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Meet the Gilded Lady 2 Mummies Now Open
Member Magazine Spring 2017 Vol. 42 No. 2 Mummies meet the gilded lady 2 mummies now open Seeing Inside Today, computerized inside of mummies, revealing CT scans of the Gilded Lady tomography (CT) scanning details about the person’s reveal that she was probably offers researchers glimpses age, appearance, and health. in her forties. They also suggest of mummified individuals “Scans like these are noninvasive, that she may have suffered like never before. By combining they’re repeatable, and they from tuberculosis, a common thousands of cross-sectioned can be done without damaging disease at the time. x-ray images, CT scans let the history that we’re trying researchers examine the to understand,” Thomas says. Mummy #30007, known as the Gilded Lady, is one of the most beautifully preserved mummies from The Field Museum’s collection, and one of 19 now on view in the special exhibition Mummies. For decades, keeping mummies like this one well preserved also meant severely limiting the ability of researchers to study them. The result is that little was known about the Gilded Lady beyond what could be gleaned from the mummy’s exterior, with its intricate linen bindings, gilded headdress, and painted facial features. Exterior details do offer some clues. The mummy dates from 30 BC–AD 395, a period when Egypt was a province of the Roman Empire. While the practice of mummification endured in Egypt, it was being transformed by Roman influences. Before the Roman era, for example, mummies had been placed in wooden coffins, while the Gilded Lady is preserved in only linen wrappings and cartonnage, a papier mâché-like material. -
Place Names Describing Fossils in Oral Traditions
Place names describing fossils in oral traditions ADRIENNE MAYOR Classics Department, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305 (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Folk explanations of notable geological features, including fossils, are found around the world. Observations of fossil exposures (bones, footprints, etc.) led to place names for rivers, mountains, valleys, mounds, caves, springs, tracks, and other geological and palaeonto- logical sites. Some names describe prehistoric remains and/or refer to traditional interpretations of fossils. This paper presents case studies of fossil-related place names in ancient and modern Europe and China, and Native American examples in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Evidence for the earliest known fossil-related place names comes from ancient Greco-Roman and Chinese literature. The earliest documented fossil-related place name in the New World was preserved in a written text by the Spanish in the sixteenth century. In many instances, fossil geonames are purely descriptive; in others, however, the mythology about a specific fossil locality survives along with the name; in still other cases the geomythology is suggested by recorded traditions about similar palaeontological phenomena. The antiquity and continuity of some fossil-related place names shows that people had observed and speculated about miner- alized traces of extinct life forms long before modern scientific investigations. Traditional place names can reveal heretofore unknown geomyths as well as new geologically-important sites. Traditional folk names for geological features in the Named fossil sites in classical antiquity landscape commonly refer to mythological or and modern Greece legendary stories that accounted for them (Vitaliano 1973). Landmarks notable for conspicuous fossils Evidence for the practice of naming specific fossil have been named descriptively or mythologically locales can be found in classical antiquity. -
Mesozoic Marine Reptile Palaeobiogeography in Response to Drifting Plates
ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates N. Bardet, J. Falconnet, V. Fischer, A. Houssaye, S. Jouve, X. Pereda Suberbiola, A. P´erez-Garc´ıa, J.-C. Rage, P. Vincent PII: S1342-937X(14)00183-X DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 Reference: GR 1267 To appear in: Gondwana Research Received date: 19 November 2013 Revised date: 6 May 2014 Accepted date: 14 May 2014 Please cite this article as: Bardet, N., Falconnet, J., Fischer, V., Houssaye, A., Jouve, S., Pereda Suberbiola, X., P´erez-Garc´ıa, A., Rage, J.-C., Vincent, P., Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates, Gondwana Research (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates To Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Bardet N.a*, Falconnet J. a, Fischer V.b, Houssaye A.c, Jouve S.d, Pereda Suberbiola X.e, Pérez-García A.f, Rage J.-C.a and Vincent P.a,g a Sorbonne Universités CR2P, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, -
Macropredatory Ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the Origin of Modern Trophic Networks
