DOCSLIB.ORG

La Jornada De La Reina Mariana De Austria a España: Divergencias Políticas Y Tensión Protocolar En El Seno De La Casa De Austria (1648-1649)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
La Jornada De La Reina Mariana De Austria a España: Divergencias Políticas Y Tensión Protocolar En El Seno De La Casa De Austria (1648-1649) HISPANIA. Revista Española de Historia, 2011, vol. LXXI, núm. 239, septiembre-diciembre, págs. 639-664, ISSN: 0018-2141 LA JORNADA DE LA REINA MARIANA DE AUSTRIA A ESPAÑA: DIVERGENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y TENSIÓN PROTOCOLAR EN EL SENO DE LA CASA DE AUSTRIA (1648-1649) LUIS TERCERO CASADO Universität Wien RESUMEN: El aislamiento de España al término de la Guerra de los Treinta Años, tras la firma por separado del Imperio con Francia y Suecia durante la Paz de Westfalia en 1648, desató un corto pero intenso torbellino político entre ambas líneas de los Austrias. Pese a haber quedado asegurado el enlace entre Felipe IV y Mariana de Austria, la jornada de la nueva soberana hacia España puso de relieve el fracaso del plan de boda entre la infanta María Teresa y el hijo del emperador, el rey de Hungría, Fernando. En este contexto, el transcurso del viaje acentuó de manera vi- sible las tensiones entre las dos potencias europeas. PALABRAS CLAVE: Siglo XVII. Paz de Westfalia. Casa de Austria. Felipe IV. Fernando III. Mariana de Austria. España. Sacro Imperio. Viena. Protocolo. QUEEN MARIANA OF AUSTRIA'S JOURNEY TO SPAIN: POLITICAL DIVERGENCES AND PROTOCOL TENSIONS WITHIN THE HOUSE OF HABSBURG (1648-1649) ** ABSTRACT: Spain’s isolation at the end of the Thirty Year’s War due to the Empire’s separate signature with France and Sweden in the Peace of Westphalia unleashed brief but intense political turmoil between the two Habsburg branches. Although Philip IV and Mariana of Austria’s marriage was ensured, the new Queen’s journey to Spain brought attention to the failure of another engagement between her brother and Emperor’s son, the King of Hungary Ferdinand, and the Infanta Maria Theresa. Given such context, the trip undoubtedly emphasized the tensions between both European powers. KEY WORDS: Seventeenth Century. Peace of Westphalia. Habsburgs. Philip IV. Ferdinand III. Mariana of Austria. Spain. Holy Roman Empire. Vienna. Protocol. ———— * Luis Tercero Casado es doctorando en la Universität Wien. Dirección para correspondencia: Karl- Heinz-Strasse 67/11/54, 1230 Wien, Austria. Correo electrónico: [email protected]. ** Nota del editor: Debido a una errata de imprenta, en la edición impresa de este artículo la traducción inglesa del título es incorrecta, y debe ser sustituida por la que figura en esta versión electrónica. (12 marzo 2012) 640 LUIS TERCERO CASADO El 15 de noviembre de 1649 hizo su entrada en Madrid la reina Mariana de Austria, segunda esposa de Felipe IV, tras un largo y azaroso viaje desde Viena. La expectación con que el pueblo acogió a su nueva soberana podía palparse en la atmósfera festiva. Si bien las celebraciones habían comenzado mucho antes de su llegada1, estas culminaron con el ansiado recibimiento de la nueva sobe- rana en un escenario donde no se habían escatimado espectáculos, tanto para la corte como para el pueblo. Sin embargo, entre el júbilo de los festejos apenas quedó resquicio para recordar todo lo recorrido en pos del viaje realizado —de poco más de un año de duración por tierra y mar— hacia su nueva patria. Ine- vitablemente, los planes para la jornada toparon con variados e inesperados baches. A pesar de la enmarañada situación en que se habían visto envueltas las relaciones dinásticas entre Madrid y Viena a causa de la conmoción provocada en el gobierno español por la exclusión de Felipe IV de la Paz de Westfalia2, se había decidido seguir adelante con lo convenido en lo referente al matrimonio entre el Rey Católico