DOCSLIB.ORG

Supporting Cells of Nervous Tissue Neuroglia Or Glial Cells

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Supporting Cells of Nervous Tissue Neuroglia Or Glial Cells Dr. Ammar Ganim Alhaaik, BVMS, MSc, PhD Scientific degree (Assist. Prof.), Department of Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-7631 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ammar_Alhaaik4 Course name | Histology Part I | 2nd year 2019 Supporting cells of nervous tissue Neuroglia or glial cells: the neurons are supported by a special kind of connective tissue within the brain and spinal cord that is called neuroglia; it also located in the PNS. • Neuroglia: Within the central nervous system: 1- Oligodendrocytes 2-astrocytes 3-microglia 4-ependymal cells Out of the central nervous system: Schwann cell (lemmocyte) Astrocytes ❖ Star shape and most numerous type ❖ provide physical support for neurons ❖ store glycogen ❖ isolate synaptic areas from one and other ❖ In the brain, processes abut against the basement membrane of capillary endothelium (pedicles) forming the blood-brain barrier ❖ other processes are closely applied to neurons (pedicles) ❖ may form a conduit for nutrients from blood vessels to neurons Two types of astrocytes 1. Protoplasmic astrocytes ❖ granular cytoplasm, many branches on short processes ❖ found mainly in gray matter 2. Fibrous Astrocytes Histology P1 | Nervous tissue 1 | Dr. Ammar Alhaaik Page | 1 ❖ have longer slender processes ❖ found mainly in white matter (but also occur in gray matter). Ependymal cells ❖ ciliated cells forming single layer of simple cuboidal to low columnar epithelium that lines the entire neurocoel ❖ Epithelial cells that line ventricles and central cavities of brain and spinal cord-secrete CSF ❖ ciliary action acts to circulate cerebral spinal fluid. The Synapse Concept: Synapses are highly specialized intercellular junctions which link the neurons of each nervous pathway. Similar intercellular junctions link neurons and their effector cells such as muscle fibers; where neurons synapse with skeletal muscle they are referred to as neuromuscular junction or motor end plate. Classification of synapses: axodendritic synapse axosomatic synapse axoaxonal synapse dendro-axonic dendro-dendritic somato-somatic synapse somato-dendritic synapse Elements of synapse 1- synaptic bottom and vesicles 2- presynaptic membrane 3- synaptic cleft (gap) 4- postsynaptic membrane Connective tissue fascia of nerve trunk 1. Nerves are surrounded by a thick connective tissue sheath composed of collagenous fibers and fibroblasts and containing small blood vessels that is called the Epineurium. 2. Each bundle (or facicle) of axons is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the Perineurium 3. Each axon within each bundle is individually surrounded by a layer of reticular connective tissue called the Endoneurium Histology P1 | Nervous tissue 1 | Dr. Ammar Alhaaik Page | 2 Myelin is a lipid-rich (fatty) substance formed in the central nervous system (CNS) by glial cells called oligodendrocytes, and in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by Schwann cells. Myelin protects nerve cell axons to increase the speed at which information travels from one nerve cell body to another (as in the CNS) or from a nerve cell body to a muscle (as in the PNS). Schwann cell (lemmocyte) : supporting cell in PNS responsible for formation of myelin sheath of nerve fibers.. A Schwann cell surrounds nerve fibers but coiling does not take place. Schwann cells partially enclose 15 or more axons The lemmocyte wraps around the nerve fiber (axon) several times producing a membranous sheath that varies in thickness depending on the number of times the lemmocyte wraps around the axon. Histology P1 | Nervous tissue 1 | Dr. Ammar Alhaaik Page | 3 Nodes of Ranvier (Neurofibral Nodes) Gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells. They are the sites where axon collaterals can emerge PLAY Histology P1 | Nervous tissue 1 | Dr. Ammar Alhaaik Page | 4 Ganglia: group of neurons and nerve fibers surrounded by capsule of C.T. there are 2 types: 1- Sympathetic ganglia ……..motor 2- Spinal ganglia ………sensory Spinal Autonomic (sympathetic) Spinal ganglia Autonomic ganglia (sympathetic) Histology P1 | Nervous tissue 1 | Dr. Ammar Alhaaik Page | 5 Motor end plate (motor nerve ending) Histology P1 | Nervous tissue 1 | Dr. Ammar Alhaaik Page | 6 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nervous Tissue
