Failure to Capture and Treat Wastewater
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State of Utah DIVISION of WASTE MANAGEMENT GARY R
Department of Environmental Quality L. Scott Baird Executive Director State of Utah DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT GARY R. HERBERT AND RADIATION CONTROL Governor Ty L. Howard SPENCER J. COX Director Lieutenant Governor November 5, 2020 Cassady Kristensen Environmental Business Partner Rio Tinto Kennecott 4700 Daybreak Parkway South Jordan, UT 84009 RE: Kennecott Utah Copper Tailings Impoundment Refuse Class IIIb Landfill Permit Dear Ms. Kristensen: The Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control (Division) has completed its review of the application to permit the Rio Tinto Kennecott Utah Copper Tailings Impoundment Refuse Class IIIb Landfill located on the Rio Tinto Kennecott Tailings Impoundment facility in Salt Lake County, Utah. Enclosed with this letter is the approved Permit Number 1905 and applicable attachments from portions of the application. The Permit approval and expiration dates are shown on the permit cover page. Also, the Statement of Basis for this permit (DSHW-2020-014707) is included with the permit. If you have any questions, please call Doug Taylor at (801) 536-0240. Sincerely, Ty L. Howard, Director Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control (Over) DSHW-2020-014711 195 North 1950 West • Salt Lake City, UT Mailing Address: P.O. Box 144880 • Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4880 Telephone (801) 536-0200 • Fax (801) 536-0222 • T.D.D. (801) 536-4284 www.deq.utah.gov Printed on 100% recycled paper TLH/DT/ar Enclosures: Permit (DSHW-2020-004084) Attachment #1 - Landfill Design (DSHW-2020-004510) Attachment #2 – Operation Plan (DSHW- 2020-004512) Attachment #3 – Closure and Post-Closure Plan (DSHW-2020-004514) Statement of Basis (DSHW-2020-014707) c: Gary Edwards, MS, Health Officer, Salt Lake County Health Dept. -
Assessment of the Possible Reuse of Extractive Waste Coming from Abandoned Mine Sites: Case Study in Gorno, Italy
sustainability Article Assessment of the Possible Reuse of Extractive Waste Coming from Abandoned Mine Sites: Case Study in Gorno, Italy Neha Mehta 1,2, Giovanna Antonella Dino 1,*, Iride Passarella 3, Franco Ajmone-Marsan 4, Piergiorgio Rossetti 1 and Domenico Antonio De Luca 1 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; [email protected] (N.M.); [email protected] (P.R.); [email protected] (D.A.D.L.) 2 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK 3 Horizon s.r.l., 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-011-6705150 Received: 21 January 2020; Accepted: 17 March 2020; Published: 21 March 2020 Abstract: Supply of resources, a growing population, and environmental pollution are some of the main challenges facing the contemporary world. The rapid development of mining activities has produced huge amounts of waste. This waste, found in abandoned mine sites, provides the potential opportunity of extracting raw material. The current study, therefore, focuses on testing the validation of a shared methodology to recover extractive waste from abandoned mines, and applies this methodology to a case study in Gorno, northwest Italy. The methods focused on: (1) analyzing the impact of tailings and fine fraction of waste rock (<2 mm) on plants (Cress - Lepidium Sativum) to assess usability of both as soil additive, and (2) recovering raw materials from tailings and coarse fraction (>2 mm) of waste rock, by means of dressing methods like wet shaking table and froth flotation. -
Federal Register/Vol. 79, No. 206/Friday, October 24, 2014/Rules
63540 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 206 / Friday, October 24, 2014 / Rules and Regulations ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION deletion of these parcels does not were to contain and control sources of AGENCY preclude future actions under contamination. Surface water and Superfund. ground water quality were not 40 CFR Part 300 DATES: This action is effective October specifically addressed in the remedies [EPA–HQ–SFUND–1983–0002; FRL–9918– 24, 2014. for these operable units. Site-wide water quality is specifically addressed in 37–Region 8] ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket OU12, which is an active operable unit. National Oil and Hazardous Identification No. EPA–HQ–SFUND– Under OU12, response action can be Substances Pollution Contingency 1983–0002. All documents in the docket conducted anywhere on the Site if Plan; National Priorities List: Partial are listed on the http:// needed to address releases that impact Deletion of the California Gulch www.regulations.gov Web site. Although or may impact water quality goals in the Superfund Site listed in the index, some information is Arkansas River. In OU4, OU5 and OU7, all responses actions have been AGENCY: Environmental Protection not publicly available, i.e., Confidential completed and institutional controls are Agency. Business Information or other in place. A responsiveness summary ACTION: Final rule. information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other was prepared and placed in both the SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection material, such as copyrighted material, docket, EPA–HQ–SFUND–1983–0002, Agency (EPA) Region 8 announces the is not placed on the Internet and will be on www.regulations.gov, and in the deletion of the Operable Unit 4 (OU4), publicly available only in hard copy local repository listed above. -
Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture: Good Practice Examples