y su sobrina, e hija del emperador, la archiduquesa Ma- riana. Lejos de suponer un mero trámite entre ambas cortes, el viaje hacia Es- paña fue aprovechado por Viena como una ocasión para intentar relanzar las relaciones de las dos ramas habsbúrgicas con vistas a reforzar la descendencia austriaca y, sobre todo, a hacerse con la herencia de la Monarquía Hispánica3. No obstante, este designio, en el que el emperador y sobre todo su hijo, el rey de Hungría y archiduque Fernando, habían puesto todas sus esperanzas y anhelos, fue rechazado reiteradamente por la corte madrileña. ¿A qué se debió esta in- amovible postura del Consejo de Estado? El fin de este trabajo será el de intentar dar respuesta a tal cuestión. Este ensayo cuenta ciertamente con otros preceden- tes que, sin embargo, se han centrado más en aspectos festivos y de representa- ción y no han prestado la necesaria atención a la relevancia política de esta jorna- da en el marco más amplio de la política europea4. Por ello, nuestro objetivo es ———— 1 MALCOLM, A., «Spanish queens and aristocratic women at the court of Madrid, 1598- 1665», Studies on medieval and early modern women, 4 (2005), págs. 175-176. 2 De entre las obras más completas respecto al tema, se halla la de DICKMANN, F., Der Westfälische Friede, Münster, Aschendorff, 1998, y DUCHHARDT, H. (ed.), Der Westfälische Friede. Diplomatie – politische Zäsur – kulturelles Umfeld – Rezeptionsgeschichte, Múnich, Oldenbourg, 1998. Asimismo, Peter H. Wilson ha dedicado recientemente un espacio a los tratados mediante una cuidada revisión historiográfica en su obra Europe’s Tragedy. A History of the Thirty Years War, Londres, Allen Lane, 2009, págs. 751-778. 3 MECENSEFFY, G., «Habsburger im 17. Jahrhundert. Die Beziehungen der Höfe von Wien und Madrid während des Dreißigjährigen Krieges», Archiv für österreichische Geschichte, 121 (1955), pág. 90. 4 Véase VAREY, J. E. y SALAZAR, A. M., «Calderón and the Royal Entry of 1649», Hispanic Review, 34 (1966), págs. 1-26; SÁENZ DE MIERA, C., «Entrada triunfal de la reina Mariana de Austria en Madrid el día 15 de noviembre de 1649», Anales del Instituto de Estudios Madrileños, 23 (1986), págs. 167-174; CHAVES MONTOYA, T., «La entrada de Mariana de Austria en 1649», en SOMMER-MATHIS, A. (coord.), El teatro descubre América: fiestas y teatro en la Casa de Austria (1492- 1700), Madrid, Fundación Cultural Mapfre, 1992, págs. 73-94 e ídem, «La conquista del Viejo Hispania, 2011, vol. LXXI, n.º 239, septiembre-diciembre, 639-664, ISSN: 0018-2141 LA JORNADA DE LA REINA MARIANA DE AUSTRIA A ESPAÑA: DIVERGENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y TENSIÓN... 641 dar respuesta a esta cuestión mediante un análisis tanto de los orígenes del viaje como de los enfrentamientos surgidos durante el mismo, los cuales pusie- ron a prueba la salud de los vínculos en el seno de la Casa de Austria. EL PROYECTO DE BODA Y LA PLANIFICACIÓN DEL VIAJE Las negociaciones matrimoniales estuvieron precedidas por unos planes di- señados por ambas cortes, radicalmente distintos en origen, que se remontaban a más de tres años atrás. A finales de 1646, el valido don Luis de Haro expresó al monarca la urgente necesidad de que el heredero, el príncipe Baltasar Carlos, contrajese matrimonio. Se quería asegurar la descendencia masculina para la rama hispana de los Habsburgo y evitar que tal derecho recayese en la infanta María Teresa5. La candidata elegida sería sin lugar a dudas un miembro de la otra rama, dado que ambas familias eran partidarias de proseguir con la políti- ca dinástica de enlaces intrafamiliares como medida para reforzar los lazos co- munes, factor tenido como indispensable para la consecución de estrategias comunes. Pese a los contactos diplomáticos encaminados a esta misión, el plan quedó truncado con la muerte —el 9 de octubre del mismo año— del joven heredero