Peacebuilding

Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 Peacebuilding The creation of the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) in 2005 was the culmination of a long and contentious process. In this book Rob Jenkins provides a concise introduction that traces the origins and evolution of peacebuilding as a concept, the establishment and functioning of the PBC as an institution, and the complicated relationship between these two processes. Jenkins examines how continued contestation over what exactly peacebuilding is, and how its objectives could most effectively be achieved, influenced the institutional design of the UN’snew“peacebuilding architecture.” He then analyzes the roles that the organizations which com- prise this new architecture have carved out for themselves during their first years in existence. The book argues that the UN’sapproachtorebuild- ing war-torn states will continue to be profoundly influenced by persis- tent political faultlines between member states as well as institutional rivalries within the UN’s sprawling bureaucracy. The theory and practice of peacebuilding have assumed increasing importance over the last decade, and this work is essential reading for all students of conflict resolution, peace studies, and international relations. Rob Jenkins is Professor of Political Science at Hunter College and the Graduate Center at The City University of New York. Formerly Pro- fessor of Politics at the University of London, he has published widely Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 on Indian politics, movements for democratic accountability, and the politics of international economic and security assistance. Routledge Global Institutions Series Edited by Thomas G. Weiss The CUNY Graduate Center, New York, USA and Rorden Wilkinson University of Manchester, UK About the series The Global Institutions Series has two “streams.” Those with blue covers offer comprehensive, accessible, and informative guides to the history, structure, and activities of key international organizations, and intro- ductions to topics of key importance in contemporary global governance. Recognized experts use a similar structure to address the general purpose and rationale for specific organizations along with historical developments, membership, structure, decision-making procedures, key functions, and an annotated bibliography and guide to electronic sources. Those with red covers consist of research monographs and edited collec- tions that advance knowledge about one aspect of global governance; they reflect a wide variety of intellectual orientations, theoretical persua- sions, and methodological approaches. Together the two streams provide a coherent and complementary portrait of the problems, prospects, and possibilities confronting global institutions today. The most recent related titles in the series include: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2nd edition, 2012) by Gil Loescher, Alexander Betts, and James Milner The Responsibility to Protect (2011) edited by Rama Mani and Thomas G. Weiss Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 Humanitarianism Contested (2011) by Michael Barnett and Thomas G. Weiss Shaping the Humanitarian World (2009) by Peter Walker and Daniel G. Maxwell The International Committee of the Red Cross (2007) by David P. Forsythe and Barbara Ann Rieffer-Flanagan Peacebuilding From concept to commission Rob Jenkins Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 First published 2013 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 Rob Jenkins The right of Rob Jenkins to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Jenkins, Rob, 1965– Peacebuilding : from concept to commission / Rob Jenkins. p. cm. – (Routledge global institutions series) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. United Nations–Peacekeeping forces. 2. Peace-building–History. I. Title. JZ6374.J46 2012 341.5'84–dc23 2012019656 ISBN: 978-0-415-77643-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-77644-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-08105-1 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Taylor & Francis Books Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 Contents Foreword vi Acknowledgments ix List of abbreviations xi Introduction1 1 Peacebuilding: A contested and evolving concept 18 2 The UN peacebuilding architecture: Structure, mandate, and origins 44 3 Institutional survival: The peacebuilding architecture in action, 2006–08 74 4 Institutional revival: The peacebuilding architecture in action, 2008–10 108 5 Conclusion 135 Notes 149 Bibliography 177 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 Index 188 Foreword The current volume is the seventy-second title in a dynamic series on global institutions. These books provide readers with definitive guides to the most visible aspects of what many of us know as “global governance.” Remarkable as it may seem, there exist relatively few books that offer in-depth treatments of prominent global bodies, processes, and asso- ciated issues, much less an entire series of concise and complementary volumes. Those that do exist are either out of date, inaccessible to the non-specialist reader, or seek to develop a specialized understanding of particular aspects of an institution or process rather than offer an over- all account of its functioning and situate it within the increasingly dense global institutional network. Similarly, existing books have often been written in highly technical language or have been crafted “in-house” and are notoriously self-serving and narrow. The advent of electronic media has undoubtedly helped research and teaching by making data and primary documents of international organizations more widely available, but it has complicated matters as well. The growing reliance on the Internet and other electronic methods of finding information about key international organizations and processes has served, ironically, to limit the educational and analytical materials to which most readers have ready access—namely, books. Public relations documents, raw data, and loosely refereed websites do not make for intelligent analysis. Official publications compete with a vast amount Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 of electronically available information, much of which is suspect because of its ideological or self-promoting slant. Paradoxically, a growing range of purportedly independent websites offering analyses of the activities of particular organizations has emerged, but one inadvertent consequence has been to frustrate access to basic, authoritative, read- able, critical, and well-researched texts. The market for such resources has actually been reduced by the ready availability of often poor-quality electronic materials. Foreword vii For those of us who teach, research, and operate in the area, such restricted access to information and analyses has been frustrating. We were delighted when Routledge saw the value of a series that bucks this trend and provides key reference points to the most significant global institutions and issues. They are betting that serious students and pro- fessionals will want serious analyses. We have assembled a first-rate team of authors to address that market. Our intention is to provide one-stop shopping for all readers—students (both undergraduate and postgraduate), negotiators, diplomats, practitioners from nongovernmental and inter- governmental organizations, and interested parties alike—seeking insights into the most prominent institutional aspects of global governance. Peacebuilding What should be done when the dust of conflict has settled? Answering that question has become arguably the most essential challenge facing the UN system in the aftermath of the Cold War. The growth in civil wars and the challenges facing war-torn societies have figured prominently in a host of volumes in this series precisely because picking up the pieces after war has become the growth industry in the United Nations’ conflict business. Indeed, even a RAND Corporation study has demon- strated that the UN is better able to re-knit societies than the US military and government.1 Many of the topics that arise in the margins of this book—from Security Council priorities to the shape of humanitarian responses to contemporary wars—are also topics for detailed analyses elsewhere in the series.2 Among the few concrete decisions3 agreed at the UN 2005 World Summit was the creation of the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) and, subsequently, the Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO). As the theory and practice of peacebuilding assumed increasing importance over the last decade,

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