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Du Parc Industriel Dans La Région Du Nord D’Haïti Etude des Impacts Environnementaux et Sociaux (EIES) du Parc Industriel dans la Région du Nord d’Haïti présenté au Ministère de l’Economie et des Finances de la République d’Haïti par Koios Associates LLC 99 Nagog Hill Road Acton, Massachusetts 01720 USA 13 mai, 2011 Koios Associates LLC: Etude des Impacts Environnementaux et Sociaux – Parc Industriel de la Région du Nord d’Haïti TABLE DES MATIERES TABLE DES MATIERES ................................................................................................................................. 1 Liste d’Abbréviations et de Sigles ............................................................................................................ 6 Résumé Exécutif ............................................................................................................................................. i Pour les eaux : ........................................................................................................................................................... vi Pour l’Environnement Marin : .......................................................................................................................... vii a. Eaux usées du parc industriel vii b. Eau de refroidissement de la centrale thermique vii c. Collecte et traitement des eaux usées viii d. Suivi de la qualité de l’eau viii e. Protection des ressources de l’écosystème de la Baie de Caracol viii 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 2. DESCRIPTION DU PROJET .................................................................................................................. 5 3. CADRE LEGAL ET INSTITUTIONNEL EN MATIERE DE PROTECTION DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT .................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Constitution d’Haïti de 1987 ............................................................................................................. 20 3.1.2 Ministère de l’Environnement et Décret du 26 Janvier 2006 ............................................. 20 3.1.4 Code Rural ................................................................................................................................................ 21 3.1.5 Décret du 27 octobree 1978 sur la pêche ................................................................................... 22 3.4.1 Établissement d’un Système National d’Aires Protégées Financièrement Soutenable (SNAP) ................................................................................................................................................ 24 3.4.2 Programme de Mitigation des Désastres Naturels (PMDN) ............................................ 24 4. CONDITIONS ENVIRONNEMENTALES DE BASE ......................................................................... 25 4.3.1 Paysage et topographie ....................................................................................................................... 25 4.3.2 Les sols ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 4.3.3 Végétation et écosystèmes terrestres .......................................................................................... 27 4.6.1 Climat et précipitations ..................................................................................................................... 29 4.6.2 Hydrologie des eaux de surface ...................................................................................................... 30 4.6.3 Qualité des eaux de surface .............................................................................................................. 33 4.6.4 Nappe phréatique ................................................................................................................................. 34 4.6.5 Qualité des Eaux Souterraines ......................................................................................................... 39 4.7.1 Qualité de l’air ........................................................................................................................................ 41 4.7.2 Bruits .......................................................................................................................................................... 41 5. IMPACTS ET RISQUES ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ........................................................................... 45 5.2.1 Polluants typiquement émis par l’industrie textile ................................................................ 49 5.2.2 Procédés industriels et polluants de SAE-A .............................................................................. 52 5.2.3 Procédés industriels et polluants associés aux activités d 54 5.3.1 Impacts potentiels ................................................................................................................................. 55 5.3.2 Mesures d’atténuation .........................................................................................................................e fabricant de meubles X 56 5.3.3 Impacts résiduels ................................................................................................................................... 57 5.4.1 Impacts potentiels ................................................................................................................................. 62 5.4.2 Impacts résiduels ................................................................................................................................... 63 5.4.3 Mesures d’atténuation ......................................................................................................................... 64 5.5.1 Impacts potentiels ................................................................................................................................. 66 5.6.1 Impacts Potentiels ................................................................................................................................. 68 5.6.3 Impacts Résiduels .................................................................................................................................. 69 5.7.1 Impacts ....................................................................................................................................................... 70 5.7.2 Mesures d’atténuation standard ..................................................................................................... 72 5.7.3 Impacts résiduels ................................................................................................................................... 74 5.8.1 Impacts ....................................................................................................................................................... 75 5.8.2 Mesures d’atténuation ......................................................................................................................... 77 5.8.3 Impacts résiduels ................................................................................................................................... 77 5.9.1 Impacts potentiels ................................................................................................................................. 77 5.9.2 Mesures d’Atténuation ........................................................................................................................ 79 5.9.4 Impacts résiduels ................................................................................................................................... 82 5.10.1 Impacts potentiels ............................................................................................................................... 83 5.10.2 Mesures d’atténuation ....................................................................................................................... 84 5.10.3 Impacts résiduels ................................................................................................................................. 86 5.11.1 Impacts Potentiels .............................................................................................................................. 87 5.11.2 Mesures d’Atténuation ...................................................................................................................... 88 5.12.1 Impacts .................................................................................................................................................... 89 5.12.2 Mesures d’atténuation ....................................................................................................................... 89 6. CADRE LEGAL ET INSTITUTIONNEL DE GESTION DES IMPACTS SOCIAUX ..................... 91 7. CONDITIONS SOCIALES ET CULTURELLES DE BASE ............................................................... 93 7.2.1 Caracol ........................................................................................................................................................ 94 7.2.2 Trou du Nord ........................................................................................................................................... 94 7.2.3 Limonade ................................................................................................................................................... 95 7.3.1
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