a causa de una viruela contraída durante un viaje a Zaragoza6. Aun- que tal infortunio supuso un duro golpe para Felipe IV, este no dudó en ofre- cerse como esposo para satisfacer las razones de Estado. La iniciativa de proponer el casamiento entre tío y sobrina había germinado aparentemente del lado austriaco. Según nos informa en su diario del viaje el capellán mayor de la reina durante la jornada, Jerónimo de Mascareñas7, la ———— Mundo: “América” recibe a Mariana de Austria (1649)», en KRÖMER, W. (ed.), 1492-1992: Spanien, Österreich und Iberoamerika. Akten des Siebten Spanisch-Österreichischen Symposions, 16.-21. März 1992 in Innsbruck, Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft, Innsbruck, Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, 1993, págs. 51-65; ZAPATA FERNÁNDEZ DE LA HOZ, M.ª T., «La entrada en la Corte de Mariana de Austria. Fuentes literarias e iconográficas», en ídem, NAVARRETE PRIETO, B. y MARTÍNEZ RIPOLL, A. (eds.), Fuentes y modelos de la pintura barroca madrileña, Madrid, Arco Libros, 2009, págs. 105-204. Asimismo, una obra reciente ha dado cuenta de la decoración de las galerías del Palacio Real de Nápoles, dedicada parcialmente al paso de Mariana por Italia, que contribuye con una enriquecedora información visual sobre los integrantes del viaje. Véase: PALOS, J. L., «Imagen recortada sobre fondo de púrpura y negro. La reina Mariana de Austria y el virrey de Nápoles», en ídem y CARRIÓ-INVERNIZZI, D. (coords.), La historia imaginada. Construcciones visuales del pasado en la Edad Moderna, Madrid, Centro de Estudios Europa Hispánica, 2008, págs. 121-152. 5 LÓPEZ-CORDÓN, M.ª V. «La paz oculta: propaganda, información y política en torno a Westfalia», Pedralbes, 19 (1999), pág. 90. 6 Sobre este hecho, véase: MAISO GONZÁLEZ, J., «Baltasar Carlos y Zaragoza», Cuadernos de investigación: Geografía e historia, tomo I, fasc. 2 (1975), págs. 95-100. 7 Este constaba como uno de los exiliados portugueses más relevantes en la corte de Felipe IV, cuyo manifiesto más notable a favor de la Casa de Austria lo constituye su obra Viage de la Serenissima Reyna María Ana de Austria, Segunda Muger de Don Phelipe Quarto, deste nombre Rey Hispania, 2011, vol. LXXI, n.º 239, septiembre-diciembre, 635-660, ISSN: 0018-2141 642 LUIS TERCERO CASADO idea surgió del embajador imperial en Madrid, Francesco Antonio del Carretto, marqués de Grana8. Este aconsejó al rey, tres días después del fallecimiento, el tomar a la novia vacante como esposa9.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Isabel Clara Eugenia and Peter Paul Rubens’S the Triumph of the Eucharist Tapestry Series
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: PIETY, POLITICS, AND PATRONAGE: ISABEL CLARA EUGENIA AND PETER PAUL RUBENS’S THE TRIUMPH OF THE EUCHARIST TAPESTRY SERIES Alexandra Billington Libby, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Directed By: Professor Arthur K. Wheelock, Jr., Department of Art History and Archeology This dissertation explores the circumstances that inspired the Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia, Princess of Spain, Archduchess of Austria, and Governess General of the Southern Netherlands to commission Peter Paul Rubens’s The Triumph of the Eucharist tapestry series for the Madrid convent of the Descalzas Reales. It traces the commission of the twenty large-scale tapestries that comprise the series to the aftermath of an important victory of the Infanta’s army over the Dutch in the town of Breda. Relying on contemporary literature, studies of the Infanta’s upbringing, and the tapestries themselves, it argues that the cycle was likely conceived as an ex-voto, or gift of thanks to God for the military triumph. In my discussion, I highlight previously unrecognized temporal and thematic connections between Isabel’s many other gestures of thanks in the wake of the