SAFE USE OF WASTEWATER IN AGRICULTURE: GOOD PRACTICE EXAMPLES Hiroshan Hettiarachchi Reza Ardakanian, Editors SAFE USE OF WASTEWATER IN AGRICULTURE: GOOD PRACTICE EXAMPLES Hiroshan Hettiarachchi Reza Ardakanian, Editors PREFACE Population growth, rapid urbanisation, more water intense consumption patterns and climate change are intensifying the pressure on freshwater resources. The increasing scarcity of water, combined with other factors such as energy and fertilizers, is driving millions of farmers and other entrepreneurs to make use of wastewater. Wastewater reuse is an excellent example that naturally explains the importance of integrated management of water, soil and waste, which we define as the Nexus While the information in this book are generally believed to be true and accurate at the approach. The process begins in the waste sector, but the selection of date of publication, the editors and the publisher cannot accept any legal responsibility for the correct management model can make it relevant and important to any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, expressed or the water and soil as well. Over 20 million hectares of land are currently implied, with respect to the material contained herein. known to be irrigated with wastewater. This is interesting, but the The opinions expressed in this book are those of the Case Authors. Their inclusion in this alarming fact is that a greater percentage of this practice is not based book does not imply endorsement by the United Nations University. on any scientific criterion that ensures the “safe use” of wastewater. In order to address the technical, institutional, and policy challenges of safe water reuse, developing countries and countries in transition need clear institutional arrangements and more skilled human resources, United Nations University Institute for Integrated with a sound understanding of the opportunities and potential risks of Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources wastewater use. -
Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study of Economics and Performance of Solar Photovoltaics at the Chino Mine in Silver City, New Mexico A Study Prepared in Partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency for the RE-Powering America’s Land Initiative: Siting Renewable Energy on Potentially Contaminated Land and Mine Sites Kosol Kiatreungwattana, Jesse Geiger, Victoria Healey, and Gail Mosey Produced under direction of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) under Interagency Agreement IAG-09-1751 and Task No. WFD3.1001. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Technical Report NREL/TP-7A30-57959 April 2013 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Feasibility Study of Economics and Performance of Solar Photovoltaics at the Chino Mine in Silver City, New Mexico A Study Prepared in Partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency for the RE-Powering America’s Land Initiative: Siting Renewable Energy on Potentially Contaminated Land and Mine Sites Kosol Kiatreungwattana, Jesse Geiger, Victoria Healey, and Gail Mosey Prepared under Task No. WFD3.1001 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/TP-7A30-57959 Golden, CO 80401 April 2013 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This manuscript has been authored by employees of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (“Alliance”) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the U.S. -
Robinson Mine Plan of Operations Amendment Draft Environmental Impact Statement DOI-BLM-NV-L060-2020-0008-EIS
Robinson Mine Plan of Operations Amendment Draft Environmental Impact Statement DOI-BLM-NV-L060-2020-0008-EIS U.S. Department of the Interior Estimated Cost to Prepare this Bureau of Land Management Draft Environmental Impact Statement Bristlecone Field Office Bureau of Land Management (Cost Recovery): 702 North Industrial Way $224,000.00 Ely, Nevada 89301-9408 Proponent: $1,016,000.00 December 2020 United States Department of the Interior BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Ely District Office 702 North Industrial Way Ely, Nevada 89301 https://www.blm.gov/nevada In Reply Refer To: 3809 (NVL0600) NVN-68654 December 2020 Dear Reader: Attached for your review and comment is the Robinson Mine Plan of Operations Amendment Draft Environmental Impact Statement (draft EIS) prepared by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Ely District, Bristlecone Field Office. The BLM prepared this document to provide an objective analysis of the Proposed Action and alternatives based on the best available science and thus to inform a BLM decision about whether or not to approve a proposed amendment to the Plan of Operations for the Robinson Project (Mine Plan) as submitted to the BLM by the KGHM Robinson Nevada Mining Company (hereafter KGHM Robinson). This EIS was developed in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, implementing regulations, BLM’s NEPA Handbook (H-1790-1), and other applicable laws and policy. Because the notice of intent for this EIS was issued before September 14, 2020, the BLM developed this EIS in accordance with the 1978, as amended, Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations for implementing NEPA (40 Code of Federal Regulations 1500–1508 from 1978, as amended in 1986 and 2006). -
2.2 Sewage Sludge Incineration
