Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005 (The “Presidential Coin Act”), 31 U.S.C
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Coinage Act, 1873 [United States]
Volume II The Heyday of the Gold Standard, 1820-1930 1873 February 12 Coinage Act, 1873, United States: “An Act revising and amending the Laws relative to the Mints, Assay, offices, and Coinage of the United States.” With the passage of this Act, the US Congress demonetised silver and established its participation in the international gold standard. This effectively ended the official bimetallism that had existed in the United States since 1792 and demonetised silver. Initially, the consequences were limited as silver had been undervalued at the old 15:1 ratio; however, as demand for gold rose, a return to silver became increasingly attractive to those who suffered from the subsequent deflation—primarily farmers who witnessed dramatic reductions in commodity prices. Those who blamed the deflation for their financial woes came to refer to the Coinage Act as the ‘Crime of 1873’. ——— Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the mint of the United States is hereby established as a bureau of the Treasury Department, embracing in its organization and under its control all mints for the manufacture of com, and all assay offices for the stamping of bars, which are now, or which may be hereafter, authorized by law. The chief officer of the said bureau shall be denominated the director of the mint, and shall be under the general direction of the Secretary of the Treasury. He shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall hold his office for the term of five years, unless sooner removed by the President, upon reasons to be communicated by him to the Senate. -
Unique NGC Set of Paraguay Overstrikes
TM minterrornews.com Unique NGC Set of Paraguay Overstrikes Excited About Mint Errors? 18 Page Price Guide Issue 11 • Fall 2005 Join Error World Club Inside! errorworldclub.org A Mike Byers Publication Al’s Coins Dealer in Mint Errors and Currency Errors alscoins.com pecializing in Mint Errors and Currency S Errors for 25 years. Visit my website to see a diverse group of type, modern mint and major currency errors. We also handle regular U.S. and World coins. I’m a member of CONECA and the American Numismatic Association. I deal with major Mint Error Dealers and have an excellent standing with eBay. Check out my show schedule to see which major shows I will be attending. I solicit want lists and will locate the Mint Errors of your dreams. Al’s Coins P.O. Box 147 National City, CA 91951-0147 Phone: (619) 442-3728 Fax: (619) 442-3693 e-mail: [email protected] Mint Error News Magazine Issue 11 • F a l l 2 0 0 5 Issue 11 • Fall 2005 Publisher & Editor - Table of Contents - Mike Byers Design & Layout Sam Rhazi Mike Byers’ Welcome 4 Off-Center Errors 5 Contributing Editors Off-Metal Errors 8 Tim Bullard Allan Levy Clad Layer Split Off Errors 11 Contributing Writers Double Struck 1800 $10 Eagle in Upcoming Heritage Auction 13 Heritage Galleries & Auctioneers Unique NGC Set of Paraguay Overstrikes 14 Bob McLaughlin Saul Teichman 1877 Seated Quarter Die Trial Adjustment Strike 23 Advertising AD 582-602 Byzantine Gold Justin II Full Brockage 24 The ad space is sold out. -
Annual Report
NATIONAL BANK OF UKRAINE ANNUAL REPORT 2005 Dear Sirs, We would like to offer for your attention the Annual Report of the National Bank of Ukraine for 2005 prepared in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the National Bank of Ukraine". The major achievements of Ukraine's macroeconomic development in 2005 primarily were the households' real income growth, unemployment decrease, inflation rate lowering and acceleration in the rates of foreign capi- tal attraction to Ukraine. Ukrainian banks essentially increased crediting of the economy, and the individuals' deposits unprecedentedly grew. International reserves of the National Bank of Ukraine almost doubled. The National Bank of Ukraine's monetary policy in 2005 was aimed at sup- porting the hryvnia stability as a monetary prerequisite for the economic growth, at reaching the long-term social, structural and institutional goals. We consider that the publication of the information of the results of the National Bank of Ukraine activity for the reporting year will promote trans- parency of its work and retaining of confidence in the national monetary unit. I would like to assure you that the National Bank of Ukraine will continue the weighed monetary policy directed towards restraining the inflation rate, ensuring the economic recovery and raising the people's welfare. Sincerely, Governor of the National Bank of Ukraine Volodymyr Stelmakh Council of the National Bank of Ukraine (as at 1 January 2006) Valerii Heiets Valerii Alioshyn Serhii Buriak Anatolii Danylenko Olexander Dubrov Chairman -
The Signers of the U.S. Constitution