victory and The Triumph of the Eucharist series. I further show how Rubens invested the tapestries with imagery and a conceptual conceit that celebrated the Eucharist in ways that symbolically evoked the triumph at Breda. My study also explores the motivations behind Isabel’s decision to give the series to the Descalzas Reales. It discusses how as an ex-voto, the tapestries implicitly credited her for the triumph and, thereby, affirmed her terrestrial authority. Drawing on the history of the convent and its use by the king of Spain as both a religious and political dynastic center, it shows that the series was not only a gift to the convent, but also a gift to the king, a man with whom the Infanta had developed a tense relationship over the question of her political autonomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Portraits of Children at the Spanish Court in the Seventeenth Century: the Infanta Margarita and the Young King Carlos II
    Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies Journal of the Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies Volume 35 | Issue 1 Article 3 2011 Portraits of Children at the Spanish Court in the Seventeenth Century: The nfI anta Margarita and the Young King Carlos II Mercedes Llorente University College London, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.asphs.net/bsphs Recommended Citation Llorente, Mercedes (2011) "Portraits of Children at the Spanish Court in the Seventeenth Century: The nfaI nta Margarita and the Young King Carlos II," Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies: Vol. 35 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. https://doi.org/10.26431/0739-182X.1004 Available at: https://digitalcommons.asphs.net/bsphs/vol35/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies by an authorized editor of Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Portraits of Children at the Spanish Court in the Seventeenth Century: The nfI anta Margarita and the Young King Carlos II Cover Page Footnote I thank you the Kress Foundation for giving me an award to attend the 98th CAA Annual Conference in Chicago, February 10-13, 2010. Part of this article was presented on Friday 12, at the session The orP trait in Golden-Age Spain: Expanding the Frame. I would like to thank the chair of the session Laura R. Bass & Tanya J. Tiffany.
    [Show full text]
  • Ann-Kathrin Deininger and Jasmin Leuchtenberg
    STRATEGIC IMAGINATIONS Women and the Gender of Sovereignty in European Culture STRATEGIC IMAGINATIONS WOMEN AND THE GENDER OF SOVEREIGNTY IN EUROPEAN CULTURE EDITED BY ANKE GILLEIR AND AUDE DEFURNE Leuven University Press This book was published with the support of KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access Published in 2020 by Leuven University Press / Presses Universitaires de Louvain / Universitaire Pers Leuven. Minderbroedersstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium). Selection and editorial matter © Anke Gilleir and Aude Defurne, 2020 Individual chapters © The respective authors, 2020 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative 4.0 Licence. Attribution should include the following information: Anke Gilleir and Aude Defurne (eds.), Strategic Imaginations: Women and the Gender of Sovereignty in European Culture. Leuven, Leuven University Press. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ISBN 978 94 6270 247 9 (Paperback) ISBN 978 94 6166 350 4 (ePDF) ISBN 978 94 6166 351 1 (ePUB) https://doi.org/10.11116/9789461663504 D/2020/1869/55 NUR: 694 Layout: Coco Bookmedia, Amersfoort Cover design: Daniel Benneworth-Gray Cover illustration: Marcel Dzama The queen [La reina], 2011 Polyester resin, fiberglass, plaster, steel, and motor 104 1/2 x 38 inches 265.4 x 96.5 cm © Marcel Dzama. Courtesy the artist and David Zwirner TABLE OF CONTENTS ON GENDER, SOVEREIGNTY AND IMAGINATION 7 An Introduction Anke Gilleir PART 1: REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE SOVEREIGNTY 27 CAMILLA AND CANDACIS 29 Literary Imaginations of Female Sovereignty in German Romances
