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Pelipatan Tubuh, Perkembangan Sistem Pernafasan Dan Pencernaan

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Pelipatan Tubuh, Perkembangan Sistem Pernafasan Dan Pencernaan Pelipatan tubuh, Perkembangan Sistem Pernafasan dan Pencernaan Lab. Embriologi FKH-IPB Isi • Pendahuluan Perkembangan usus primitif (Endoderm) • Pelipatan tubuh embrio (embryonic folding) dan pembentukan rongga tubuh • Perkembangan daerah faring • Perkembangan saluran pernafasan • Perkembangan saluran pencernaan • Contoh-contoh malformasi kongenital Pendahuluan • Pelipatan tubuh embrio (embryonic folding) - Embrio flat silinder - Membentuk usus primitif (mulut sampai anus) - Reposisi struktur, mis: posisi jantung 1. Pelipatan cranial 2. Pelipatan caudal 3. Pelipatan lateral Pendahuluan ENDODERM USUS PRIMITIF: 1.TRACT. DIGESTIVUS (ORGAN PENCERNAAN) 2. TRACT. RESPIRATORIUS (ORGAN PERNAFASAN) Pendahuluan USUS PRIMITIF: USUS DEPAN = FOREGUT STOMODEUM USUS TENGAH = MIDGUT KANTUNG KUNING TELUR USUS BELAKANG = HINDGUT KLOAKA PELIPATAN TUBUH (PEMBENTUKAN RONGGA TUBUH) Pelipatan Tubuh Embrio Perk. Usus primitif Usus depan (foregut) Usus belakang (hindgut) Usus tengah (mid gut) Stomodeum (rongga mulut) Membran oropharyngeal Proctodeum Membran anal Endoderm Endoderm Pelipatan endoderm (usus depan) buluh endoderm (usus depan) Mesenterium Perk. Usus primitif Penggantung usus (mesenterium) Meso- Meso- Meso- gastricum duodenum duodenum Diafragma Perk. Diafragma Septum transversum Membran pleuroperitoneal Esophageal mesoderm Dinding tubuh (paraxial mesoderm) Rongga Pleura Perk. Rongga Pleura Intraembryonic coelom Pleuropericardial fold Pleura cavity Pericardial cavity Oesophagus Rongga pleura Tunas paru-paru PERKEMBANGAN PHARYNX (review, lihat kembali perkembangan daerah kepala dan leher) Perkembangan Pharynx Alur/Celah (Ektoderm) Lengkung (Mesoderm) Kantong (Endoderm) Kantong faring Kantong pharyngeal Pharynx Perkembangan Pharynx PHARYNX: 1. LENGKUNG PHARYNX 2. KANTUNG PHARYNX (KP) KANTONG PHARYNX-1: - TUBA EUSTACHII: menghub. R. Telinga Tengah & pharynx - R. TELINGA TENGAH MEMBRANA TYMPANICUM (GENDANG TELINGA) KANTONG PHARYNX -2: - FOSSA - TONSIL PALATINUM Perkembangan Pharynx KANTONG PHARYNX-3: - DOSAL: KELJ. PARATIROID EXTERNA - VENTRAL: KELJ. THYMUS (diferensiasi limfosit T) KANTONG PHARYNX-4: - DORSAL: KELJ. PARATIROID INTERNA - VENTRAL: CORPUS ULTIMOBRANCHIALIS KANTONG PHARYNX-5: RUDIMENTER Perkembangan Pharynx 3. CELAH PHARYNX (CP) CP-1: MEDIATUS AUDITORIUS EXTERNUS CP-2 CP-3 bergabung SINUS CERVICALIS (rudimenter) CP-4 Kelenjar Thyroid Perk. Kelenjar Tiroid Thyroid diverticulum Thyroglosal duct degenerasi Kantong Pharynx Perk. Kantong Pharynx 1. Tubotympanic recess 2. Palatine tonsil 3. Inferior parathyroid 3. Thymus 4. Superior parathyroid 5. Ultimobranchial body Kantong Pharynx Perk. Kantong Pharynx 1. Tubotympanic recess 2. Palatine tonsil 3. Inferior parathyroid 3. Thymus 4. Superior parathyroid 5. Ultimobranchial body TRACT. RESPIRATORIUS (ORGAN PERNAFASAN) DIVERTICULUM PHARYXN CAUDAL (KP-4) TABUNG LARYNGOTRACHEALIS TUNAS PARU-PARU: - BRONCHUS DEXTRA - BRONCHUS SINISTRA - BRONCHUS TRACHEALIS (ruminan & babi) SURFACTANT: PHOSPHOLIPOPROTEIN (menurunkan tegangan permukaan alveoli) EPIGLOTIS: mencegah masuknya cairan ke dalam trachea Laryngo- Pharynx Oesophagus trachea Tunas paru-paru Perkembangan Paru-paru Perk. Paru-Paru Usus depan Tunas paru-paru