CONSTITUTIONFACTS.COM The U.S Constitution & Amendments: About the Signers (Continued) The Signers of the U.S. Constitution On September 17, 1787, the Constitutional Convention came to a close in the Assembly Room of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There were seventy individuals chosen to attend the meetings with the initial purpose of amending the Articles of Confederation. Rhode Island opted to not send any delegates. Fifty-five men attended most of the meetings, there were never more than forty-six present at any one time, and ultimately only thirty-nine delegates actually signed the Constitution. (William Jackson, who was the secretary of the convention, but not a delegate, also signed the Constitution. John Delaware was absent but had another delegate sign for him.) While offering incredible contributions, George Mason of Virginia, Edmund Randolph of Virginia, and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts refused to sign the final document because of basic philosophical differences. Mainly, they were fearful of an all-powerful government and wanted a bill of rights added to protect the rights of the people. The following is a list of those individuals who signed the Constitution along with a brief bit of information concerning what happened to each person after 1787. Many of those who signed the Constitution went on to serve more years in public service under the new form of government. The states are listed in alphabetical order followed by each state’s signers. Connecticut William S. Johnson (1727-1819)—He became the president of Columbia College (formerly known as King’s College), and was then appointed as a United States Senator in 1789. -
Modern Chinese Counterfeits of United States Coins a Collection of Observations and Tips to Help Survive the Modern Counterfeiting Epidemic
Modern Chinese Counterfeits of United States Coins A collection of observations and tips to help survive the modern counterfeiting epidemic. By: Thomas Walker I’ve had several requests for me to do a writeup on detecting modern Chinese counterfeits of Chinese coins, so here we go. In the past 2 decades, we have seen an influx of counterfeit US coins into the market to the scope of which we had never seen before. They are being mass-produced by Chinese counterfeiters in workshops dedicated to creating counterfeit coins of all types. Then these counterfeits are sold on wholesale sites (which I will not name so nefarious folks don’t go there) and can be bought for $1-2 (up to around $100 or more!) apiece from very reliable sellers. This is a low risk, high possible reward scenario for criminals and scammers. The price indicates the level of quality of the counterfeits, ranging from crappy obvious fakes (which still screw ignorant people out of hundreds of dollars) to high-quality fakes that can fool dealers and possibly even the leading third-party graders. The Chinese counterfeiters are no longer casting their counterfeits; the vast majority are die-struck on heavy-duty coin presses. In addition, the majority are not magnetic as they are being made of non-ferrous materials, such as brass. Of paramount importance to know is that the Chinese have determined that no US coin is too cheap or common to fake, so the logic that “a coin has to be real since it is not worth faking” should be thrown out the window. -
6 City Square (Circa 1911-1922)
1 6 City Square (circa 1911-1922) From: Boston Landmark Commission’s Charlestown Historic Resources Study 1981 (E. W. Gordon, Consultant)*: Number 6 City Square is a well-designed neoclassical bank building, faced with granite on the main façade and sidewalls of brick. There is a well executed mural on the south east wall with a tromp l’oeil Ionic portico, multi-pane round arched windows and dentilated entablature 6 City Square 2015 Original owner: Charlestown Trust Company Architecturally the former Charlestown Trust Company building is a fine example of early 20th century commercial 2 architecture. Particularly noteworthy are its main entrance’s elegant enframements- its portico in antis with monumental fluted Ionic columns and heavy dentilated and cornice-headed entablature. Also memorable is a mural, which covers the parking lot wall (possibly by Richard Haas?). 6 City Square entry detail, 1981 A Boston 200 plaque on the bank's main façade reads "In the late 18th century, no Charlestown resident as well known as Nathaniel Gorham. He was born here, became a successful 3 businessman and settled here with his family in the Gorham home fronting on City Square. During the Revolutionary war he served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Senate. He gained national recognition when he was named to the Continental Congress in the 1780s. He became its president in 1786 and signed the Constitution in 1787. He died in Charlestown in 1796". In 1875 three contiguous buildings number 6, 7, 8, 9 were located on this site. Two stables were located to the rear. At that time an E Baker owned this property. -
Harry Bass; Gilded Age
