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Comparative Studies on Performance of CCC and Preparative RP-HPLC In s & H oid orm er o t n S f a l o S l c a Journal of i n e r n u c o e Zhang, et al., J Steroids Horm Sci 2015, 6:1 J .1000.150 ISSN: 2157-7536 Steroids & Hormonal Science DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536 Research Article Open Access Comparative Studies on Performance of CCC and Preparative RP-HPLC in Separation and Purification of Steroid Saponins from Dioscorea Zingiberensis C.H.Wright Xinxin Zhang1, Jianli Liu1, Wenji Sun1 and Yoichiro Ito2* 1Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China 2Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA *Corresponding author: Yoichiro Ito, Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, Tel: +1 (301) 496-1210; Fax: +1 (301) 402-0013; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Dec 29, 2014, Acc date: Feb 19, 2015, Pub date: Feb 25, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Zhang X, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Steroid Saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright were separated for the first time using two chromatographic methods for comparison: counter-current chromatography (CCC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and preparative reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with an ultraviolet detector. Ethyl acetate-n-butanol-methanol-water (4:1:2:4, v/v) was chosen as the two-phase solvent system for CCC, while the acetonitrile-water (25:75 for the first step and15:85 for the second step, v/v) was used as the mobile phase in the preparative RP-HPLC. The following five steroid Saponins were purified by these two chromatographic methods, in one-step operation by CCC and by two-step operation in preparative RP-HPLC: 1) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-△5(6)-en-3β,22ζ,26-triol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound A), 2) 26-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-△5(6)-en-3β,22ζ,26-triol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)- β-D-glucopyranoside (compound B), 3) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-△5(6)-en-3β,22ζ,26-triol-3-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound C), 4) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-△5(6), 20(22)-diene-3β,26-diol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β- D-glucopyranoside (compound D) and 5) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-△5(6), 20(22)-diene-3β,26-diol-3-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound E). The purities of these five steroid saponins separated by both methods were over 95%, and structural identification of these compounds was performed by ESI-MS, and 13C NMR. Comparison of these two established approaches revealed that CCC required a longer separation time but with less solvent consumption, whereas preparative RP-HPLC gave a shorter separation time but with higher solvent consumption. These results demonstrated that either of these two methods of different separation mechanism is feasible, economical and efficient for rapid preparative isolation and purification of steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright. Keywords: CCC; Preparative RP-HPLC; Steroid saponins; Dioscorea more carbohydrate residues [8]. Due to their similar structures and zingiberensis C.H.Wright relatively higher polarity, separation and purification often become difficult by means of the conventional chromatographic methods. In Introduction addition, the conventional method, such as column chromatography, needs repeated steps which are tedious, time-consuming, and may lead Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright, a unique plant native in to contamination problem. Furthermore, the overall yield of these China, is one of the most commonly used raw materials for Chinese methods is usually lower, because some of these compounds are Traditional Medicine (CTM) [1]. The steroid saponins, primarily irreversibly adsorbed onto the solid support during the separation contained in the rhizomes of this plant, are the main bioactive [9,10]. Therefore, finding much faster and more efficient methods is of components, and have been applied as a folk treatment for cough, great importance. anthrax, rheumarthritis, tumefaction, sprain as well as various cardiac diseases in the TCM for a long time [2-6]. Total steroid saponins With the development of modern separation techniques, counter- extracted from other plants of the Dioscoreaceae family are also widely current chromatography (CCC) and preparative reversed-phase high- used in clinic for the treatment of coronary heart disease. For example, performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) have been used for Di’aoxinxuekang capsules, containing 35% of total steroid saponins of isolation and purification of active components from traditional Dioscorea nipponica Makino, have been used for the treatment of Chinese herbs and other natural products. CCC is a support-free