Macropredatory ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the origin of modern trophic networks Nadia B. Fröbischa,1, Jörg Fröbischa,1, P. Martin Sanderb,1,2, Lars Schmitzc,1,2,3, and Olivier Rieppeld aMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; bSteinmann Institute of Geology, Mineralogy, and Paleontology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; cDepartment of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and dDepartment of Geology, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605 Edited by Neil H. Shubin, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved December 5, 2012 (received for review October 8, 2012) The biotic recovery from Earth’s most severe extinction event at the Holotype and Only Specimen. The Field Museum of Natural His- Permian-Triassic boundary largely reestablished the preextinction tory (FMNH) contains specimen PR 3032, a partial skeleton structure of marine trophic networks, with marine reptiles assuming including most of the skull (Fig. 1) and axial skeleton, parts of the predator roles. However, the highest trophic level of today’s the pelvic girdle, and parts of the hind fins. marine ecosystems, i.e., macropredatory tetrapods that forage on prey of similar size to their own, was thus far lacking in the Paleozoic Horizon and Locality. FMNH PR 3032 was collected in 2008 from the and early Mesozoic. Here we report a top-tier tetrapod predator, middle Anisian Taylori Zone of the Fossil Hill Member of the Favret a very large (>8.6 m) ichthyosaur from the early Middle Triassic Formation at Favret Canyon, Augusta Mountains, Pershing County, (244 Ma), of Nevada. -
Viruses and the Origin of Microbiome Selection and Immunity
The ISME Journal (2017) 11, 835–840 © 2017 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/17 www.nature.com/ismej PERSPECTIVE Viruses and the origin of microbiome selection and immunity Steven D Quistad1,2,3, Juris A Grasis1, Jeremy J Barr1,4 and Forest L Rohwer1 1Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; 2Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), Institute of Chemistry, Biology, and Innovation, ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS UMR 8231/PSL Research University, Paris, France; 3Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), Institute of Chemistry, Biology, and Innovation, ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS UMR 8231/PSL Research University, Paris, France and 4School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia The last common metazoan ancestor (LCMA) emerged over half a billion years ago. These complex metazoans provided newly available niche space for viruses and microbes. Modern day contemporaries, such as cnidarians, suggest that the LCMA consisted of two cell layers: a basal endoderm and a mucus-secreting ectoderm, which formed a surface mucus layer (SML). Here we propose a model for the origin of metazoan immunity based on external and internal microbial selection mechanisms. In this model, the SML concentrated bacteria and their associated viruses (phage) through physical dynamics (that is, the slower flow fields near a diffusive boundary layer), which selected for mucin-binding capabilities. The concentration of phage within the SML provided the LCMA with an external microbial selective described by the bacteriophage adherence to mucus (BAM) model. In the BAM model, phage adhere to mucus protecting the metazoan host against invading, potentially pathogenic bacteria. -
Issue of the FOSSIL
Official Publication of The Fossils, The Historians of Amateur Journalism The Fossil Volume 116, No. 3, Whole No. 383 Sunnyvale, California April 2020 Fossil Profile My Ajay Mentors by Linda Donaldson FOSSIL EDITOR Dave Tribby has asked me to provide a the beginning of a long love affair. It was almost the few thoughts on my friends and mentors in the world last press I saw exit my door. of amateur journalism. Though I’m not active now, He also introduced me to ajayers in my hometown thanks mostly to vision problems that make it hard to of Portsmouth, Ohio: Karl X. Williams and Charlie read the bundles, I was fortunate Phillips. The two of them were to have had several good men happy to share or sell me some of tors. I am still a Fossil—it’s hard their treasure troves of type or to totally desert the realm. necessary equipment. Much has It started with the one and been written of Karl, a Lone only J. Hill Hamon, whom I met Scout young printer in the 1920s, as my Biology professor at AAPA founding father, and a Transylvania University in Lex Fossil. To this day I possess a pa ington, Kentucky in January of per cutter I bought from Katie, 1972. I didn’t start learning the Karl’s widow. I was employed printing part until a short term about five years as a rubber class in December of 1972. He set stamp maker by Karl’s daughter out lots of old type on the Bio Pam and soninlaw Gary. -
Macropredatory Ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the Origin of Modern Trophic Networks
