Census Handbook, Visakhapatnam
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1951 CENSUS HANDBOOK i - VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT , PBIN'l'BD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PBBSS MADRAS JU3 , PREFACE The Government used to compile and publish District Manuals for each district prior to 1905. The/manuals became obsolete within a few years of their publication, containing , 88 they did not only matter of ,3 more or less permanent charaoter such as physical characteristics, history, religion and ethnography, as also statistical matters which soon became out of date. The Government decided to replace the District Manuals by another publication known as the District Gazetteer, consisting of two volumes, A and B. The A volume contained descriptive matter and suoh general figures, as might be necessary to explain' the text, and the B volume contained detailed statistics. They also decided that the B volume, should be brought out periodically, especially after eaoh decennial census. Betwe61l1905 and 1927 A volumes for thirteen districts were published. In 1927 they were discontinued. B volumes for all the districts were published between 1906 and 1915. They were oontinued to be published even after the 1931 census. They were not published after the 1941 census. Village Statistics, oontaining the results of the census for every village in tfe l'3tate, were first oompiled and published in 1872, at the instance of Mr. C. E. Gover, who was then the Census Officer in Madras. His successor, in 1882, considered that this publication led to needless expenditure and trouble in printing the tables villagewar,. but the Government decided that the Village Statistics should continue to be published. The practice of issuing Village Statistics at every census was f<1!owed subsequently. The Village Statistics merely showed the number of oocupied houses and population of eaoh village and town by religions. The idea, of preparing the present volume, viz., the Distriot Census, Handbook for eaoh district was put forward by Sri R. A. Gopalaswami, I.C.S., Registrar-General, India, and ex-officio Census Commissioner of India, as part of a plan intended to secure an effective method of preserving the census records prepared for ar~s below the district level. He proposed that all the district census tables and census abstracts prepared during the process of sorting and compilation should be bound together in a single manuscript volume, called the Distriot Census Handbook, and suggested to the State Governments that the handbook (with or without the addition of other useful information relating to the district) should he printed and pub~shed, at their own cost, in the same manner as the Village Statistics in the past. In accepting this suggestion, the Government of Madras decided to print and publish the more important. portion of statistioal data relating to the district an~ to preserve the rest of the records in a manuscript volume for any future use, to whioh they may'be put. - , . 2. The statistica.l data embodied in the District Census Handbook have to be understootl " bom the baokground of the changes introduced in the 1951 census. The most nnportaat '< ... .' ,A1';l<l fundamenta~ change introduced in th~ 1951 census co;nsists in t~e substitution of aI:l' ~o~o~c ,cl~cation. ot ,the ~ple for~the clas8ifi~~ion based on Religion 8Jl~ Comm~~ CONTENTS PAGlI: P.lGB PUT 1-"'001II. 1 PrupAOE •• • • v BfCtltm (U). .1 I Introduotory no~ about the district wiih atmaxnr;es. 1 S B'lWDl S~ormation. regarding area, IlUIDber of occupied houses, literacy, distribution of ~m,.. tion by livelihood classes, cul'ivated area, ..-n. STATISTICS. soa.1e industrial establisbment. tad :inoidenoe of leprosy in villages) with appendix giving & list of PAU I. villages with a population exOf:teding 0,000 bu' S~ <'). treated as rural •• •• ." "" • • •.• 76 3 "A " General Poptilatitm TaUeB- Becli. (Ui). 9 Urban ~(Information regarding arM. num~ A-I-A.rea, Houses and Population • • • • 13 of ocoupied hOU88B, literacyf distribution of populB.. A-n-V&rie.tion in pOpulation during fifty years 14 tion by livelihood classes, sm.alI-scale industrieJ establishments and incidence of leprosy in each ward A-ill-Towns and Villages classified by population •. 16 of each census town and city) • I ... ... I 3&2 A·IV-Cities and Towns classified by population with PART n. variations since 1901 • • .1 •• •• 18 10 .. C J. H0U8eluiltl and Age (Sample) Tables- A.V -Towns arranged talukWlS6 with pOpulation by Livelihood Claases • I _ • • _ 20 C·l-Household (size) ... .. '" •• ·.. 110 • • •• • • 22 c-tt-Livelihood Classes by Age-groups •• • • 372 5 ., B " Etanomic Tablu C-IV-Age and Literacy •• .. ·.. 