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Tese Completa Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia da Produção ALTERNATIVAS PARA A AUTO-SUSTENTABILIDADE DOS XOKLENG DA TERRA INDÍGENA IBIRAMA Sávio Luis Sens Dissertação apresentada ao Programa Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Engenharia da Produção Florianópolis 2002 ii Sávio Luis Sens ALTERNATIVAS PARA A AUTO-SUSTENTABILIDADE DOS XOKLENG DA TERRA INDÍGENA IBIRAMA Esta dissertação foi julgada e aprovada para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Engenharia de Produção no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, 10 de janeiro de 2002. Prof. Alejandro Martins, Dr. Coordenador do Curso BANCA EXAMINADORA ________________________________ Prof. Alejandro Martins, Dr. Orientador ________________________________ Prof. Domingos Sávio Nunes, Dr. Co-orientador ________________________________ Prof. Alexandro de Ávila Lerípio, Dr. iii Ao meu saudoso pai Longino, in memoriam. À minha mãe, Lídia pela imensa dedicação e carinho. Ao meu filho Vincenzo, por ser o motivo de eu continuar em frente. iv Agradecimentos Ao professor Domingos Sávio Nunes, pelo estímulo e orientações pontuais. À professora Margarete Maria Sens Nunes, pelo apoio constante. Aos meus irmãos, Baldoíno, Maurício e Mário César. Aos colegas Alexandro M. Namem e José L. B. Coelho, pelo suporte fundamental na fase de campo. Aos informantes Xokleng pela confiança, paciência e prestatividade. v SUMÁRIO Lista de Tabelas........................................................................................p.xiii Lista de Figuras........................................................................................p.xiv Lista de Reduções....................................................................................p.xv Resumo......................................................................................................p.xvi Abstract......................................................................................................p.xix 1.- INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................p.1 1.1.- História, cultura e problemática do povo Xokleng.........................p.3 1.1.1.- Etnografia sobre os Xokleng da Terra Indígena Ibirama.............p.3 1.1.2.- História a partir do contato...........................................................p.5 1.1.3.- Relações com a FUNAI e ONGs..................................................p.13 1.1.4.- Atividades produtivas...................................................................p.15 1.1.4.1.- Coleta..................................................................................p.15 1.1.4.2.- Caça....................................................................................p.17 1.1.4.3.- Artesanato...........................................................................p.18 1.1.4.4.- Agricultura...........................................................................p.19 1.1.4.5.- Pecuária..............................................................................p.20 1.1.4.6.- Exploração madeireira........................................................p.21 1.1.5.- Histórico do uso de plantas medicinais pelos Xokleng................p.22 1.2.- A Etnobotânica e a prospecção da biodiversidade.......................p.23 1.3.- Justificativas para a realização desta pesquisa.............................p.26 1.4.- Objetivos............................................................................................p.28 vi 1.4.1.- Objetivos gerais..........................................................................p.28 1.4.2.- Objetivos específicos..................................................................p.28 1.5.- Limitações à realização da proposta.............................................p.29 1.5.1.- Trabalho de campo.....................................................................p.29 1.5.2.- Taxonomia vegetal.....................................................................p.31 1.5.3.- Indexação ..................................................................................p.34 2.- METODOLOGIA...................................................................................p.35 2.1.- Coleta de dados etnobotânicos..................................................p.35 2.2.- Pesquisas on-line.........................................................................p.35 2.2.1.- Bancos de dados do IPNI......................................................p.35 2.2.2.- Banco de artigos científicos do ISI........................................p.36 2.2.3.- Banco de monografias de patentes ISI-DERWENT..............p.37 3.- RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO.............................................................p.39 3.1.- O grupo das espécies exóticas...................................................p.40 3.1.1.- Achillea millefolium Linn. .........................................................p.48 3.1.2.- Ageratum conyzoides L. ..........................................................p.50 3.1.3.- Allium cepa L. ..........................................................................p.54 3.1.4.- Allium sativum Linn. ................................................................p.57 3.1.5.- Anethum graveolens L. ...........................................................p.61 3.1.6.- Artemisia absinthium L. ...........................................................p.64 3.1.7.- Carica papaya Linn. ................................................................p.66 3.1.8.- Cayaponia tayuya Cogn. ........................................................p.69 3.1.9.- Chenopodium ambrosioides L. ...............................................p.71 vii 3.1.10.- Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ......................................................p.73 3.1.11.- Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. ........................................................p.75 3.1.12.- Citrus sinensis Osbeck .........................................................p.78 3.1.13.- Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. ................................................p.82 3.1.14.- Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir.................................p.84 3.1.15.- Curcuma longa L...................................................................p.86 3.1.16.- Cymbopogon citratus Stapf ..................................................p.89 3.1.17.- Datura suaveolens Willd. ......................................................p.93 3.1.18.- Elephantopus mollis H. B. & K. .............................................p.95 3.1.19.- Eleusine indica Gaertn. .........................................................p.98 3.1.20.- Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. .......................................p.99 3.1.21.- Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. ..................................................p.102 3.1.22.- Foeniculum vulgare Mill. .......................................................p.104 3.1.23.- Hovenia dulcis Thunb. ..........................................................p.106 3.1.24.- Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ....................................................p.108 3.1.25.- Lantana camara L. ................................................................p.112 3.1.26.- Matricaria chamomilla L. .......................................................p.116 3.1.27.- Melissa officinalis L. ..............................................................p.119 3.1.28.- Mentha piperita L. .................................................................p.122 3.1.29.- Musa paradisiaca L. ..............................................................p.124 3.1.30.- Nasturtium officinale R.Br. ....................................................p.126 3.1.31.- Persea americana Mill. .........................................................p.128 3.1.32.- Petiveria alliacea Linn. ..........................................................p.131 viii 3.1.33.- Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. ................................................p.133 3.1.34.- Phyllanthus niruri Vell. ..........................................................p.135 3.1.35.- Plantago major L. ..................................................................p.139 3.1.36.- Plectranthus barbatus Andr. .................................................p.142 3.1.37.- Prunus persica (L.) Batsch ....................................................p.144 3.1.38.- Psidium guajava L. ................................................................p.145 3.1.39.- Ricinus communis L. .............................................................p.148 3.1.40.- Rosmarinus officinalis L. .......................................................p.151 3.1.41.- Ruta graveolens Linn. ...........................................................p.154 3.1.42.- Salvia officinalis Linn. ............................................................p.157 3.1.43.- Sambucus nigra L. ................................................................p.159 3.1.44.- Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. ....................................................p.162 3.1.45.- Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. ..............................................p.164 3.1.46.- Sonchus oleraceus L. .............................................................p.167 3.1.47.- Tanacetum parthenium Sch. Bip. ...........................................p.169 3.1.48.- Tanacetum vulgare L. .............................................................p.172 3.1.49.- Zea mays L. ............................................................................p.175
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