    [Show full text]
  • Programa.Pdf
    Wednesday, September 13th 2017. Salón de Actos: 9:00-10:00 Presentation: Kings & Queens 6: At the Shadow of the Throne Announcement of the winners of the second edition of the prizes given by the Royal Studies Journal and Christ Church Canterbury University. Announcement of the next Kings & Queens congress Keynote Opening Lecture given by Luis Antonio Ribot García (Royal Academy of History of Spain/UNED). 10:00-10:30-Break Salón de Actos Sala A Sala B Aula 331 10:30-12:00 At the shadow of the French and The Long Shadow of Ancient Sources and The court of Portugal at navarrese thrones: political the Throne: Managing the study of royal the end of the Medieval influence of consorts, princesses the Wider Dynastic power. Age. and princes. Network in the Seventeenth Century. Chair: Kristin Bourassa Chair: María Barreto Chair: Zita Rohr (University of South (University of Southern Dávila (CHAM). Wales, Sydney). Chair: Julio Arroyo Denmark). Vozmediano (UNED. -André Madruga Coelho -Eleonora Belligni (Università degli -Aleksandra Kleczar (CIDEHUS, University of Studi of Turin): King’s daughter and -Jonathan Spangler (Institute of Classical Évora): “From “sustainer of reformers”: The (Manchester University): Philology, Jagiellonian princedom to kingship: troubled life of Renée de France”. “Don’t forget me! The University): the dukes of Beja in the Courtenays emerge from “Philobasileus and context of the -Elena Woodacre (Winchester the shadows and demand Philalexandros. Craterus Portuguese late Medieval University): Carlos de Beaumont: in recognition as cousins of and Hephaestion in Monarchy (1453-1495). the shadow or shadowing Joan of Louis XIV , princes of his ancient sources”.
    [Show full text]
  • Broken Bodies at Play: Physical Comedy and Ironic Bodies in Heinrich Von Kleist’S Dramas
    BROKEN BODIES AT PLAY: PHYSICAL COMEDY AND IRONIC BODIES IN HEINRICH VON KLEIST’S DRAMAS by Christina Hinz A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland July 2020 © 2020 Christina Hinz All Rights Reserved Abstract The present dissertation examines broken bodies in the plays of the German dramatist Heinrich von Kleist, applying a particular focus on the movements, gestures and, most importantly, fractures and injuries of these bodies to propose their fragmentation and brokenness as a form of physical comedy and a unique conceptualization of corporeal irony. Three plays, Das Käthchen von Heilbronn, Der zerbrochne Krug and Penthesilea, exemplify Kleist’s distinctive use of organic and inorganic broken bodies as vehicles for the representation and performance of both ironic and comic effects. The approach adopted here is mostly informed by literary theory, literary aesthetics, theories of laughter and the comic, profiting mainly from the formulations of Paul de Man, Friedrich Schlegel, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Schiller. Putting these theories into dialogue with Kleist’s plays, I argue that he creates his own often complex form of physical comedy, achieved through the fractures, movements and appearances of the bodies, and invents an equally complex form of materialized bodily irony that lies outside the understanding of irony as a rhetorical device. I further contend that the representations and performances of Kleist’s broken bodies challenge theoretical and conceptual frameworks of this time, as detailed in the central three chapters. Adam and the titular pitcher are two broken bodies that critique dysfunctional power structures, while Käthchen’s leap from her window, fracturing her own legs, weighs in on contemporaneous ideals of femininity.