    Nervous Tissue • Controls and integrates all body activities within limits that maintain life • Three basic functions – sensing changes with sensory receptors • fullness of stomach or sun on your face – interpreting and remembering those changes – reacting to those changes with effectors • muscular contractions • glandular secretions Major Structures of the Nervous System • Brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, spinal nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses and sensory receptors Organization of the Nervous System • CNS is brain and spinal cord • PNS is everything else Nervous System Divisions • Central nervous system (CNS) – consists of the brain and spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system (PNS) – consists of cranial and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers – connects CNS to muscles, glands & all sensory receptors Subdivisions of the PNS • Somatic (voluntary) nervous system (SNS) – neurons from cutaneous and special sensory receptors to the CNS – motor neurons to skeletal muscle tissue • Autonomic (involuntary) nervous systems – sensory neurons from visceral organs to CNS – motor neurons to smooth & cardiac muscle and glands • sympathetic division (speeds up heart rate) • parasympathetic division (slow down heart rate) • Enteric nervous system (ENS) – involuntary sensory & motor neurons control GI tract – neurons function independently of ANS & CNS Neurons • Functional unit of nervous system • Have capacity to produce action potentials – electrical excitability • Cell body – single nucleus with prominent nucleolus – Nissl
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentals of Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
    Fundamentals of Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Chapter 12 Nervous System The nervous system is the main system to communicate and coordinate body activities by sending electrical impulses. Nervous system forms a communication network in whole body. Endocrine system communicates through chemical messengers – hormones. 12 pairs of Cranial nerves arise from brain Brain (Part of PNS) Central NS 31 pairs of spinal nerves arise from spinal Spinal nerve cord nerve cord (Part of PNS) Somatic sensory Afferent Division Visceral sensory Peripheral NS Somatic NS Efferent Division Sympathetic Autonomic NS Parasympathetic Neuron A neuron has a cell body. Many smaller branched appendages are called Dendrites. Dendrites bring in information (nerve impulse) to the cell body. A single longer appendage is called Axon. It takes information away from cell body. It branches at the end into terminal knobs. A terminal knob secretes a chemical called Neurotransmitter in the gap to the next neuron or muscle membrane. 3-types of neurons (on basis of function) Specialized nerve cells are called Neurons. Sensory neurons bring information from sense organs like eyes to CNS. Sensory = Affrent. Somatic Sensory = coming from body wall - skin, muscles and joints; Visceral Sensroy = coming from internal organs - viscera Motor neurons take information from CNS to effectors like muscles or glands. Motor = Effrent. Somatic Motor – going to skeletal muscles and Visceral Motor – going to smooth or cardiac muscles. Inter-neurons receive information from sensory neurons and
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
    11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue ou can’t turn on the television or radio, much less go online, without seeing some- 11.1 Overview of the Nervous thing to remind you of the nervous system. From advertisements for medications System 381 Yto treat depression and other psychiatric conditions to stories about celebrities and 11.2 Nervous Tissue 384 their battles with illegal drugs, information about the nervous system is everywhere in 11.3 Electrophysiology our popular culture. And there is good reason for this—the nervous system controls our of Neurons 393 perception and experience of the world. In addition, it directs voluntary movement, and 11.4 Neuronal Synapses 406 is the seat of our consciousness, personality, and learning and memory. Along with the 11.5 Neurotransmitters 413 endocrine system, the nervous system regulates many aspects of homeostasis, including 11.6 Functional Groups respiratory rate, blood pressure, body temperature, the sleep/wake cycle, and blood pH. of Neurons 417 In this chapter we introduce the multitasking nervous system and its basic functions and divisions. We then examine the structure and physiology of the main tissue of the nervous system: nervous tissue. As you read, notice that many of the same principles you discovered in the muscle tissue chapter (see Chapter 10) apply here as well. MODULE 11.1 Overview of the Nervous System Learning Outcomes 1. Describe the major functions of the nervous system. 2. Describe the structures and basic functions of each organ of the central and peripheral nervous systems. 3. Explain the major differences between the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system.