Bronchus bronchiolus Perkembangan Paru-paru Perk. Paru-Paru Usus depan Tunas paru-paru Bronchus bronchiolus Saccus terminalis Mature alveolus secrete pulmonary surfactant // respiratory distress syndrome!!!! Malformasi Kongenital Hernia Diafragmatica Organ viscera rongga pleura Malformasi Kongenital Esophagotracheal fistula Oesophagus buntu di proksimal Trachea berhubungan dengan oesophagus TRACT. DIGESTIVUS (ORGAN PENCERNAAN) FOREGUT (USUS DEPAN): 1. OESOPHAGUS: usus depan bagian dorsal 2. LAMBUNG: perluasan usus depan PERPUTARAN ROTASI: - SISI KIRI KE DEPAN - SISI KANAN KE BELAKANG PERPUTARAN SUMBU MEMANJANG: -DINDING BELAKANG CURVATURA MAYOR: - RUMEN - RETICULUM - SISI DEPAN CURVATURA MINOR: - OMASUM 3. DUODENUM: asal foregut & midgut 4. HATI & EMPEDU: diverticulum forgut bag. distal A. DUCT CHOLEDOCHUS: DUCT HEPATICUS + DUCT CYSTICUS B. TALI EPITEL HATI: membentuk HEPATOSIT C. SEPTUM TRANSFERSUM (MESODERM): - SEL HEMOPOETIK - SEL KUPFFER - JAR. IKAT FUNGSI HATI FETUS: membentuk sel darah (hemopoetik) 5. KELENJAR PANKREAS - TUNAS PANKREAS DORSALIS LOBUS KIRI - TUNAS PANKREAS VENTRALIS LOBUS KANAN - SAL. PANKREAS DORSAL DUCTUS PANKREAS AKSESORIS - SAL. PANKREAS VENTTRAL DUCTUS PANKREAS - SEL ASINAR: KELJ. EKSOKRIN ENZIM PENCERNAAN - PULAU LANGERHANS: KELJ. ENDOKRIN (INSULIN & GLUKAGON) Usus Primitif Perk. Usus Primitif Usus depan, tengah, belakang Tangkai KKT Allantois Usus Depan Perkembangan Usus Depan Pharynx Oesophagus Tunas Paru-paru Lambung Tunas hati Tunas empedu Duodenum Lambung Perkembangan Lambung Pembesaran lokal Rotasi Perlekukan dan perluasan curvatura mayor, minor Pankreas Perkembangan Pankreas Tunas pankreas dorsal duktus aksesoris Tunas pankreas ventral duktus utama Pankreas Manusia, kuda, anjing Domba, kucing Sapi, babi Usus Tengah MIDGUT (USUS TENGAH): A. USUS HALUS: - DISTAL DUODENUM - YEYENUM - ILEUM B. USUS BESAR: - CAECUM - CRANIAL COLON Usus Tengah Perkembangan usus tengah Bagian distal usus halus Bagian cranial usus besar Usus Tengah Perkembangan usus tengah colon, caecum babi carnivora kuda ruminansia Usus Belakang HINDGUT (USUS BELAKANG): A.DISTAL COLON B.RECTUM bermuara di KLOAKA bersama ALANTOIS MEMBRAN KLOAKA: - MEMBRAN ANAL ANUS - MEMBRAN UROGENITAL ALAT KELM LUAR bagian dalam: endoderm bagian luar: ektoderm Anus Pemisahan anus-saluran kelamin/kemih Kloaka permuaraan allantois & usus belakang (rectum) Urorectal septum sinus urogenital & anorectal canal Malformasi Kongenital Cincin pankreas Tunas pankreas ventral dua lobus menekan duodenum Malformasi Kongenital Duplikasi dan stenosis usus Terjadi pada saat recanalisasi saluran usus Malformasi Kongenital Meckel’s diverticulum, Fistula & Kista omphalomesenteric, diverticulum fistula kista Lig. fibrosa Malformasi Kongenital Urachal Sinus, Diverticulum, Cyst fistula Pertanyaan-Pertanyaan? • Apakah asal-usul saluran pencernaan dan pernafasan berasal dari lapis kecambah yang sama? Struktur asal yang sama? • Bagaimana usus primitif terbentuk? Apa saja rongga tubuh? Bagaimana rongga tubuh tersebut terbentuk? • Jelaskan perkembangan daerah faring! • Sebutkan tiga pembagian usus primitif! Sebutkan masing-masing bagian usus primitif tersebut akan berkembang menjadi apa! Sebutkan bagian faring yang mana yang berasal dari usus primitif! • Sebutkan dan jelaskan contoh-contoh malformasi kongenital pada bagian diafragma, saluran pernafasan dan saluran pencernaan!.
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