    [Show full text]
  • Congreso Kings and Queen.Pdf
    Wednesday, September 13th 2017. Salón de Actos: 9:00-10:00 Presentation: Kings & Queens 6: At the Shadow of the Throne Announcement of the winners of the second edition of the prizes given by the Royal Studies Journal and Christ Church Canterbury University. Announcement of the next Kings & Queens congress Keynote Opening Lecture given by Luis Antonio Ribot García (Royal Academy of History of Spain/UNED). 10:00-10:30-Break Salón de Actos Sala A Sala B Aula 331 10:30-12:00 At the shadow of the French and The Long Shadow of Ancient Sources and The court of Portugal at navarrese thrones: political the Throne: Managing the study of royal the end of the Medieval influence of consorts, princesses the Wider Dynastic power. Age. and princes. Network in the Seventeenth Century. Chair: Kristin Bourassa Chair: María Barreto Chair: Zita Rohr (Macquarie (University of Southern Dávila (CHAM). University, Sydney). Chair: Julio Arroyo Denmark). Vozmediano (UNED. -André Madruga Coelho -Eleonora Belligni (Università degli -Aleksandra Kleczar (CIDEHUS, University of Studi of Turin): King’s daughter and -Jonathan Spangler (Institute of Classical Évora): “From “sustainer of reformers”: The (Manchester University): Philology, Jagiellonian princedom to kingship: troubled life of Renée de France”. “Don’t forget me! The University): the dukes of Beja in the Courtenays emerge from “Philobasileus and context of the -Elena Woodacre (Winchester the shadows and demand Philalexandros. Craterus Portuguese late Medieval University): Carlos de Beaumont: in recognition as cousins of and Hephaestion in Monarchy (1453-1495). the shadow or shadowing Joan of Louis XIV , princes of his ancient sources”.
    [Show full text]
  • Mazo's 'Queen Mariana of Spain in Mourning'
    National Gallery Technical Bulletin Volume 26, 2005 National Gallery Company London Distributed by Yale University Press Series editor Ashok Roy © National Gallery Company Limited 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. First published in Great Britain in 2005 by National Gallery Company Limited St Vincent House, 30 Orange Street London wc2h 7hh www.nationalgallery.co.uk British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this journal is available from the British Library isbn 1 85709 341 0 issn 0140 7430 525046 Publisher Kate Bell Project manager Jan Green Editor Diana Davies Designer Tim Harvey Picture research Xenia Corcoran and Kim Klehmet Production Jane Hyne and Penny Le Tissier Printed in Italy by Conti Tipocolor front cover Rubens, The Judgement of Paris (NG 194), detail of plate 1, page 4. title page Joachim Beuckelaer, The Four Elements: Air (NG 6587), detail of serving girl. Mazo’s Queen Mariana of Spain in Mourning paul ackroyd, dawson carr and marika spring he artistic personality of Juan Bautista his new son-in-law to his former position of Usher TMartínez del Mazo (1611–1667) is obscured by of the Chamber, the first of a series of appoint- the shadow of his father-in-law and master, Diego ments that ensured Mazo’s social standing at court. Velázquez (1599–1660).1 For most of his career, This was ultimately measured by the extent of a Mazo’s chief responsibility was to emulate courtier’s access to members of the royal family, and Velázquez’s style as closely as possible in copies and in 1643 Mazo was honoured with the appointment adaptations of portraits, principally of Philip IV of Painter to the Infante Baltasar Carlos and his immediate family.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Decline” of Spain in the Seventeenth Century
    Gale Primary Sources Start at the source. The “Decline” of Spain in the Seventeenth Century Dr Christopher Storrs University of Dundee Various source media, State Papers Online EMPOWER™ RESEARCH One of the most striking phenomena of the early suppress the Dutch Revolt in the Low Countries, Philip modern period was the rise and then the decline of IV (1621–65) acknowledged the independence at last of Spain between the late fifteenth and the late the Dutch Republic; in 1655, the English admiral Blake seventeenth centuries. Spain's rise to be a European seized the island of Jamaica; while further losses were and global power began with the marriage (1469) of sustained inside and outside Europe in the following queen Isabel of Castile (1474–1504) and king Ferdinand decades. of Aragon (1479–1516), whose realm included Aragon The rise and apparent decline of Spain can be pursued proper, Valencia and Catalonia. They not only united in the State Papers (mainly in series SP 94), drawing "Spain" by bringing together, very loosely, these above all on the despatches of successive English disparate territories, but they also conquered the last diplomats resident (often for long periods) at the Islamic realm (Granada) in Iberia, supported Columbus' Spanish Court. Unfortunately, these records do not Atlantic voyages, and extended Spanish dominion in cover the whole of the period, reflecting the fact that for north Africa and Italy. In 1516, this inheritance passed years at a time diplomatic relations were broken off; to their grandson, the Habsburg Charles I of Spain most obviously in wartime. It also has to be said that (1516–56), the future Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V.