Macropredatory ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the origin of modern trophic networks Nadia B. Fröbischa,1, Jörg Fröbischa,1, P. Martin Sanderb,1,2, Lars Schmitzc,1,2,3, and Olivier Rieppeld aMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; bSteinmann Institute of Geology, Mineralogy, and Paleontology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; cDepartment of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and dDepartment of Geology, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605 Edited by Neil H. Shubin, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved December 5, 2012 (received for review October 8, 2012) The biotic recovery from Earth’s most severe extinction event at the Holotype and Only Specimen. The Field Museum of Natural His- Permian-Triassic boundary largely reestablished the preextinction tory (FMNH) contains specimen PR 3032, a partial skeleton structure of marine trophic networks, with marine reptiles assuming including most of the skull (Fig. 1) and axial skeleton, parts of the predator roles. However, the highest trophic level of today’s the pelvic girdle, and parts of the hind fins. marine ecosystems, i.e., macropredatory tetrapods that forage on prey of similar size to their own, was thus far lacking in the Paleozoic Horizon and Locality. FMNH PR 3032 was collected in 2008 from the and early Mesozoic. Here we report a top-tier tetrapod predator, middle Anisian Taylori Zone of the Fossil Hill Member of the Favret a very large (>8.6 m) ichthyosaur from the early Middle Triassic Formation at Favret Canyon, Augusta Mountains, Pershing County, (244 Ma), of Nevada. -
For Immediate Release Perot Museum's 2018-2019 Season Lineup Is an Exploration of Timeless Innovation from the Discoveries Of
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE PEROT MUSEUM’S 2018-2019 SEASON LINEUP IS AN EXPLORATION OF TIMELESS INNOVATION FROM THE DISCOVERIES OF NEW PREHISTORIC SPECIES TO THE CREATIVE ENGINEERING OF THE FUTURE Two traveling exhibitions – Ultimate Dinosaurs and The Art of the Brick – headline the season, alongside fan favorites such as Social Science nights, sleepovers, National Geographic Live speakers, Discovery Camps and a whole month dedicated to makers, innovators and creators DALLAS (Sept. 12, 2018) – Millions of LEGO® bricks used to create everything from the masterpieces of Da Vinci and Van Gogh to feats of engineering will intrigue guests as part of the spectacular The Art of the Brick traveling exhibition, which will headline the 2018-2019 season lineup at the Perot Museum of Nature and Science. And a fascinating display of mostly unknown dinosaurs from below the equator, plus dozens of events and programs – including a brilliant cast of National Geographic speakers, adults-only nights, new 3D films, sleepovers and seasonal camps – round out the season. Receiving rave reviews from its other national tour stops, The Art of the Brick (Feb. 23-Aug. 18, 2019) features LEGO® bricks of every size used to construct stunning works of art and structural marvels (such as the Mona Lisa, the statues of David, Venus de Milo and Augustus of Prima Porta, a T. rex, Hokusai's The Great Wave off Kanagawa and more). The popular exhibition Ultimate Dinosaurs continues through Jan. 6, 2019, bringing to life 17 incredible dinosaurs from the southern hemisphere including the Giganotosaurus (South America’s “king of the jungle” predator), Argentinosaurus (the world’s heaviest dinosaur) and other species unfamiliar to many North Americans. -
Prehistoric Planet 3D PUBLISHING PACK for MUSEUM USE on SOCIAL PLATFORMS
Walking with Dinosaurs: Prehistoric Planet 3D PUBLISHING PACK FOR MUSEUM USE ON SOCIAL PLATFORMS COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Using this pack This pack outlines content examples for posts which fall under 7 content “pillars” (Continuing the Story, Box Office Promotion, Leveraging Other Assets, Branded Infographics, Branded Fact Files, Conversation Tools, and Behind-the-Scenes Videos). The copy provided with each post is recommended but not compulsory. Museums may want to add promotional messaging, although we’d advise not over-saturating content with these messages. Understanding the assets Each complete piece of content has been packaged individually to allow the publishing process to be as simple and efficient as possible. The platform(s) the copy is designed for (Facebook, Instagram, Proposed copy to be used in Image Twitter) conjunction with adjacent image Image no. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Understanding the assets cont. Beneath each example post in this PDF will be a figure number which corresponds to an asset found in the “Publishing Assets” folder also supplied in this pack. In the “Publishing Assets” folder this figure number will be followed by a set of letters which outline the platforms the content is optimised for; FB = Facebook TW = Twitter INSTA = Instagram COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Publishing best practices To extract the optimum performance out of this Publishing Pack, theAudience advises the following best publishing practises. Following these principles will maximise the content’s potential in engaging an audience on social. Keep copy as short as possible theAudience has proposed copy to accompany each individual image in this pack. This copy can be used as an example with sales messages attached (or can be changed completely) although we would advise not directly marketing the film in more than 60% of the content as sales messages can lose traction when used at a high frequency on social. -
