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Wind Power Suitability in Worcester, M Assachusetts
Project Number: IQP JRK-WND1 Wind Power Suitability in Worcester, M assachusetts An Interactive Qualifying Project Report: submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by ______________________________ Christopher Kalisz chkalisz@ wpi.edu ______________________________ Calixte M onast cmonast@ wpi.edu ______________________________ M ichael Santoro santron@ wpi.edu ______________________________ Benjamin Trow btrow@ wpi.edu Date: March 14, 2005 Faculty Advisors: _________________________ Professor Scott Jiusto _________________________ Professor Robert Krueger ABSTRACT The goal of this project was to identify criteria needed to determine the suitability of potential wind turbine sites in Worcester, Massachusetts. The report first discusses physical, environmental, economic, and social factors that affect the suitability of potential wind power sites. We then completed a case study for a site in downtown Worcester, directly applying the criteria. Our hope is the project will raise local awareness of renewable energy and illustrate the practicality of a clean energy project. - 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................ 2 TABLE OF FIGURES............................................................................................................... -
Interim Financial Report, Second Quarter 2021
Company announcement No. 16/2021 Interim Financial Report Second Quarter 2021 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Hedeager 42,8200 Aarhus N, Denmark Company Reg. No.: 10403782 Wind. It means the world to us.TM Contents Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Financial and operational key figures ......................................................................................... 4 Sustainability key figures ............................................................................................................. 5 Group financial performance ....................................................................................................... 6 Power Solutions ............................................................................................................................ 9 Service ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Sustainability ............................................................................................................................... 13 Strategy and financial and capital structure targets ................................................................ 14 Outlook 2021 ................................................................................................................................ 17 Consolidated financial statements 1 January - 30 June ......................................................... -
Wind Turbine Foundations
IFC - ESMAP - RENEWABLE ENERGY TRAINING PROGRAM Wind Module I. Technology Overview, Market Analysis and Economics Washington DC, June 16th 2014 1 Index Wind Technology Overview, Market Analysis and Economics • Introduction and Technology Overview • Market Analysis and Perspectives • Support Schemes and Price Forecasting • Grid Integration and System Flexibility • Challenges and Competitiveness 22 Wind Power Generation Wind power generation: Conversion of wind energy into electricity using wind turbines Max Power output for a wind speed: 1 W····(,) UOE A3 v C m 2 p ͻ U= 1,225 kg/m3 ї density of the air ͻ A= swept Area ͻ V= wind Speed ͻ Cp= Power Coefficient 33 Wind - Power Coefficient Power Coefficient: Efficiency of a wind turbine transforming wind power into electricity Betz Limit: Maximum Power Coefficient of an ideal wind turbine For commercial turbines, Cp is typically between 40-50% 44 Wind - Weibull Distribution Wind speeds can be modeled using the Weibull Distribution. This function represents how often winds of different speeds will be observed at a location with a certain average wind speed. The shape of the Weibull Distribution depends on a parameter called Shape. In Northern Europe and most other locations around the world the value of Shape is approximately 2, then the distribution is named Rayleigh Distribution. 55 Wind - Capacity factor Weibull Distribution of Wind Speeds for a site with an average wind speed of 7m/s. It demonstrates visually how low and moderate winds are very common, and that strong gales are relatively rare. It is used to work out the number of hours that a certain wind speeds are likely to be recorded and the likely total energy output of a WT a year. -
Offshore Technology Yearbook