    [Show full text]
  • Dorsal Root Injury—A Model for Exploring Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury
    cells Review Dorsal Root Injury—A Model for Exploring Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury Håkan Aldskogius * and Elena N. Kozlova Laboratory of Regenertive Neurobiology, Biomedical Center, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms of spinal cord injury is fundamental for our possibility to develop successful therapeutic approaches. These approaches need to address the issues of the emergence of a non-permissive environment for axonal growth in the spinal cord, in combination with a failure of injured neurons to mount an effective regeneration program. Experimental in vivo models are of critical importance for exploring the potential clinical relevance of mechanistic findings and therapeutic innovations. However, the highly complex organization of the spinal cord, comprising multiple types of neurons, which form local neural networks, as well as short and long-ranging ascending or descending pathways, complicates detailed dissection of mechanistic processes, as well as identification/verification of therapeutic targets. Inducing different types of dorsal root injury at specific proximo-distal locations provide opportunities to distinguish key components underlying spinal cord regeneration failure. Crushing or cutting the dorsal root allows detailed analysis of the regeneration program of the sensory neurons, as well as of the glial response at the dorsal root-spinal cord interface without direct trauma to the spinal cord. At the same time, a lesion at this interface creates a localized injury of the spinal cord itself, but with an initial Citation: Aldskogius, H.; Kozlova, neuronal injury affecting only the axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons, and still a glial cell response E.N.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Road Map”
    PRACTICAL ROADMAP NERVOUS TISSUE DR N GRAVETT NEURONS • MOTOR • SENSORY Anterior (ventral) horn Dorsal root of spinal of spinal cord cord Multipolar Pseudounipolar ANTERIOR HORN CELLS • Slide 64 Spinal Cord (vervet monkey) Stain: Kluver and Berrera Technique NOTE: with this technique, myelin stains dark blue and basophilic substances such as rER and nuclei stain violet. In this case we use “blue” and “purple” to describe the staining and not eosinophilic and basophilic. SPINAL CORD Anterior Ventral Horn Arachnoid Ventricle Pia Mater Grey Matter White Matter Posterior Horn Dura Mater Dorsal ANTERIOR HORN CELL Neuropil Cell Body Dendrite Vesicular Nucleus Nucleolus Nucleus of Nissl Bodies Neuroglial Cell ANTERIOR HORN CELL Neuropil Cell Body Vesicular Nucleus Nucleolus Nissl Body Nucleus of Neuroglial Cell Dendrite Nissl Body Axon Hillock Axon SPINAL (DORSAL ROOT) GANGLION CELLS • Slide 62 Spinal Ganglion Stain: H&E NOTE: The spinal ganglion is also known as the dorsal root ganglia and contains pseudounipolar neuron cell bodies. SPINAL (DORSAL ROOT) GANGLIA Cell Bodies Processes (Axons and Dendrites) SPINAL (DORSAL ROOT) GANGLIA Cell Bodies Processes (Axons and Dendrites) NOTE: The neuronal cell bodies of the dorsal root ganglia are “clumped” together, and one cannot see any processes entering or leaving the cell bodies. The processes (axons and dendrites) are seen towards the edge/periphery of the group of cell bodies. SPINAL (DORSAL ROOT) GANGLIA Satellite cells (arranged in ring like fashion around the cell body) Cell Body Nucleolus Vesicular Fine Granular Nucleus Nissl Substance Nucleus of Satellite cell PERIPHERAL BRANCH OF A SPINAL NERVE • Slide 32 Median Nerve Stain: Mallory’s Technique NOTE: Three dyes are used in Mallory’s technique, which results in collagen fibres (such as connective tissue) staining blue, the “neurokeratin” staining red, and nuclei staining reddish-orange PERIPHERAL NERVE Myelinated Axons Vein L.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Cells of the Nervous System Two Major Cell/Tissue Types in Nervous System
