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Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society Disclaimer These research output are entirely done by NMA experts and published on Joint Scientific Journal of National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia and Ethiopian Meteorological Society. For this reason, only NMA and EtMS are responsible for any enquiry. Cover page design and description The cover page was designed by Mr. Fitsum Bekele and Mr. Abate Getachew to indicate the content of the research mainly climate change and variability, climate and health, climate and agriculture and others. ii Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society Copyright © NMA and EtMS of Ethiopia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteoriological Society. iii Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society Citation: This research book series can be cited as: National Meteorological Agency (NMA) and Ethiopian Meteorological Society (EtMS). (2020). Joint Scientific Journal of National Meteorological Agency (NMA) and Ethiopian Meteorological Society (EtMS), Ethiopian Meteorological Research Series, First Series, Addis Ababa: Facil Printing Press, and can be downloaded from http://www.ethiomet.gov.et web site. Reviewed by: Mr. Fetene Teshome, Director General, National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia, Email:[email protected] Mr. Kinfe Hailemariam, Deputy Director General, National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia, Email:[email protected] Edited by: NMA Research Editorial Board 1. Mr. Fitsum Bekele 2. Mr Abate Getachew 3. Mr. Kassa Fekadu 4. Mr. Tsegaye Ketema 5. Mr. Henok Hailu 6. Mr. Aderajew Ademassu 7. Mr. Tareqegn AAbera 8. Ms. Almaz Tadesse iv Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society Foreword The core business of National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia (NMA) is to provide essential Weather, Climate and Early Warning services that contribute to socio-economic activities of the Nation and protect lives and property. This is achieved by collecting, analyzing forecasting and communicating Meteorological and related information to users. In provision of weather, climate and environment related services it is essential to put the users first and fully understanding why they need our services in their respective decision making systems. As clearly stipulated in the proclamation of NMA establishment, the main duties and responsibilities of NMA is to establish and operate national network of meteorological stations, collect all meteorological data and exchange in accordance of international agreement. Besides to this the Agency is also responsible to publish and disseminate meteorological information and forecast, provide early warning and advice on adverse weather and climate conditions and undertake meteorological research and studies. Therefore, conducting research and studies in the field of meteorology and applied sciences, which support the operational activities of the Agency and socio-economic development of the country, is among the mandates given to NMA by the Government of Ethiopia by proclamation number 201/1980s. By taking into account the country’s Second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II), NMA has developed sector-specific GTP II (2008-2012 Ethiopian Calendar) among other plans, publishing eleven research papers that enhances the Agency to provide timely and accurate weather information and climate services. For this reason, this research book, which has two chapters, is intended to support operational activities of the Agency and deliver effective meteorological services for the wider range of multi sector institutions, disaster risk managers, research communities and general public in Ethiopia. NMA has published a number of research series publications so far, but this Research Book is different among others since it encompasses different research findings of our users. Last but not least, NMA will continue to produce and disseminate research in order to deliver quality services to key socio economic sectors as well as to meet our customer’s satisfaction. Fetene Teshome Director General, National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia v Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society Preface One of the key targets of National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia via Meteorological Research and Study Directorate in the Second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II), which spans from the period 2008 to 2012 Ethiopian calendar, is to produce eleven research findings and publish these research products and others in the field of Meteorology and [related] applied sciences. Therefore, this research book has been designed to meet the requirements of our users with the following main objectives: - To improve weather and climate services of the Agency To support sustainable economic and social development of the country To document and disseminate research outputs for internal and external users of the Agency Based on the contents of the outputs this Research Book is divided in to two chapters. The first chapter contains research outputs from Meteorological data and Climatology, Meteorological Electronic and ICT and Meteorological Instrument and Civil Works Services provision. The second chapter focuses on improving Forecast, Early Warning and Applied Meteorological Services. In the process of publication of this research outputs contribution of individuals and society plays unreserved effort. In view of this, Meteorological Research and Study Directorate would like to thank all those who contributed by any means, particularly during the review and editorial process of the manuscript: Special thanks go to Research Editorial Board, Senior scientists of NMA experts; Directors of Head Quarter Directorate and Regional Meteorological Services Centers and special recognition for the research experts. Finally, Meteorological Research and Study Directorate would like to acknowledge Mr. Fetene Teshome Director General of NMA and Mr. Kinfe H/Mariam Deputy Director General of NMA for their unreserved support and curiosity to see this research book series. Fitsum Bekele Acting directorate director of Meteorological Research and Study of NMA vi Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society Table of Contents Foreword………………………………………………………………………………………………………..V Preface…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Vi Part one: Research Outputs to Improve Data Service Provision…………………………..1 1. Inter-Comparison of Observation between Parallel Conventional and Automated Weather Observatory in NMA of Ethiopia…………………………………………….……………….....2 2. Comparative Analysis of Observed Evaporation Data by NMA made Pan with Class-A Pan Evaporimeter at NMA, Ethiopia……………………………………………….……………......35 Part Two: Research Outputs to Improve Forecast,Early Warning and Applied Meteorological Services…………………………….………………..……….......56 3. Assessing The Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Production over Bale Zone of Ethiopia.........................................................................................................................….57 4. Season Classification and Integrated Impact of ENSO and IOD on Seasonal Rainfall over Southeast Ethiopian Low Lands………………………………………………….....……………..97 5. Intra Seasonal Rainfall Variability of Eastern and Central Oromia……………………………..130 6. Impact of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Malaria Transmission, a Case Study in East Showa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia…………………………………………..…..................146 7. Trend Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation on Selected Belg Rainfall Benefiting Areas of Ethiopia………………………………...…………………….....................................................185 8. Analysis of Climate Trend, Variability and Community Perception over Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia………………………………………………………………………………………………..211 9. The Effect of Climate Variability on Malaria Outbreak over Abol Woreda In Benishangul Regional State of Ethiopia…………………………………………………………………………..248 10. Assessing the Effect of Rainfall Variability And Farmers Perception on Teff Production: A Case Study In Guba Lafto Districts, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia……………………………..……273 11. Characterization of Rainy Season And ENSO Effect on Rainy Season In Amhara Region, Ethiopia………………………………………………………………………………………..…309 vii Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society Part one: Research Outputs to Improve Data Service Provision 1 Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY Inter-Comparison of Observation between Parallel Conventional and Automated Weather Observatoion in Ethiopia Yosef Tesfaye1 and Kinfe Hailemariam2 1Email:NMA ([email protected]), 2Email: NMA ([email protected]), P. o. Box 1090 JUNE, 2019 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA 2 Joint Scientifc Journal of National Meteorological Agency and Ethiopian Meteorological Society Acronyms and Abbreviations AWS Automated Weather Station CWS Conventional Station CLIDATA Climate Database GCOS Global Climate Observing System GIS Geographic Information System GPRS General Packet Radio Service GTS Global Telecommunication
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