    [Show full text]
  • Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain
    2021 VIII Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain Silvia Z. Mitchell University Park: The Pennsylvania State University, 2019 Review by: Charles Beem Review: Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain, by Silvia Z. Mitchell. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019. ISBN 978-0-271- 08339-1. xi + 293 pp. $84.95. he author of this review wishes he had read this book prior to the publication of his recent survey on early modern European queenship, which presents a less than positive assessment of Queen Mariana of Spain’s late seventeenth T century regency for the underage Carlos II (r. 1665-1700). Mea culpa. Silvia Z. Mitchell rescues Mariana, consort of Philip IV of Spain (r. 1621-1665), from the trash heap of historical mediocrities to offer a well-researched and argued revisionist history of Spain’s sole female regent of the early modern era. Shaking a historical reputation for mediocrity is always an uphill battle, especially for feminist scholars who write about female rulers, as recent scholars have done for Mary I of England, by bringing documentary evidence of “competence” to bear in critical assessments of “traditional” political narratives emphasizing Mary’s lack of political acumen. Utilizing a similar methodology, Mitchell takes a sledgehammer to the interpretation that Mariana was a “passive victim of headstrong political winds,” or an incompetent figurehead for the Junta de Gobierno, the regency council devised by Philip IV. In doing so, Mitchell challenges longstanding seventeenth century Spanish historiographical certainties regarding Mariana’s political naivete, arguing that she was an “active historical agent” who developed “strategies to shape her regime” (54).
    [Show full text]
  • Before Photography
    Before Photography- Part 1 Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez By Mario Sarra A few facts about Velázquez: -was born in Sevilla in 1599 -worked as an apprentice at the workshop of Francisco Pacheco -in 1619 Married Pacheco’s daughter -in 1623 was appointed court painter in Madrid after painting a portrait of the king -1629 traveled to Italy where he studied Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian -1631 appointed palace superintendent -1652 appointed palace chamberlain -1659 Invested Knight of the Order of Saint James Whom or what did Velázquez paint? Everyday People… El vendedor de agua de Sevilla The Waterseller of Seville, c 1618-22, 2 of 3 versions shown Left: Apslet House, London Above: Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, each 41 x 31 inches La vieja friendo huevos Old Women Frying Eggs, 1618, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, 39 x 67 inches El almuerzo Peasants at the Table, c 1620, Museum Of Fine Arts, Budapest, Hungary, 44 x 38 inches Everyday people... Visited by mythological figures Los borrachos (el triunfo de Baco) The Drunkards (The Triumph of Bacchus), 1628, Museo del Prado, Madrid, 65 x 89 inches Painted for King Philip IV for 100 ducats. Las hilanderas (The Fable of Arachne) 1697, Museo del Prado, Madrid, 66 x 99 inches Painted for Don Pedro de Arce as gift to Philip IV. Apolo en la fragua de volcano Apollo in the Forge of Vulcan, 1630, Museo del Prado, Madrid, 88 x 144 inches Myth by Themselves La Venus del espejo Venus at her Mirror (Rokeby Venus), c 1647-1651 National Gallery, London, 48 x 70 inches Painted while in Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae September 24, 2020
