ELECTION UPDATE SOUTH AFRICA 2014 ELECTION UPDATE SOUTH AFRICA October 2014

ELECTION UPDATE SOUTH AFRICA 2014 ELECTION UPDATE SOUTH AFRICA October 2014 Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa Published by EISA 14 Park Road, Richmond Johannesburg South Africa PO Box 740 Auckland park 2006 South Africa Tel: +27 011 381 6000 Fax: +27 011 482 6163 e-mail: [email protected] www.eisa.org.za ISBN: 978-1-920446-45-1 © EISA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of EISA. First published 2014 EISA acknowledges the contributions made by the EISA staff, the regional researchers who provided invaluable material used to compile the Updates, the South African newspapers and the Update readers for their support and interest. Printing: Corpnet, Johannesburg CONTENTS PREFACE 7 ____________________________________________________________________ ELECTIONS IN 2014 – A BAROMETER OF SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICS AND 9 SOCIETY? Professor Dirk Kotze ____________________________________________________________________ 1. PROCESSES ISSUE 19 Ebrahim Fakir and Waseem Holland LEGAL FRAMEWORK 19 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTORAL LAW 21 ELECTION TIMETABLE 24 ELECTORAL AUTHORITY 25 NEGATIVE PERCEPTIONS OF ELECTORAL AUTHORITY 26 ELECTORAL SYSTEM 27 VOTING PROCESS 28 WORKINGS OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM 29 COUNTING PROCESS 30 2014 NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL ELECTIONS – VOTER REGISTRATION 32 STATISTICS AND PARTY REGISTRATION ____________________________________________________________________ 2. SA ELECTIONS 2014: CONTINUITY, CONTESTATION OR CHANGE? 37 THE PATH OF THE PAST: SOUTH AFRICAN DEMOCRACY TWENTY YEARS ON 37 Professor Steven Friedman KWAZULU-NATAL 44 NORTH WEST 48 LIMPOPO 55 FREE STATE 59 WESTERN CAPE 64 MPUMALANGA 74 GAUTENG 77 ____________________________________________________________________ 3 3. SA ELECTIONS 2014: STICKS & STONES - POLITICAL INTOLERANCE, 87 VIOLENCE & INTIMIDATION THE FIRST TO DEFEND THE RIGHTS OF OTHER PARTIES? – THE ANC AND 87 THE PROBLEM OF INTIMIDATION IN SOUTH AFRICA David Bruce KWAZULU-NATAL 95 GAUTENG 97 NORTH WEST 102 MPUMALANGA 106 LIMPOPO 108 EASTERN CAPE 110 FREE STATE 112 WESTERN CAPE 114 ____________________________________________________________________ 4. SA ELECTIONS 2014: POLITICAL OPPOSITION -COHESION, FRACTURE OR 119 FRAGMENTATION? FRAGMENTATION AND FRACTURE – THE LOSS OF TRUST AND CONFIDENCE 119 IN POLITICAL PARTIES Ebrahim Fakir FIGMENT OR FRAGMENTATION? – FOCUS ON THE GOVERNING ALLIANCE 122 AND POLITICAL OPPOSITION Aubrey Matshiqi FREE STATE 126 NORTH WEST 128 GAUTENG 133 EASTERN CAPE 136 LIMPOPO 138 NORTHERN CAPE 140 MPUMALANGA 143 WESTERN CAPE 146 KWAZULU-NATAL 151 ____________________________________________________________________ 5. RESOURCES: STATE AND PRIVATE – USE OR ABUSE? 155 UNREGULATED PRIVATE FUNDING OF POLITICAL PARTIES: LINKING MONEY, 155 POWER AND CORRUPTION Gregory Solik NORTH WEST 161 GAUTENG 162 KWA-ZULU NATAL 164 4 LIMPOPO 165 EASTERN CAPE 167 MPUMALANGA 169 NORTHERN CAPE 170 FREE STATE 172 WESTERN CAPE 173 ____________________________________________________________________ 6. SA ELECTIONS 2014: POST ELECTION PROVINCIAL REVIEW 177 FREE STATE 177 MPUMALANGA 179 KWAZULU NATAL 181 GAUTENG 183 NORTH WEST 186 EASTERN CAPE 189 NORTHERN CAPE 192 WESTERN CAPE 193 LIMPOPO 197 ____________________________________________________________________ 7. SA ELECTIONS 2014: THE PROBLEMS OF UNREGULATED PRIVATE 199 FUNDING OF POLITICAL PARTIES - PROTESTS AND THE PROVINCIAL RESULTS PATTERNS A DETECTIVE STORY: FOLLOWING THE MONEY TO UNDERSTAND THE 199 INFLUENCE OF SECRET POLITICAL PARTY FUNDING ON THE 2014 ELECTIONS Karabo Rajuili GAUTENG 205 NORTH WEST 209 NORTHERN CAPE 212 LIMPOPO 213 EASTERN CAPE 215 FREE STATE 216 KWAZULU NATAL 218 WESTERN CAPE 220 ____________________________________________________________________ 5 8. SA ELECTIONS 2014: THE MEDIA AND PROVINCIAL CABINET 227 COMPOSITION IS THERE A GOOD STORY TO TELL ABOUT THE SOUTH AFRICAN MEDIA 227 COVERAGE OF THE COUNTRY’S 2014 NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL ELECTIONS? Wellington Radu and William Bird WESTERN CAPE 236 NORTH WEST 239 EASTERN CAPE 242 GAUTENG 246 MPUMALANGA 247 NORTHERN CAPE 250 FREE STATE 252 KWAZULU NATAL 254 ____________________________________________________________________ 9. SA ELECTIONS 2014: THE FINAL ISSUES – PRIVATE FUNDING OF 257 POLITICAL PARTIES, YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND NEW POLITICAL ENTRANTS PARTY POLITICAL FINANCE AND MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY IN SOUTH 257 AFRICA’S 2014 ELECTION Ivor Sarakinsky SOUTH AFRICAN YOUTH: POLITICALLY APATHETIC? Elnari Potgieter and 262 Barend F Lutz SA ELECTIONS 2014: PERFORMANCE OF NEW PARTIES Sithembile Mbete 274 ____________________________________________________________________ RECCOMENDATIONS 281 ____________________________________________________________________ ALPHABETICAL INDEX 283 6 ELECTION UPDATE 2014 • provide critical information PREFACE and analysis to all electoral stakeholders on the electoral and political process; and Since 1999 EISA has produced • serve as a historical record of a series of Election Updates for the electoral process. every South African election, de- tailing and documenting the de- For these reasons, the Election velopments of the pre-election, Update series has become an in- election day, and post-election dispensable resource on the po- period in each of South Africa’s litical and electoral process as it nine provinces. These updates unfolds in South Africa. are circulated to a broad group of local and international electoral Over a series of nine issues, we stakeholders, including local and aim to have brought timely and international observer missions, relevant insights into the elector- local civil society organisations, al and political process through political parties, academics and providing information, data and universities as well as a broader analysis on selected themes ger- international audience interested mane to the political, electoral in developments in South Africa. and democratisation process. The Election Update provides in-depth insight into the elector- The updates were produced in al and political process and pro- three phases, the immediate pre – vides an account of the extent to election phase, the elections days which democracy in South Africa phase, and a post elections phase is taking root after twenty years which provided a documentation of political transition. It aims to and analysis of the process and reflect on the past two decades of the results. This compendium democracy in South Africa, and edition, thus provides an extant examine potential issues impact- record and documentation of the ing on the 7 May 2014 elections. overall political and electoral Specifically, the Election Update process, with the unique feature aims to: of providing data, information and analysis from each of South • contribute to voter education Africa’s nine provinces and will aimed at promoting an in serve as a useful documentary formed choice by the elector guide of record, on the South Af- ate; rican electoral process in 2014. • promote national dialogue on elections and in the process This would not have been possi- inculcate a culture of political ble without the commitment and tolerance; dedication of the researchers and • influence policy debates and EISA staff. electoral reform efforts through published material; 7 8 ELECTIONS IN 2014 – A BAROMETER OF SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY? Dirk Kotzé – Professor; Department of Political Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria 1. Introduction relatively small in number, but ca. The main challenge in South well established. The research Africa is, however, to proceed EISA has published nine issues approach they follow is mainly beyond the seasonal interest in of Election Update during 2014 qualitative-empirical in nature individual elections to more sys- to record and reflect on prepara- with very few examples of quan- tematic, thematic and compara- tions for and the conduct of the titative studies, similar to those of tive electoral studies. national and provincial elections Pippa Norris’ Electoral Integrity on 7 May 2014 throughout South project1. Robert Mattes (UCT) is The main foci of attention over Africa. This event was not only one of the few exceptions to this the years in the South African the fifth national/provincial elec- rule. studies have been firstly, the pre- tions but also concluded the first dominance of results’ analysis in two decades after introduction All the elections between 1994 terms of party-race alignments of constitutional democracy in and 2014 have been thoroughly (or elections as “racial census- South Africa. It raises the expec- researched and numerous pub- es”), the regional/provincial con- tation that South Africa should lications on them are available. centration of opposition parties have “become of age” with this The 1994 election was the focus (epitomized by the IFP), Kwa- election. At the same time it is of books by Andrew Reynolds2, Zulu-Natal and the Western Cape worthwhile to compare it with Peter Harris3, and RW Johnson as the two exceptional provinces countries at the same stage of & Lawrence Schlemmer4. One where the ANC has not always their history: Zimbabwe in 2000, of the books on the 1999 election been in the majority, the excep- Namibia in 2010 or Mozambique was edited by Yvonne Muthien5 tional nature of local government in 2014. At this point in South and another one compiled by elections in terms of its electoral Africa’s

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