87' B-I-Livelihood Cluses and Sub-classes • • 23 11 .. D~' Social and OuUural TabZes- B.U--Secondary means of livelihood •• •• • • SO D.l-Languages B-m-Employera, Employees and Independent (i) Mother.tongue .. .. .. • • 378 Workers in Industries and Services by Divi.. , (ii) Bilingualism ,381 .... ... ...I - __. sions and SubdivisiOns •• • • • • 33 n.n-Religion .... .. •• 387 '" D·ID-Scheduled Castes and Scheduled. Tn"bea •• 389 I-Distribution of Small-scale Industries by tracts • I 60 D·IV-Migrants-Tract wlere enumerated •• •• 391 fi-Employment in Textile Estabhshments for D-VI-Nan-Indian Nu.tiopals ... .. .. •• 398 Census tracts • • I • • • • • • • 81 ." m-Employment m N(tn.Textile Establiahments for 1).VII-Livelihood. Olasses. by Educational StlmdM'ds. Census traots _ .," • • I • • • 64 12 lJiatric$ Occupational Ab8mJct-(Abetract, BhowiDB '. means of livelihood groUPB and sub-groups aader . 'I •• L " 1~ oj Lepr'081J by .Livelihood 0Zauu Jor nOll...asricu1tural occupations and the Dumber of self...; Nu1&B _ _ ... •• •• •• 73 suppGrtin3 persona engapd in them) ... .. "". 412 .. Y1I&k.-l" vi adopted in the past. The people were divided into two broad 1ivelihood categories, the Agricultural and Non"AgrioulturaJ. Four agricultural o~ and four non.. agrioultural classes were prescribed. as shown below:- Agricultural Olas8es- I. Cultivators of land, wholly or mainly owned, and their dependants, II. Cultivators of land, wholly or mainly unowned, a.nd their dependants, ITI.. Cultivating labourers and their dependants. IV. Non-cultiva.ting owners of land, agricultural rent receivers and their depen... dants. Non-Agricultural 0la88eB- Persons (including their dependants) who derive their principal means of livelihood from- V_ Production other than oultivation, VI. Commerce, Vll_ TranSport, and VIII. Other services and miscellaneous sources. Eaoh of the a.bove eight livelihood classes were divided into three sub-olasses with reference to their (loonomic status as below :- (i) Self-supporting persons, (ii) Non-earning dependants, and (iii) Earning dependants .. These livelihood sub-classes have been defined in detail in the By... leaf notes attached to Economic Table B·:I included in this Handbook. All non... earning depend.a.nts are economically passive, all earning dependants are economically semi-active. All 8elf~supporting persons are ordinarily economicaJ1y aetivp~ but the classes and groups specified below constitute an exception to this rule :- (1) Self.. supporting persons of Agricultural Class IV, (2) Self·supporting persons of Livelihood Class VllI, who derive their principal means of livelihood from any source other than through economic activity, viz. (a) Non-working owners of non-agrioultural property; (b) Pensioners and remittance holders ; (c) Persons living on charity and other persons with unproducti~e occupations; and (d) Inmates of penal institutions and asylums• . EoonomieaHy active persons engaged in cultiva.tion are either cultivators or oultivating labourers. Economio Ta.ble B-1 gives pa.rtioulars of the population olassified according to eicht livelihood olasses and three 8ub.olaases mentioned above.. Economically active persons engaged in industries and services have' been classified with reference to 1;he nature of the OQmmodity produced or service performed. They are l1anher divided into, three sections, viz., Employers, Employees and Independent Workers. I , VII•• rcillarS\,of the economically active persons classified under ODS of industries and services of the Indian Census Economic ill this Handbook covers the population of sample households and eover a 10 per cent sample population. The method adopted for BIB __ has been described in detail in the fly-leaf notes attached to the rye718U8 Handbook.-The Handbook has been divided into two parts; ~.Bections, namely, Section (i) containing the general population tables omie Tables (B series), Summary figures for the district by Taluks IT and III relating to Small-scale Industrial establishments and Table L ce of Leprosy; Section (ti) containing the Rural statistics, and Section_ (iii) an statistics; and Part II containing the Household (size) Table 0-1, and relihood classes and Literacy by Age-groups (C-II and C-IV), the Social and D series) and an abstract of non-agricultural occupations in the district. tf included in the Handbook, Table A-IV-Towns classified by population ince 1901, Economic Table B-II-Secondary means of livelihood under each :tnd Table C-II-Livelihood classes by age-groups furnish information at the 'The other population tables in the A series, the summary figures for taluks he Infirmity (Table L) showing the incidence of leprosy furnish information n the district with a district total. The rural statistics in Part I-Section "sic information in respect of every village and town arranged according to In addition to the total population of the villages, and its distribution among elihood classes, information regarding the number of literates. the cultivated illnber of small-scale industrial establishments under categories, textile and and the number of leprosy cases and doubtful cases has been included. tban statistics in Part I, Section (iii) furnish similar information except that cultivated area in respect of every unit classified as city or census town in the h ward... wise data. All other tables included in the Handbook provide information tUed census tracts with totals for the district. ?,BUB Tracts.-A distinctive feature of the census statistics is its rural urban break ea--wit-h--a-view to compare the conditions and characteristics of the rural and pulation.