    Cells of the Nervous System two major cell/tissue types in Nervous System: neurons – impulse conduction 100 Billion generally no mitosis neuroglia – support, protection, insulation, etc [need specialized cells because of unique sensitivity of neurons to their environment] 900 Billion some mitosis Neuroglia 1. astrocytes 2. oligodendroglia 3. microglia 4. ependymal cells 5. Schwann cells 1. Astrocytes largest and most abundant type form tight webs around brains capillaries =blood/brain barrier small molecules (O2, CO2, alcohol) diffuse rapidly larger molecules penetrate slowly or not at all this blockage of free exchange between capillaries and tissues is unique for nervous tissue => prevents sudden and extreme fluctuations in composition of tissue fluid in CNS => protects irreplaceable neurons from damage 2. Oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglia) smaller cells, fewer processes clustered around nerve cell bodies help hold nerve fibers together produce myelin sheath (electrical insulation) around neurons in CNS [myelin=fatty substance] 3. Microglia small stationary cells in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue they: enlarge move about 1 carry out phagocytosis of microbes and cellular debris 4. Ependymal Cells ciliated cells line ventricles and spinal canal help to circulate CerebroSpinal Fluid 5. Schwann Cells found only in PNS form a segmental wrapping around nerve fibers each segment is produced by 1 Schwann cell gaps between cells = Nodes of Ranvier form neurilemma and myelin sheath in PNS neurons myelin (in CNS and PNS) can be: thick =
    [Show full text]
  • 29 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells
    [Frontiers in Bioscience, Scholar, 8, 29-43, January 1, 2016] Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: the ever mitotic cells of the CNS Bjoern Neumann1, Ilias Kazanis1,2 1Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK, 2Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. OPCs remain mitotically active throughout the lifespan of the organism 3.1. Development 3.2. Adult brain homeostasis and pathology 4. Mechanisms of control of mitosis in OPCs 5. Acknowledgments 6. References 1. ABSTRACT Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs) first exited the cell cycle in order to terminally differentiate into appear at mid embryogenic stages during development mature OLs. However, a subpopulation of OPCs survives of the mammalian CNS and a mitotically active population for the life span of the organism (both in humans and of them remains present even into late adulthood. During rodents) as adult OPCs scattered throughout the grey the life-time of the organism they initially proliferate and and white matter where it represents approximately migrate in order to populate the whole nervous tissue, 5% of all cells (2) (Figure 1). Recent experimental work then they massively generate oligodendrocytesand finally in the mouse has revealed that adult OPCs probably they switch to a less mitotically active phase generating sustain myelin homeostasis by continuing to proliferate new oligodendrocytes at a slow rate in the adult brain; and to generate new OLs in the adult brain (3-5); importantly, they can regenerate acutely or chronically albeit exhibiting a gradually slower cell cycle and with destroyed myelin.