Th e Gilded Age Collection of United States $20 Double Eagles August 6, 2014 Rosemont, Illinois Donald E. Stephens Convention Center An Offi cial Auction of the ANA World’s Fair of Money Stack’s Bowers Galleries Upcoming Auction Schedule Coins and Currency Date Auction Consignment Deadline Continuous Stack’s Bowers Galleries Weekly Internet Auctions Continuous Closing Every Sunday August 18-20, 2014 Stack’s Bowers and Ponterio – World Coins & Paper Money Request a Catalog Hong Kong Auction of Chinese and Asian Coins & Currency Hong Kong October 7-11, 2014 Stack’s Bowers Galleries – U.S. Coins August 25, 2014 Our 79th Anniversary Sale: An Ocial Auction of the PNG New York Invitational New York, NY October 29-November 1, 2014 Stack’s Bowers Galleries –World Coins & Paper Money August 25, 2014 Ocial Auction of the Whitman Coin & Collectibles Baltimore Expo Baltimore, MD October 29-November 1, 2014 Stack’s Bowers Galleries – U.S. Coins & Currency September 8, 2014 Ocial Auction of the Whitman Coin & Collectibles Baltimore Expo Baltimore, MD January 9-10, 2015 Stack’s Bowers Galleries – World Coins & Paper Money November 1, 2014 An Ocial Auction of the NYINC New York, NY January 28-30, 2015 Stack’s Bowers Galleries – U.S. Coins November 26, 2014 Americana Sale New York, NY March 3-7, 2015 Stack’s Bowers Galleries – U.S. Coins & Currency January 26, 2015 Ocial Auction of the Whitman Coin & Collectibles Baltimore Expo Baltimore, MD April 2015 Stack’s Bowers and Ponterio – World Coins & Paper Money January 2015 Hong Kong Auction of Chinese and Asian Coins & Currency Hong Kong June 3-5, 2015 Stack’s Bowers Galleries – U.S. -
A Researcher's Guide
Ontario County - The Way We Were DIRECTIONS TO THE ONTARIO COUNTY RECORDS AND Established in 1789, Ontario County encompassed ARCHIVES CENTER The Ontario County all of western New York State from the Pre-emption line to Lake Erie and from Lake Ontario to the Pennsylvania border. Now fourteen separate The Ontario County Records and Archives Center Records and Archives counties, the early history of this vast area is retained is located in the County Complex at Hopewell off in the records of the parent County. of County Road #46. Center The Hartford Treaty of 1786 settled the conflicting claims of Massachusetts and New York, awarding From the Thruway: political sovereignty to New York and the right of pre-empting and selling the Iroquois-controlled land Take the Canandaigua Exit (Route 332). Follow to Massachusetts. In 1787, Massachusetts sold its Route 332 to Canandaigua (Main Street). Turn left 3051 County Complex Drive rights to the six-million acre tract to Oliver Phelps on Phelps Street (by the Fire House). Phelps Street County Complex at Hopewell and Nathaniel Gorham. The 1788 Buffalo Creek will become County Road #46. After crossing Smith Treaty, negotiated by Phelps, eliminated the native Road, watch on the right for the entrance to the Canandaigua, NewYork 14424 American claim to the 2,250,000 acre eastern County Complex in Hopewell (about three miles (585) 396-4376 portion. The western part reverted to Massachusetts from Canandaigua Main Street). Follow the signs ownership and was later sold to Pennsylvania to the Records and Archives Center. financier Robert Morris. Phelps and Gorham surveyed the Purchase into From Geneva: ranges and townships, establishing the first land office of its kind in Canandaigua. -
The Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention Woman (to Benjamin Franklin): “Well, Doctor, what have we got—a Republic or a Monarchy?” Benjamin Franklin: "A Republic, if you can keep it.” - McHenry, The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787 Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, Oil on Canvas, Howard Chandler Christy The hundred day debate known as the Constitutional Convention was one of the most momentous occurrences in United States Constitutional History, and the events that would take place in the Pennsylvania State House during that time would set the United States on the course towards becoming a true Constitutional Republic. The Convention took place from May 14 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The point of the event was decide how America was going to be governed. Although the Convention had been officially called to revise the existing Articles of Confederation, many delegates had much bigger plans. Men like James Madison and Alexander Hamilton wanted to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. 70 Delegates had been appointed by the original states to attend the Constitutional Convention, but only 55 were able to be there. Rhode Island was the only state to not send any delegates at all. As history played out, the result of the Constitutional Convention was the United States Constitution, but it wasn't an easy path. The drafting process was grueling. They wanted the supreme law of the United States to be perfect. The first two months of the Convention saw fierce debate over the 15 points of the "Virginia Plan" which had been proposed by Madison as an upgrade to the Articles of Confederation. -