    SILVIA Z. MITCHELL Curriculum Vitae September 24, 2020 Purdue University, Department of History 672 Oval Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907 765-421-2908 [email protected] Personal website: www.silviamitchell.com Academic Appointments August 2020-Present Associate Professor of Early Modern European History, Purdue University August 2013-2020 Assistant Professor of Early Modern European History, Purdue University Affiliated Faculty in: Medieval and Renaissance Studies Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Latin America and Latino Studies Education May 2013 Ph.D., Department of History, University of Miami Dissertation title: “Mariana of Austria and Imperial Spain: Court, Dynastic, and International Politics in Seventeenth-Century Europe” Advisor: Professor Guido Ruggiero Committee members: Mary Lindemann, Hugh Thomas, Anne J. Cruz (Spanish Literature), Noble David Cook (outside reader) May 2006 M.A., European History, Florida International University Master’s Thesis, “A Favorite of a Favorite in the Court of Philip III of Spain (1598- 1621): The Textual Representation of Rodrigo Calderón’s Privanza and Death” Thesis Awarded Distinction. August 2001 B.A., Liberal Studies, Florida International University Summa cum Laude, Phi Beta Kapa Publications Book Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain. Penn State University Press, 2019. S. Z. Mitchell CV Page 1 of 12 Highly Commended with Jury’s Congratulations in the Biennial Royal Studies Journal in Association with the University of Winchester 2020 Book Prize Competition. Edited Work Guest editor of a Special Issue, “The Spanish Habsburg Court during the Reign of Carlos II,” The Court Historian: The International Journal of Court Studies vol. 23 n. 2 (December 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Renaissance Quarterly Books Received January–March 2014
    Renaissance Quarterly Books Received January–March 2014 Austen, Katherine. Book M: A London Widow’s Life Writings. Ed. Pamela S. Hammons. The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe: The Toronto Series 26. Toronto: Iter Inc. and Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2013. xiii + 216 pp. $21.50. ISBN: 978-0-7727-2150-1. Bailey, Mark. Decline of Serfdom in Late Medieval England: From Bondage to Freedom. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2014. xii + 374 pp. $99. ISBN: 978-1-84383-890-6. Barber, Richard W. Edward III and the Triumph of England: The Battle of Crécy and the Company of the Garter. London: Allen Lane, 2013. xxi + 650 pp. + 8 color pls. £30. ISBN: 978- 0-713-99838-2. Barral-Baron, Marie. L’enfer d’Érasme: L’humaniste chrétien face à l’histoire. Travaux d’Humanism et Renaissance 523. Geneva: Librairie Droz, 2014. 752 pp. $122.40. ISBN: 978-2- 600-01645-2. Batchelor, Robert K. London: The Selden Map and the Making of a Global City, 1549–1689. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2014. vi + 334 pp. $45. ISBN: 978-0-226-08065-9. Ba tschmann, Oskar, and Pascal Griener. Hans Holbein: Revised and Expanded Second Edition. London: Reaktion Books, 2014. 406 pp. £17.95. ISBN: 978-1-78023-1711-6. Bearbeitet von Antenhofer, Christina, Axel Behne, Daniela Ferrari, Jürgen Herold, and Peter Rückert, eds. Barbara Gonzaga: Die Briefe/Le Lettere (1455–1508). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2013. 492 pp. €49. ISBN: 978-3-17-023381-2. Betteridge, Thomas. Writing Faith and Telling Tales: Literature, Politics, and Religion in the Work of Thomas More.
    [Show full text]