Offshore Technology Yearbook 2 O19 Generation V: power for generations Since we released our fi rst offshore direct drive turbines, we have been driven to offer our customers the best possible offshore solutions while maintaining low risk. Our SG 10.0-193 DD offshore wind turbine does this by integrating the combined knowledge of almost 30 years of industry experience. With 94 m long blades and a 10 MW capacity, it generates ~30 % more energy per year compared to its predecessor. So that together, we can provide power for generations. www.siemensgamesa.com 2 O19 20 June 2019 03 elcome to reNEWS Offshore Technology are also becoming more capable and the scope of Yearbook 2019, the fourth edition of contracts more advanced as the industry seeks to Wour comprehensive reference for the drive down costs ever further. hardware and assets required to deliver an As the growth of the offshore wind industry offshore wind farm. continues apace, so does OTY. Building on previous The offshore wind industry is undergoing growth OTYs, this 100-page edition includes a section on in every aspect of the sector and that is reflected in crew transfer vessel operators, which play a vital this latest edition of OTY. Turbines and foundations role in servicing the industry. are getting physically larger and so are the vessels As these pages document, CTVs and their used to install and service them. operators are evolving to meet the changing needs The growing geographical spread of the sector of the offshore wind development community. So is leading to new players in the fabrication space too are suppliers of installation vessels, cable-lay springing up and players in other markets entering vessels, turbines and other components. -
Wind Energy the Competitive Choice
IN FOCUS Canada Offshore WIND ENERGY THE COMPETITIVE CHOICE PROFILE Hydrogenics SEPTEMBER 2019 windsystemsmag.com The Leader in the field of Friction and Drag Reduction DSX Extra • Reduces wear while delivering faster reaction, cooler running and more power. • Provides shielded protection against wear, corrosion, carbonization and oxidation. DSX Defender II • Supports universal viscosity with all synthetic and • Repels debris, salt, mildew, tar conventional petroleum oils and and insects greases. • Provides ultraviolet screen • Embeds permanently in the metal surface asperities without Long-lasting protection • changing tolerances of bearings, DSX Defender II provides rings or pistons. a measurable reduction in • Contains no hazardous aerodynamic and hydrodynamic hydrocarbons or drag. chlorofluorocarbons (cfc’s). • Environmentally safe to DSX Defender III handle, ship, store and Includes a higher level of dispose of. fluoropolymers for greater protection and longer life. Recommended for the leading DSX Products are based on embedded particle edge of turbine blades and other technology. All DSX Products modify friction. critical areas. Basically, the fluoropolymer particles fill the voids in the surface of the materials creating a better fit and finish. +1-904-744-3400 www.dsxproducts.com CONTENTS 12 PROFILE IN FOCUS Hydrogenics, a leading producer of water electrolyzers and hydrogen fuel cells, has taken its innovative technology to the WIND ENERGY: next level. 22 THE COMPETITIVE CHOICE Affordable, flexible, and clean, wind energy is key to a modernized grid in Canada. OFFSHORE WIND’S WESTWARD EXPANSION As offshore wind eyes the West Coast, project sponsors will need to carefully consider issues that will develop. 16 OFFSHORE WIND IS READY FOR ITS AMERICAN MOMENT CONVERSATION The offshore oil and gas supply chain stands Laura Smith Morton, AWEA’s senior director, Policy & Regulatory Affairs, to benefit in a big way from the coming Offshore Wind, says the U.S. -
Offshore Wind: Can the United States Catch up with Europe? January 2016
Offshore Wind: Can the United States Catch up with Europe? January 2016 Wind energy power generation is on the rise around the world, due to its low fixed prices and lack of greenhouse gas emissions. A cumulative total of 369,553 megawatts (MW) of wind energy capacity was installed globally by the end of 2014.1 Of that total, only two percent came from offshore wind farms, which are able to capture stronger and more reliable ocean winds to generate electricity.2 Most offshore wind capacity is in Europe, where there are 3,072 grid-connected offshore wind turbines at 82 farms spanning 11 countries, for a total of 10,393.6 MW of wind energy capacity as of June 30, 2015.3 China, the leader in offshore wind in Asia, had 718.9 MW of installed capacity; Japan, 52 MW; and South Korea, 5 MW as of October 2015.4, 5, 6 In comparison, the United States is just beginning to invest in offshore wind energy, and is rapidly approaching the operational launch of its first commercial offshore wind farm. There is incredible potential for offshore wind development in the United States – the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has estimated the United States has over 4,000 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind potential, enough to power the country four times over.7 Installed Capacity European Union Offshore Wind Installed Capacity Offshore Wind (as of first quarter 2015) (as of first quarter 2015) Netherlands, 361 MW, 3% Sweden, 212 MW, 2% 10,393.60 Other, 60 MW, 1% Belgium, 712 MW, 7% United Kingdom, Germany, 5,017.00 2,760 MW, MW, 48% 27% 0.02 776 UNITED STATES E U R O P E A N CHINA, JAPAN, Denmark, 1,271 MW, 12% UNION SOUTH KOREA Figure 1: Megawatts of offshore wind in the world8 Figure 2: E.U. -
