – page 107 Presents a sequence of the major time periods as a foundation for understanding cultural developments in Virginia’s history. Appendix C Thematic Contexts and Associated Property Types – page 114 Describes the themes used by DHR to define, understand, and interpret historic resources. Appendix D How to Research Your Historic Virginia Property – page 118 Provides detailed guidance on conducting research on historic resources in Virginia Appendix E Glossary of Terms – page 151 Defines terms used in DHR Guidelines. Appendix F Department of Historic Resources State Collections Management Standards – page 158 Sets forth DHR’s requirements for collections management 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Guidelines for Conducting Historic Resources Survey in Virginia is the product of the combined efforts of the Department of Historic Resources (DHR) staff, with contributions from many in the state’s historic resources community, and to these individuals DHR owes a debt of gratitude for helping to bring this document to completion. The first version of DHR’s Guidelines for Conducting Historic Resources Survey in Virginia, referred to as DHR Guidelines in this document, was prepared by DHR’s former Survey and Register Programs Manager Margaret Peters in 1999 and updated in 2000. From that point initial expansion and updating of DHR Guidelines was undertaken by DHR staff members, Ariel Lambert Billmeier, Quatro Hubbard, Trent Park, and Paige Weiss Pollard. Completion of DHR Guidelines was carried out by DHR’s Survey Guidelines Committee, formed in October 2007, with members, Camille Bowman, Ethel Eaton, David Edwards, Keith Egloff, Marc Holma, Quatro Hubbard, Roger Kirchen, Sara Leonard, and Susan Smead, assisted by Alison Snow and Randall Jones. As DHR’s Survey and Cost Share Program Manager, Susan Smead deserves much credit for organizing and revising much of the material in the document through 2009. The 2011 edition of the DHR Guidelines was revised and edited by David Edwards, Manager of DHR’s Regional Offices, with assistance from DHR staff members Ann Andrus, Bob Carter, Joanie Evans, Quatro Hubbard, Kristin Kirchen, Mike Pulice, Pam Schenian, Jeff Smith, and Marc Wagner. The 2017 edition of the DHR Guidelines was revised and edited by Blake McDonald, Architectural Survey and Cost Share Program Manager, with input from DHR staff members Carey Jones, Jolene Smith, Quatro Hubbard, and Jim Hare. 3 INTRODUCTION The Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) was formed in 1966 as the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (VHLC), Virginia’s State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). In 1985, the Landmarks Commission became part of the newly formed Virginia Department of Conservation and Historic Resources, as the Division of Historic Landmarks; the Division was reorganized into the Department of Historic Resources, a new state agency, in 1989. One of DHR’s missions, critical throughout its history, is to promote comprehensive, statewide survey of historic resources. In addition to directly supporting survey statewide, DHR requires historic resources documentation in many programs it administers. All historic resources documentation efforts with which DHR is involved are to be conducted in accordance with the information provided in Guidelines for Conducting Historic Resources Survey in Virginia, hereafter referred to in this document as DHR Guidelines. All materials submitted to DHR are to conform to the guidance set forth herein if they are to meet DHR’s requirements, unless alternative directions are provided by DHR for specific cases or an alternative plan is approved by all involved DHR staff at the commencement of the project. In instances where methodology, procedures, or resulting materials do not comply with standards and requirements in DHR Guidelines, products submitted to DHR may be rejected and delays may thereby result. Questions about applying information in DHR Guidelines may be addressed to the appropriate DHR program area staff or to the DHR survey manager.1 The Secretary of the Interior (SOI) and the National Park Service have developed broad national performance standards and guidelines to assist agencies and individuals with the implementation of historic preservation activities. These federal standards and guidelines are titled “Archeology and Historic Preservation: Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines.”2 DHR prepared DHR Guidelines around these federal standards, augmenting the guidance that they provide with information specific to the requirements for conducting historic resources survey in Virginia. The information contained in DHR Guidelines is intended for use by a wide range of individuals with varying degrees of training and experience in conducting survey work in Virginia, from the novice to the professional. Therefore, the guidance provided herein covers basic material along with advanced historic resources documentation concepts and approaches. DHR Guidelines is also designed to provide direction on researching and documenting various property types, both above and below ground, including archaeological, architectural, and cultural landscape resources. In many cases, projects will require consideration of multiple resource types. DHR intends DHR Guidelines to promote thorough consideration of all aspects of any geographic area under study, so that all resource types present within a given study area receive sufficient consideration. Using DHR Guidelines DHR Guidelines is set up to follow the order in which a historic