Digest of Criminal Laws 2019
D I DIGEST G OF E CRIMINAL S T LAWS A service of the Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commissions Albert L. Liebno, Acting Executive Director Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services Robert L. Green, Secretary State of Maryland Larry, Hogan, Governor Boyd K. Rutherford, Lt. Governor 2 0 1 REVISED OCTOBER 1, 2019 Printed on Recycled Paper 9 DIGEST OF CRIMINAL LAWS October 1, 2019 Distributed by: Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commissions 6852 4th Street Sykesville, Maryland 21784 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Useful Phone and Contact Information ..................................7 II. General Police Powers ..............................................................9 Arrest – Authority .......................................................................9 Authority of Federal Law Enforcement Officers ................10 Authority of Police Officers .................................................9 Charging by Citation ..........................................................10 Definition: Distinction Between Felony Arrests and Misdemeanor Arrests ..........................................................9 Exemptions from Arrest ......................................................10 Arrest Powers and Other Authority – Miscellaneous Officer ...18 Authority of Officers of Other States to Arrest in Maryland – Fresh Pursuit ...............................................22 Authority of Parole and Probation Agents ..........................18 Humane Society Officers Arrest Powers – Cruelty ............22 Military -
Coins, Bank Notes, Stamps & Medals
COINS, BANK NOTES, STAMPS & MEDALS Tuesday, November 7, 2017 NEW YORK COINS, BANK NOTES, STAMPS & MEDALS AUCTION Tuesday, November 7, 2017 at 2pm EXHIBITION Saturday, November 4, 10am – 5pm Sunday, November 5, Noon – 5pm Monday, November 6, 10am – 6pm LOCATION Doyle New York 175 East 87th Street New York City 212-427-2730 www.Doyle.com SHIPPING INFORMATION Shipping is the responsibility of the buyer. Upon request, our Client Services Department will provide a list of shippers who deliver to destinations within the United States and overseas. Kindly disregard the sales tax if an I.C.C. licensed shipper will ship your purchases anywhere outside the state of New York or the District of Columbia. Catalogue: $25 CONTENTS POSTAGE STAMPS 1001-1082 WORLD CURRENCY 1092-1099 UNITED STATES COINS 1162-1298 Australia 1001 China 1092-1097 Large Cent 1162 Austria 1002 Palestine/Israel 1098 3 Cents Nickel 1163, 1164 British North America 1003 Mixed Groups 1099 Seated Half Dime 1165 China 1004-1006 Nickels 1165-1169 France 1007 UNITED STATES CURRENCY 1100-1120 Seated Dime 1170 Germany 1008 Continental & Colonials 1100-1105 Barber Quarter 1171 Great Britain 1009-1011 Large & Small Size 1106-1117 Half Dollars 1172-1178 Iran 1012 Military Certificates 1118-1119 Commemorative Halves 1179-1185 Israe l 1013, 1014 Mixed Group 1099-1120 Silver Dollars 1186-1215 Japan 1015 Gold $1 1216-1218 World Wide Collections 1016-1022 WORLD COINS & TOKENS 1121-1161 Grant $1 1219 World Wide Postal History 1025-1027 Ancients 1121-1143 Gold $2 ½ 1220-1230 United States Stamps -
Creation of Order of Chivalry Page 0 of 72
º Creation of Order of Chivalry Page 0 of 72 º PREFACE Knights come in many historical forms besides the traditional Knight in shining armor such as the legend of King Arthur invokes. There are the Samurai, the Mongol, the Moors, the Normans, the Templars, the Hospitaliers, the Saracens, the Teutonic, the Lakota, the Centurions just to name a very few. Likewise today the Modern Knight comes from a great variety of Cultures, Professions and Faiths. A knight was a "gentleman soldier or member of the warrior class of the Middle Ages in Europe. In other Indo-European languages, cognates of cavalier or rider French chevalier and German Ritter) suggesting a connection to the knight's mode of transport. Since antiquity a position of honor and prestige has been held by mounted warriors such as the Greek hippeus and the Roman eques, and knighthood in the Middle Ages was inextricably linked with horsemanship. Some orders of knighthood, such as the Knights Templar, have themselves become the stuff of legend; others have disappeared into obscurity. Today, a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries, such as the English Order of the Garter, the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim, and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility, but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state to selected persons to recognize some meritorious achievement. In the Legion of Honor, democracy became a part of the new chivalry. No longer was this limited to men of noble birth, as in the past, who received favors from their king.