Gwec-2006 Final 01.Pdf
TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword. 1 Introduction: Booming wind markets put temporary strain on supply chains. 2 Global summary: The Status of the Global Wind Energy Markets . 7 Market forecast for 2007-2010. 12 COUNTRY REPORTS Europe . .16 European Union . 16 Germany. 20 Italy . 22 Poland. 24 Spain . 26 United Kingdom . 28 Americas . .30 United States . 30 Canada. 32 Brazil . 34 Mexico . 36 Asia . .38 India. 38 China. 40 Japan . 42 Korea. 44 Pacifi c. .46 Australia . 46 Africa. .48 Egypt. 48 Iran. 50 Morroco. 52 Conclusions: The need for solid political frameworks. 54 About GWEC . 56 Foreword 2006 was another booming year for the wind industry, The Global Wind Report 2006 is the second annual report with growth in annual installed capacity of 32 % globally, by GWEC on the status of global wind energy markets, and well ahead of our own projections. The market continued it clearly shows that wind energy today is a global business, to broaden, further establishing wind power as the leading with installations in over 70 countries. renewable energy technology – in the vanguard of the 21st century energy industry transformation. Globally, the value While Europe continues to lead the way, with 65 % of the of new generating plant installed in 2006 reached global market, the United States was the leader in new €18 billion, or US$24 billion. installed capacity for the second year running, bringing about 2,500 MW capacity of new plant on line in 2006. Against the backdrop of a growing acknowledgement of the twin crises of global climate change and energy security, The Asian market is also growing at a breathtaking rate, by wind power is the most effective means available now to 53 % in 2006. -
GWEC – Global Wind Report | Annual Market Update 2014
GLOBAL WIND REPORT ANNUAL MARKET UPDATE 2014 Navigating the global wind power market The Global Wind Energy Council is the international trade association for the wind power industry – communicating the benefits of wind power to national governments, policy makers and international institutions. GWEC provides authoritative research and analysis on the wind power industry in more than 80 countries around the world. Keep up to date with the most recent market insights: Global Wind Statistics 2014 February 2015 Global Wind Report 2014 March 2015 Global Wind Energy Outlook 2014 October 2014 Offshore Wind Policy and Market Assessment – A Global Outlook February 2015 Our mission is to ensure that wind power establishes itself as the answer to today‘s energy challenges, providing substantial venvironmental and economic benefits. GWEC represents the industry with or at the UNFCCC, the IEA, international financial institutions, the IPCC and IRENA. GWEC – opening up the frontiers follow us on TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword. 4 Making the Commitment to Renewable Energy. 5 Global Status of Wind Power in 2014 . 6 Market Forecast for 2015 – 2019. 16 Green bonds offer exciting opportunities for the wind sector . .22 Emerging Africa . .26 Australia . .30 Brazil . 32 Canada. .34 Chile . .36 PR China . .38 Denmark . .42 The European Union . .44 France . .46 Germany. .48 Global offshore . 52 India . .58 Italy . .60 Japan . .62 Mexico . .64 Poland . .66 South Africa . .68 Sweden . 70 Turkey . 72 United Kingdom. 74 United States . 76 About GWEC . 78 GWEC – Global Wind 2014 Report 3 FOREWORD 014 was a great year for the wind industry, setting a The two big stories in 2014 and going forward continue 2new record of more than 51 GW installed in a single to be the precipitous drop in the price of oil, and growing year, bringing the global total close to 370 GW. -
Wind Power a Victim of Policy and Politics
NNoottee ddee ll’’IIffrrii Wind Power A Victim of Policy and Politics ______________________________________________________________________ Maïté Jauréguy-Naudin October 2010 . Gouvernance européenne et géopolitique de l’énergie The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non- governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 978-2-86592-780-7 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2010 IFRI IFRI-BRUXELLES 27, RUE DE LA PROCESSION RUE MARIE-THERESE, 21 75740 PARIS CEDEX 15 – FRANCE 1000 – BRUXELLES – BELGIQUE Tel: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 Tel: +32 (0)2 238 51 10 Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Fax: +32 (0)2 238 51 15 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] WEBSITE: Ifri.org Executive Summary In December 2008, as part of the fight against climate change, the European Union adopted the Energy and Climate package that endorsed three objectives toward 2020: a 20% increase in energy efficiency, a 20% reduction in GHG emissions (compared to 1990), and a 20% share of renewables in final energy consumption. -
REPORT Wind Power in Cold Climate
