Contents

1 – THE EARLY CHURCH...... 11 Peter and Paul (died AD 65-68): Apostles in Rome ...... 14 Ignatius (died 110-117): Bishop of Antioch ...... 15 Polycarp (c69-156): Bishop of Smyrna ...... 19 Irenaeus (130-200): Bishop of Lyons ...... 23 Tertullian (150-c225): Theologian from North Africa...... 27 Cyprian (200-258): Bishop of Carthage ...... 30

2 – THE CHRISTIAN EMPIRE ...... 37 Constantine the Great (died 337): Emperor of Rome ...... 37 Eusebius (263-339): Father of Church History ...... 43 Ambrose (340-397): Bishop of Milan ...... 48 Jerome (c345-420): Scholar Of Bethlehem ...... 51 Augustine (354-431): Bishop of Hippo ...... 55

3 – CHRISTIANITY COMES TO BRITAIN ...... 61 Ninian (c 360-c432) ...... 66 Columba (c 521-597) ...... 67 Patrick (390-461): Apostle of the Irish...... 69 Augustine (died 604): First Archbishop of Canterbury ...... 74 Aidan (d 651): Bishop of Lindisfarne ...... 79 Boniface (680-784): Apostle to Germany ...... 81 Alfred The Great (849-899): King of Wessex ...... 86

4 – THE GROWTH OF MONASTICISM ...... 91 Benedict (480-550): Father of Western Monasticism ...... 93 Bernard (1090-1153): Abbot of Clairvaux ...... 94 Francis (1182-1226): Founder of the Franciscans ...... 99

5 – THE REFORMATION...... 107 John Wyclif (c1330-1384): ...... 109 Martin Luther (1483-1546): ...... 111 John Calvin (1509-1564): Reformer and Theologian ...... 120

70 Great Christians.p655 24/03/04, 14:24 William Tyndale (1494-1536): Bible Translator ...... 126 Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556): Archbishop of Canterbury...... 130 John Knox (1513-1573): Scottish Reformer ...... 134 Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556): Founder of the Jesuits ...... 138

6 – THE DISSENTERS ...... 145 John Bunyan (1628-1688) Preacher and Author...... 154 George Fox (1624-1691): Founder of The Society Of Friends ...... 159 The Pilgrim Fathers (1620): the New World...... 164 John Eliot (1604-1690): Apostle to the Indians ...... 168 George Whitefield (1714-1770): Evangelist ...... 172 John Wesley (1703-1791): Founder of Methodism ...... 178

7 – THE NINETEENTH CENTURY MISSIONARY MOVERMENT ...... 187 William Carey (1761-1834): Father of Modern Missions ...... 189 Hudson Taylor (1832-1905): Founder of Overseas Missionary Fellowship ...... 192 David Livingsone (1813-1873): Missionary and Explorer ...... 197 Mary Slessor (1848-1915): Missionary to the Calabar ...... 201 John Williams (1796-1839): Missionary to the South Sea Islands ..... 207 James Chalmers (1841-1901): Missionary to New Guinea...... 209 Michael Solomon Alexander (1799-1845): Bishop in Jerusalem ...... 213 Wellesley Bailey (1846-1937): Founder of the Leprosy Mission ...... 216 C T Studd (1862-1931): Founder, WEC International ...... 220

8 – SOCIAL REFORMERS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ...... 229 William Wilberforce (1759-1833): Philanthropist and Reformer .... 229 Elizabeth Fry (1780-1845): Prison Reformer ...... 233 George Müller (1805-1898): Founder of Children’s Homes, Bristol. 238 Thomas Barnardo (1845-1905): Founder of Children’s Homes ...... 243 William Booth (1829-1912): Founder of The Salvation Army ...... 247 Catherine Booth (1829-1890): Mother of The Salvation Army ...... 252

9 – GREAT PREACHERS OF THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES ...... 261 C. H. Spurgeon (1834-1892): Pastor, Metropolitan Tabernacle ...... 262 Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847): Theologian and Philanthropist ...... 266

70 Great Christians.p656 24/03/04, 14:24 D. L. Moody (1837-1899): American Evangelist ...... 271 Smith Wigglesworth (1859-1946): Preaching and Healing Ministry.. 276 Martyn Lloyd Jones (1899-1981): Westminster Chapel, London ..... 280 Billy Graham (born 1918): Evangelist and Christian Statesman ...... 285 Luis Palau (born 1934): Argentinian Evangelist ...... 289

