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Correlations Between Old Aramaic Inscriptions and the Aramaic Section of Daniel

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Correlations Between Old Aramaic Inscriptions and the Aramaic Section of Daniel Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 1987 Correlations Between Old Aramaic Inscriptions and the Aramaic Section of Daniel Zdravko Stefanovic Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Stefanovic, Zdravko, "Correlations Between Old Aramaic Inscriptions and the Aramaic Section of Daniel" (1987). Dissertations. 146. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/146 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic prinJ. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 8724219 Correlations between Old Aramaic inscriptions and the Aramaic section of Daniel Stefanovic, Zdravkc, Ph.D. Andrews University, 1987 Copyright ©1987 by Stefanovic, Zdravko. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OLD ARAMAIC INSCRIPTIONS AND THE ARAMAIC SECTION OF DANIEL A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Zdravko Stefanovic January 1987 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. © Copyright by Z. Stefanovic, 1987 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OLD ARAMAIC INSCRIPTIONS AND THE ARAMAIC SECTION OF DANIEL A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Zdravko Stefanovic APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: Faculty Advisor: William H. She«£^-"G£rhard F. Easel, Dean riProfessor of Old Testament <H3A Theological Seminary 7 f v \ . J /J Richard M. Davidson, Associate Date approved Professor of Old Testament Exegesis Leona G. Running, Professc of Biblical Languages, Eb it us z2o Jacques B. Doukhan, Associate Professor of Old Testament Interpretation AlaVR^M^Tg ^ T Rankin Reader in Hebrew "and Ancient Semitic Languages The University of Liverpool Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OLD ARAMAIC INSCRIPTIONS AND THE ARAMAIC SECTION OF DANIEL by Zdravko Stefanovic Chairman: William H. Shea Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OLD ARAMAIC INSCRIPTIONS AND THE ARAMAIC SECTION OF DANIEL Name of researcher: Zdravko Stefanovic Name and degree of faculty adviser: William H. Shea, Ph.D. Date completed: January 1987 Problem In scholarly debates on the origin of DA, the corpus of OA -f-ftxts has not received full attention. Thus, there is a lack of comparative studies between DA and OA. This type of study serves a twofold purpose: It contributes to providing an answer to the questions of origin of DA, and it provides fresh insights into both OA and DA. Method This study of OA texts has been organized into seven sections which psrtain to the literary and linguistic character of every one of the inscriptions: Description, Nature, Structure, Vocabulary, Orthography 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. and Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax. The discussion of each of these sections has brought its corresponding subject into contact with the text of DA. Eight OA inscriptions dating from the ninth to the seventh centuries B. C. have been studied. To this six other inscriptions have been added since they come from a period of transition from OA into OfA. Results The text of DA in its present form contains a significant amount of material similar to OA texts. Literary evidence presented in this study on structure and vocabulary, as well as grammar (especially orthography) and syntax, points to the presence of early material in DA. This contextual study of OA texts contributes to the present discussions on DA. in that it presents the answers to certain objections raised regarding the traditional dating of DA. The study has produced a number of parallels which provide a better understanding of the literary, historical, and cultural situations of both dialects. Three factors have to be accounted for in any conclusion on DA: geography, chronology, and the literary character u£ the text. The desideratum of this study is that the search for early dated features in DA should be pursued more intensively in the future. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 3o2ana and Jonathan, also to Daniel, a diligent student A with major in "sepher ule^on kasdim" ("the language and literature of the Chaldeans" Dan 1:4) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................. v Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION Preliminary Remarks .............................. 1 Problems in Dating the Aramaic of Daniel ........ 3 A Survey of the Debate on D A .................... 11 Challenges of the Traditional View ........... 15 Evidence from the New Material ............... 23 The Purpose and the Need of this Study .... 32 The Scope and Procedures of the Study ........ 35 Conclusion ................................. 44 2. THE EARLIEST OLD ARAMAIC INSCRIPTIONS Introduction ...................................... 46 Tell Fakhriyah Description ..................................... 46 Nature .......................................... 50 Structure ....................................... 55 Vocabulary ...................................... 67 Orthography and Phonology ...................... 82 Morphology ...................................... 92 Syntax .......................................... 101 Bir-Hadad Inscription Description ..................................... 112 Nature .......................................... 115 Structure ....................................... 115 V o c a b u l a r y ...................................... 117 Orthography and Phonology ...................... 118 Morphology ...................................... 119 S y n t a x ........ 120 C o n c l u s i o n ........................................ 122 3. OTHER OLD ARAMAIC INSCRIPTIONS Introduction ...................................... 126 Zakkur (and Graffiti) Description ..................................... 127 ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Nature .......................................... 129 Structure ....................................... 129 Vocabulary ...................................... 13 0 Orthography and Phonology ...................... 13 3 Morphology and Syntax .......................... 134 Sefire Inscriptions Description ..................................... 13 6 Nature and Structure ........................... 138 Vocabulary ...................................... 141 Orthography and Phonology ...................... 148 Morphology ...................................... 153 Syntax .......................................... 159 Hadad and
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