coronary heart disease for more than 10 years in China [7]. Owing to liquid-liquid partition method which eliminates irreversible their diverse bioactivities, much attention has been paid to the adsorption of samples onto the solid support, providing a wider range separation and purification of steroid saponins in recent years. It is of selection of two-phase solvent systems and yielding high purity and known that typical steroid saponins such as diosgenin contain one or recovery [11-15]. Being an amplification mode of analytic HPLC, preparative RP-HPLC has become a powerful tool due to its shorter J Steroids Horm Sci Volume 6 • Issue 1 • 150 ISSN:2157-7536 JSHS an open access journal Citation: Zhang X, Liu J, Sun W, Ito Y (2015) Comparative Studies on Performance of CCC and Preparative RP-HPLC in Separation and Purification of Steroid Saponins from Dioscorea Zingiberensis C.H.Wright. J Steroids Horm Sci 6: 1000.150. doi:10.4172/2157-7536.1000.150 Page 2 of 9 isolation time, excellent efficiency and high recovery [16-19]. Because double distilled water. The rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis of these remarkable characteristics, these two chromatographic C.H.Wright were provided by Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Industry methods play an important role in current biochemical researches. Co., Ltd (Jiangsu, China). In this paper we report for the first time the separation of five steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright using two Preparation of total Steroid Saponins different chromatographic methods, CCC and preparative RP-HPLC. Dried raw rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright (7 Kg) were powdered and extracted with 70% ethanol for three times. The Experimental pooled ethanol extract was evaporated to dryness by a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure, and the residues were redissolved Apparatus in water and subjected to centrifugation. Then, the supernatant was separated on a D-101 macroporous resin column by eluting with 60% Preparative CCC instrument employed in this study was a ethanol. The 60% ethanol effluent was collected, and concentrated TBE-300A CCC centrifuge (Tauto Biotech Co., Shanghai, China) under reduced pressure to provide a syrup which was redissolved in 2 equipped with a set of three-multilayer coil separation columns and a L of water again and extracted with an equal volume of n-butanol six 20-ml sample loop. The columns were made of times successively [20]. The pooled n-butanol extract was polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing of 1.5 mm I.D. with a total concentrated yielding 265 g of residues. In order to further enrich the capacity of 300 ml. The β values (β = r/R, where r is the revolution target components and remove impurities, the residues of n-butanol radius or the distance from the coil to the holder shaft, and R is the extract were separated on the silica gel column (100-160 mesh) by revolution radius or the distances between the holder axis and central eluting with dichloromethane-methanol-water (70:30:10). The effluent axis of the centrifuge) ranged from 0.5 at the internal layer to 0.8 at the was collected according to the Rf value between 0.2~0.5 on thin layer external layer. The revolution speed of the apparatus was regulated by chromatography (TLC) which was developed with a solvent composed a speed controller from 0 to 1000 rpm, and 850 rpm was used in this of dichloromethane-methanol-water (65:35:10) and then evaporated at study. The solvent was pumped into the column with a model 100 °C under reduced pressure. Finally, about 40 g of residues were TBP5002 constant flow pump (Tauto Biotech Co. Ltd, Shanghai, obtained for subsequent CCC and preparative RP-HPLC separations. China), and continuous effluent was monitored online with an Alltech 800 evaporative light scattering detector. The effluent was collected by Selection and preparation of two-phase solvent system for the DBS-100 automatic fraction collector (Huxi Analysis Instrument CCC Factory Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China). This software N2000 workstation (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China) was used to record the The two-phase solvent system was selected according to the chromatogram. partition coefficient (K) of each target component. Several kinds of solvent systems were prepared each at different volumes and Preparative RP-HPLC separation was performed on the Alltech equilibrated in a separation funnel at room temperature. The K values equipment system (Alltech Co. Ltd, California, USA) with a high were determined by HPLC analysis as follows: a suitable amount of pressure binary 627 HPLC pump, a manual 2 ml sample loop, and a total steroid saponins (10 mg) was added to 4.0 ml of the pre- preparative mode Model 500 UV (Chen Airlines Tech Instrument, equilibrated two-phase solvent system consisted of 2 ml of the upper Tianjin, China) single wavelength absorbance detector (4.5 µm cell).
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