Wind power in cold climate, Appendix – R&D-projects REPORT Wind Power in cold climate 5 September 2011 By: Elin Andersen, Elin Börjesson, Päivi Vainionpää & Linn Silje Undem Revised by: Christian Peterson Approved by: Eva-Britt Eklöf Assignment ref.: 10152935 Dated: 5 September 2011 Wind power in cold climate Revised: Christian Peterson Representative: Eva-Britt Eklöf Status: Final Report REPORT Wind power in cold climate Client Nordic Energy Research Stenbergsgatan 25 N-0170 Oslo NORGE Consultant WSP Environmental Box 13033 402 51 Göteborg Visitors: Rullagergatan 4 Phone: +46 31 727 25 00 Fax: +46 31 727 25 01 WSP Environment & Energy Sweden Corporate identity no.: 556057-4880 Reg. office: Stockholm www.wspgroup.se Contacts Eva-Britt Eklöf Phone: +46 31 727 28 93 Email: [email protected] 0 . 1 r e v 2 (77) Assignment ref.: 10152935 Dated: 5 September 2011 Wind power in cold climate Revised: Christian Peterson Representative: Eva-Britt Eklöf Status: Final Report Table of Contents 1 EXECUTIVESUMMARY............................................................................6 2 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................10 2.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Objectives and scope of work .............................................................................. 10 2.3 Methodology ...................................................................................................... -
Wind Energy in Sweden – Opportunities and Threats
Wind energy in Sweden – opportunities and threats Almedalen 2009 • Potential • Support system • Financial crisis • Local production The projects under construction together with smaller projects and single WTG’s are expected to contribute an additional 2 TWh of electricity before the end of 2010. Today Sweden produces 2 TWh of wind electricity, some 1.5 % of the Swedish consumption This map shows projects with all necessary permits in hand. Due to the global financial crisis, most of these projects will face a delay in terms of financial close. Almost all projects south of Lake Vänern are offshore projects and will only be built if the Government introduces a separate support system. Support system 1 Every electricity wholesaler has to show at least a certain Photovoltaic amount of these in their mix. He does this by buying certificates from the Wind power producer The amount of necessary certificates (the quota) Small hydro power rises up to 2016 Year 2016 Sweden will have 17 TWh more Bio power renewable electricity as compared to 2002 5 Support system 2 Two products to sell Electricity Price of electricity (€43/MWh) MWh Certificate Price of certificates (€30/MWh) 6 This example: €73 /MWh Wind investment in Sweden • Support system – Tradable green certificate system since 2003 • Works well and will result in 17 TWh new RES•E until 2016 – About 7 wind, 9 biomass CHP and 1 hydro • The system will be extended in time and volume to generate 25 TWh RES•E until 2020 – All of the additional 8 TWh will be wind • Required investment – Additional 13 TWh wind energy • requires about 5 000 MW installed capacity • Equals 2 500 2MW WTG’s • 7.5 billion euro The Financial Crisis • All industrial sectors are affected • Renewable energy sector will come out earlier than others. -
Manufacturing Climate Solutions Carbon-Reducing Technologies and U.S
Manufacturing Climate Solutions Carbon-Reducing Technologies and U.S. Jobs CHAPTER 11 Wind Power: Generating Electricity and Employment Gloria Ayee, Marcy Lowe and Gary Gereffi Contributing CGGC researchers: Tyler Hall, Eun Han Kim This research is an extension of the Manufacturing Climate Solutions report published in November 2008. It was prepared on behalf of the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) (http://www.edf.org/home.cfm). Cover Photo Credits: 1. Courtesy of DOE/NREL, Credit – Iberdrola Renewables, Inc. (formerly PPM Energy, Inc.) 2. Courtesy of DOE/NREL, Credit – Iberdrola Renewables, Inc. (formerly PPM Energy, Inc.) 3. Courtesy of DOE/NREL, Credit – Reseburg, Amanda; Type A Images © September 22, 2009. Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University The complete report is available electronically from: http://www.cggc.duke.edu/environment/climatesolutions/ As of September 22, 2009, Chapter 11 is not available in hardcopy. 2 Summary Wind power is a cost effective, renewable energy solution for electricity generation. Wind power can dramatically reduce the environmental impacts associated with power generated from fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). Electricity production is one of the largest sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the United States. Thus, adoption of wind power generating technologies has become a major way for the United States to diversify its energy portfolio and reach its expressed goal of 80% reduction in green house gas (GHG) emissions by the year 2050. The benefits of wind power plants include no fuel risk, no carbon dioxide emissions or air pollution, no hazardous waste production, and no need for mining, drilling or transportation of fuel (American Wind Energy Association, 2009a).