    [Show full text]
  • Oligodendrocytes and CNS Myelin Are Nonpermissive Substrates for Neurite Growth and Fibroblast Spreading in Vi&O
    The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1988, 8(7): 2381-2393 Oligodendrocytes and CNS Myelin Are Nonpermissive Substrates for Neurite Growth and Fibroblast Spreading in vi&o Martin E. Schwab and Pica Caroni Brain Research Institute of the University of Zurich, CH-8029 Zurich, Switzerland To study the interaction of neurons with CNS glial cells, (Tello, 1911; Ramon y Cajal, 1928; Benfey and Aguayo, 1982; dissociated sympathetic or sensory ganglion cells or fetal Richardson et al., 1984; So and Aguayo, 1985). These studies retinal cells were plated onto cultures of dissociated optic assigneda crucial role to the microenvironment of the growing nerve glial cells of young rats. Whereas astrocytes favored fibers, whereby peripheral nerve tissue should allow, support, neuron adhesion and neurite outgrowth, oligodendrocytes or provoke neurite regeneration. The involvement of neuro- differed markedly in their properties as neuronal substrates. trophic and neurotropic factors-produced by Schwann cellsbut Immature (O,+, A,B,+, GalCm) oligodendrocytes were fre- not by CNS glia-was suggested60 years ago by Ramon y Cajal quently contacted by neurons and neurites. In contrast, dif- (1928). In fact, a marked increase in the production of neuro- ferentiated oligodendrocytes (O,+, A$-, GalC+) represented trophic factors and cell adhesionmolecules by Schwann cells in a nonpermissive substrate for neuronal adhesion and neurite responseto denervation has recently been observed (Richardson growth. When neuroblastoma cells or 3T3 fibroblasts were and Ebendal, 1982; Longo et al., 1984; Abrahamson et al., 1986; plated into optic nerve glial cultures, the same differences Daniloff et al., 1986). However, neurotrophic factors are also were observed; differentiated oligodendrocytes were non- presentin developing and adult CNS, and increasedneurotroph- permissive for cell adhesion, neurite growth, or fibroblast ic activities were found at sites of CNS lesions (Barde et al., spreading.
    [Show full text]
  • A Light and Electron Microscope Study of Long
    A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF LONG-TERM ORGANIZED CULTURES OF RAT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA MARY BARTLETT BUNGE, RICHARD P. BUNGE, EDITH R. PETERSON, and MARGARET R. MURRAY From the Departments of Anatomy and Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Downloaded from http://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/32/2/439/1263268/439.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Surgeons, New York ABSTRACT Dorsal root ganglia from fetal rats were explanted on collagen-coated coverslips and carried in Maximow double-coverslip assemblies for periods up to 3 months. These cultured ganglia were studied in the living state, in stained whole mounts, and in sections after OsO4 fixation and Epon embedment. From the central cluster of nerve cell bodies, neurites emerge to form a rich network of fascicles which often reach the edge of the carrying coverslip. The neurons resemble their in vivo counterparts in nuclear and cytoplasmic content and organization; e.g., they appear as "light" or "dark" cells, depending on the amount of cytoplasmic neuro- filaments. Satellite cells form a complete investment around the neuronal soma and are themselves everywhere covered by basement membrane. The neuron-satellite cell boundary is complicated by spinelike processes arising from the neuronal soma. Neuron size, myelin- ated fiber diameter, and internode length in the cultures do not reach the larger of the values known for ganglion and peripheral nerve in situ (30). Unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers and associated Schwann cells and endoneurial and perineurial components are orga- nized into typical fascicles. The relationship of the Schwann cell and its single myelinated fiber or numerous unmyelinated fibers and the properties of myelin, such as lamellar spacing, mesaxons, Schmidt-Lanterman clefts, nodes of Ranvier, and protuberances, mimic the in vivo pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives
    cells Review Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives Stefano Raffaele , Marta Boccazzi and Marta Fumagalli * Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (M.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0250318307 Abstract: Myelin is the lipid-rich structure formed by oligodendrocytes (OLs) that wraps the axons in multilayered sheaths, assuring protection, efficient saltatory signal conduction and metabolic support to neurons. In the last few years, the impact of OL dysfunction and myelin damage has progressively received more attention and is now considered to be a major contributing factor to neurodegeneration in several neurological diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Upon OL injury, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) of adult nervous tissue sustain the generation of new OLs for myelin reconstitution, but this spontaneous regeneration process fails to successfully counteract myelin damage. Of note, the functions of OPCs exceed the formation and repair of myelin, and also involve the trophic support to axons and the capability to exert an immunomodulatory role, which are particularly relevant in the context of neurodegeneration. In this review, we deeply analyze the impact of dysfunctional OLs in ALS pathogenesis. The possible mechanisms underlying OL degeneration, defective OPC maturation, and impairment in energy supply to motor neurons (MNs) Citation: Raffaele, S.; Boccazzi, M.; have also been examined to provide insights on future therapeutic interventions. On this basis, we Fumagalli, M. Oligodendrocyte discuss the potential therapeutic utility in ALS of several molecules, based on their remyelinating Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral potential or capability to enhance energy metabolism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nervous Tissue
    1 THE NERVOUS TISSUE Definition: The nervous tissue is an assemblage of cells and supportive elements (materials) in which there is a predominance of cells which are highly specialized in the property of excitability and conductivity, whereby they are capable of generating and conducting electrochemical wave along their plasma membrane. The specialized cells of the nervous tissue are called NEURONS while the supportive cells are called NEUROGLIAL CELLS. The electrochemical wave conducted along the plasma membrane is referred to as NERVE IMPULSE. The nervous tissue is developed from the ectodermal germ layer of the embryo. COMPONENT PARTS OF THE NERVOUS TISSUE: The component parts of the nervous tissue comprise: 1. Nerve cells, also called Neurons. 2. Interstitial/Supportive cells, also called Neuroglia or Neuroglial cells. 3. Connective tissue proper of the nervous tissue which include: a. Meninges of the brain and spinal cord b. Connective tissue of the blood vessels of the nervous tissue. c. Connective tissue sheath of the peripheral nerves, which include (See Diagram 1.): i. Epineurium ii. Perineurium iii. Endoneurium, also called the sheath of Henle. 4. Peripheral receptor cells/structures. (See diagram 2.) 2 Diagram 2: Peripheral Receptors THE NEURON (See Diagram 3) The neuron is the morphological and functional unit of the nervous tissue/system. It is highly specialized in the physiological properties of Excitability and Conductivity. On stimulation, it generates an electrical change (Action potential), which is propagated along its cell surface and along its protoplasmic extension known as the Axon. The propagated action potential is referred to as the Nerve impulse. The neuron is composed of: (See Diagram 3A.) 3 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Timing of Oligodendrocyte Cell Death Determines the Potential of Myelin Recovery During Brain Postnatal Development
    The timing of oligodendrocyte cell death determines the potential of myelin recovery during brain postnatal development. Asghar Shabbir To cite this version: Asghar Shabbir. The timing of oligodendrocyte cell death determines the potential of myelin recovery during brain postnatal development.. Biochemistry, Molecular Biology. Université de Strasbourg, 2013. English. NNT : 2013STRAJ089. tel-01410528 HAL Id: tel-01410528 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01410528 Submitted on 6 Dec 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 414 [Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques INSERM U 1119] THÈSE présentée par : [ Asghar SHABBIR ] soutenue le : 1er Juillet 2013 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’u niversité de Strasbourg Discipline/ Spécialité : Neurosciences LE PROGRAMME D’INDUC TION DE LA MORT CELLULAIRE DES OLIGODENDROCYTES DETERMINE LE POTENTIEL DE REPA RATION DE LA MYÉLINE AU COURS DU DÉVELOPPEMENT THÈSE dirigée par : M. GHANDOUR Said (Directeur de recherche au CNRS, Université de Strasbourg) RAPPORTEURS : M. SCHUMACHER Michael (Directeur de recherche, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud) M. MASSAAD Charbel (Professeur, Université Paris Descartes) AUTRES MEMBRES DU JURY : Mme. BOEHM Nelly (Professeur, Université de Strasbourg) Examinateur M.
    [Show full text]