The Carbon Cycle
The Carbon Cycle Overview of the Carbon Cycle The movement of carbon from one area to another is the basis for the carbon cycle. Carbon is important for all life on Earth. All living things are made up of carbon. Carbon is produced by both natural and human-made (anthropogenic) sources. Carbon Cycle Page 1 Nature’s Carbon Sources Carbon is found in the Carbon is found in the lithosphere Carbon is found in the Carbon is found in the atmosphere mostly as carbon in the form of carbonate rocks. biosphere stored in plants and hydrosphere dissolved in ocean dioxide. Animal and plant Carbonate rocks came from trees. Plants use carbon dioxide water and lakes. respiration place carbon into ancient marine plankton that sunk from the atmosphere to make the atmosphere. When you to the bottom of the ocean the building blocks of food Carbon is used by many exhale, you are placing carbon hundreds of millions of years ago during photosynthesis. organisms to produce shells. dioxide into the atmosphere. that were then exposed to heat Marine plants use cabon for and pressure. photosynthesis. The organic matter that is produced Carbon is also found in fossil fuels, becomes food in the aquatic such as petroleum (crude oil), coal, ecosystem. and natural gas. Carbon is also found in soil from dead and decaying animals and animal waste. Carbon Cycle Page 2 Natural Carbon Releases into the Atmosphere Carbon is released into the atmosphere from both natural and man-made causes. Here are examples to how nature places carbon into the atmosphere. -
The Mummy of All Dinosaurs Compare and Contrast Careful Work
Careful Work © Clipart.com Scientists are very careful when they © iClipart work on dinosaur presented by Science a-z a division of Learning A-Z fossils. They use bright The Mummy of All Dinosaurs lights and small tools. By Jane Sellman They use toothbrushes March 2008: Scientists have found the most to clean away dirt. complete dinosaur mummy ever. A dinosaur They do not want to © Louis Tremblay mummy is a kind of fossil. A fossil is a living hurt the fossils! It thing that died and turned into rock. A mummy takes a long time to Tyler Lyson, who found the dinosaur fossil has bones and skin or muscles. With this uncover a fossil. mummy, works on a fossil. mummy, even the insides turned into rock. Scientists are Compare and Contrast learning amazing things from this mummy. © National Geographic Television Art and Animation, © National Geographic Television Julius T. Csotonyi and 3D model by 422 South Julius T. Scientists have T. rex Hadrosaur learned that • Length: 40’ • Length: 36’ dinosaurs were • Speed: 20 mph • Speed: 28 mph © Louis Tremblay • Teeth: pointed for • Teeth: flat for even bigger than tearing meat chewing plants we thought! How else can you compare these two dinosaurs? See Mummy of All Dinos Tyler Lyson (on the right) uses a jackhammer © BigStockPhoto, Digital Studio on page 2 to remove rock from around fossils. © Learning A–Z, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 www.sciencea-z.com 1 Mummy of All Dinos Continued from page 1 Writing Prompt: There was a little space between each piece of How is this the mummy’s backbone. -
Exceptional Vertebrate Biotas from the Triassic of China, and the Expansion of Marine Ecosystems After the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction
Earth-Science Reviews 125 (2013) 199–243 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction Michael J. Benton a,⁎, Qiyue Zhang b, Shixue Hu b, Zhong-Qiang Chen c, Wen Wen b, Jun Liu b, Jinyuan Huang b, Changyong Zhou b, Tao Xie b, Jinnan Tong c, Brian Choo d a School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK b Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China c State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China d Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China article info abstract Article history: The Triassic was a time of turmoil, as life recovered from the most devastating of all mass extinctions, the Received 11 February 2013 Permo-Triassic event 252 million years ago. The Triassic marine rock succession of southwest China provides Accepted 31 May 2013 unique documentation of the recovery of marine life through a series of well dated, exceptionally preserved Available online 20 June 2013 fossil assemblages in the Daye, Guanling, Zhuganpo, and Xiaowa formations. New work shows the richness of the faunas of fishes and reptiles, and that recovery of vertebrate faunas was delayed by harsh environmental Keywords: conditions and then occurred rapidly in the Anisian. The key faunas of fishes and reptiles come from a limited Triassic Recovery area in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou provinces, and these may be dated relative to shared strati- Reptile graphic units, and their palaeoenvironments reconstructed.