10 – INTO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ...... 295 Sadhu Sundar Singh (1889-1929/33): Evangelist to India and Tibet.. 296 Ida Scudder (1870-1960): Founder of Vellore Medical College ...... 299 Amy Carmichael (1861-1951): Founder of the Dohnavur Fellowship ...... 304 Watchman Nee (1903-1972): Chinese Pastor and Preacher ...... 309 Gladys Aylward (1903-1970): Missionary to China...... 313 Geoffrey Bull (born 1921): Missionary to Tibet ...... 317 Jackie Pullinger (born 1944): Missionary to the Walled City of Kowloon ...... 321

11 – THE SUFFERING CHURCH OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ...... 327 The Vins Family in Russia ...... 328 Richard Wurmbrand (born 1912): Founder of Release International 332 Brother Andrew (born 1928): Founder of Open Doors ...... 337 Nate Saint (1923-1956): Missionary to Headhunters ...... 343 Janani Luwum (died 1977): Archbishop of Uganda ...... 347 Corrie Ten Boom (1892-1983): Ambassador For Christ ...... 352

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 359

CHARTS Persecution of Christians under Roman Emperors ...... 35-36 Major Heresies of the Early Church ...... 41 Early Church Councils ...... 42 Early Creeds ...... 47 Medieval Monastic Orders ...... 104-105 Major Protestant and Roman Catholic Differences ...... 144 Some 18th-20th Century Revivals ...... 184-185 Missionary Societies ...... 226-228 Societies with Christian Origins...... 258-259 Some Examples of 20th Century Persecution ...... 357-358

70 Great Christians.p657 24/03/04, 14:24 MAPS The Spread of the Early Church ...... 10 The Church in Britain ...... 65 The 19th Century Missionary Movement – Africa ...... 186 Into The Twentieth Century – India and China ...... 294 Russia ...... 332 South America ...... 342

PICTURES Last Prayer of Christians thrown to the wild animals ...... 18 Theatre Remains, Lyons ...... 24 Ruins of Crathage ...... 32 St Augustine ...... 56 Bede ...... 61 Statue of St Patrick ...... 72 Remains of St Augustine’s Abbey ...... 77 Fulda – Cathedral in Germany ...... 85 Alfred the Great ...... 89 Bernard ...... 96 John Wyclif ...... 110 Martin Luther, the Augustine Monk ...... 113 Martin Luther, theses...... 115 Luther’s Germany...... 119 John Calvin ...... 121 Tyndale ...... 126 Cranmer ...... 131 John Knox ...... 135 Oliver Cromwell ...... 148 Richard Baxter ...... 151 John Bunyan...... 155 The Prison on Bedford Bridge ...... 158 Title page of Pilgrim’s Progress ...... 159 George Fox...... 162 Jonathan Edwards ...... 173 Whitefield Preaching ...... 176 George Whitefield ...... 177 Holy Club ...... 179

70 Great Christians.p658 24/03/04, 14:24 John Wesley ...... 180 House in Kettering ...... 188 William Carey ...... 190 Hudson Taylor ...... 193 David Livingstone ...... 198 Mary Slessor with the Chiefs...... 204 John Williams ...... 207 James Chalmers ...... 209 Machael Alexander ...... 214 Wellsely Bailey ...... 217 CT Studd ...... 221 William Wilberforce...... 230 Elizabeth Fry ...... 235 George Muller ...... 239 Thomas Barnardo ...... 244 William and Catherine Booth...... 253 C H Spurgeon ...... 265 Dr Thomas Chalmers ...... 270 D L Moody ...... 275 Smith Wigglesworth ...... 280 Dr Martyn Lloyd-Jones ...... 283 Billy Graham ...... 287 Luis Palau...... 293 Dr Ina Scudder ...... 300 Amy Carmichael ...... 307 Watchman Nee ...... 311 Gladys Aylward ...... 314 Jackie Pullinger ...... 323 The Kowloon Walled City ...... 324 Georgi Vins ...... 330 Richard and Sabina Wurmbrand ...... 335 Brother Andrew ...... 340 Nate Saint ...... 343 Janani Luwum ...... 349 Corrie Ten Boom ...... 354 Avenue of Righteous Gentiles ...... 356

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