2.2 Sewage Sludge Incineration There are approximately 170 sewage sludge incineration (SSI) plants in operation in the United States. Three main types of incinerators are used: multiple hearth, fluidized bed, and electric infrared. Some sludge is co-fired with municipal solid waste in combustors based on refuse combustion technology (see Section 2.1). Refuse co-fired with sludge in combustors based on sludge incinerating technology is limited to multiple hearth incinerators only. Over 80 percent of the identified operating sludge incinerators are of the multiple hearth design. About 15 percent are fluidized bed combustors and 3 percent are electric. The remaining combustors co-fire refuse with sludge. Most sludge incinerators are located in the Eastern United States, though there are a significant number on the West Coast. New York has the largest number of facilities with 33. Pennsylvania and Michigan have the next-largest numbers of facilities with 21 and 19 sites, respectively. Sewage sludge incinerator emissions are currently regulated under 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart O and 40 CFR Part 61, Subparts C and E. Subpart O in Part 60 establishes a New Source Performance Standard for particulate matter. Subparts C and E of Part 61--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)--establish emission limits for beryllium and mercury, respectively. In 1989, technical standards for the use and disposal of sewage sludge were proposed as 40 CFR Part 503, under authority of Section 405 of the Clean Water Act. Subpart G of this proposed Part 503 proposes to establish national emission limits for arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and total hydrocarbons from sewage sludge incinerators. -
The Chino Mine/Santa Rita Open Pit Oct97 News Nuggets by Dave Moats
The Chino Mine/Santa Rita Open Pit Oct97 News Nuggets By Dave Moats The Santa Rita del Cobre Mine was old when the gold rush began. Lt. Col. Jose Manuel Carrasco, it is said, ignored his orders to destroy the Apache and, instead, did a favor for one of the Indians who showed Carrasco a piece of native copper and told him where to find more. Around 1800, Carrasco and a party of 24 arrived in Santa Rita and opened the second oldest copper mine in the territory that later became the United Sates (only Lake Superior’s deposits were known earlier). Indians harvested the copper that "grew from the ground in fern-like pieces" and Mangas Coloradas or "Red Sleeves", chief of the Apache nation following the death of Apache chief Juan Jose, sent arrows tipped with copper flying into Gold Rush camps as his "calling cards" after friendly Indians were massacred in 1837 by a howitzer Americans had concealed in the brush. Eventually, the Indians cut off all supplies, starving remnants of the camp fled southward and Santa Rita remained a ghost town until 1860. Trappers seeking beaver along the Gila River learned about the mine. Kit Carson wrote of storing a load of furs in an old mine opening in Santa Rita. Sylvester Pattie decided to remain after making a deal with Ortiz, came close to buying the property, and left in disgust when a trusted employee absconded with $30,000 of his working capital. In 1872, Cochise, successor to Mangas Coloradas, agreed to move his tribesmen to selected reservations. -
Freeport-Mcmoran Annual Report 2020
Freeport-McMoRan Annual Report 2020 Form 10-K (NYSE:FCX) Published: February 14th, 2020 PDF generated by stocklight.com UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark one) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ☒ For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ☐ For the transition period from to Commission file number: 001-11307-01 Freeport-McMoRan Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 74-2480931 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) incorporation or organization) 333 North Central Avenue Phoenix Arizona 85004-2189 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (602) 366-8100 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share FCX The New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act ☑ Yes ☐ No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☑ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. -
View Annual Report
PROVING OUR METTLE 2015 Annual Report Freeport-McMoRan Inc. (FCX) is a natural resources company with headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona. FCX operates large, long-lived, geographically diverse assets with significant proven and probable reserves of copper, gold, molybdenum, cobalt, oil and natural gas. FCX is the world’s largest publicly traded copper producer, the world’s largest producer of molybdenum, and a significant gold, oil and natural gas producer. FCX’s portfolio of metal assets includes the Grasberg minerals district in Indonesia, one of the world’s largest copper and gold deposits; significant mining operations in North and South America, including the large-scale Morenci minerals district in Arizona and the Cerro Verde operation in Peru; and the Tenke Fungurume minerals district in the Democratic Republic of Congo. FCX’s portfolio of oil and natural gas assets includes growth potential in the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico, established oil production facilities onshore and offshore California, large onshore natural gas resources in the Haynesville shale in Louisiana, natural gas production from the Madden area in central Wyoming, and a position in the Inboard Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous natural gas trend onshore in South Louisiana. During 2015, FCX took actions to enhance its financial position in response to lower market prices for its primary commodities. Current market conditions and uncertainty about the timing of economic and commodity price recovery requires FCX to continue taking actions to strengthen its financial position, reduce debt and re-focus its portfolio of assets. FCX’s business strategy is focused on its position as a leading global copper producer. -
Sierrita Mine from Mine to Me How Copper Ore Becomes Copper Wire
Sierrita Mine From Mine to Me How copper ore becomes copper wire Arizona Copper Mines 3 Copper Sulfide Ore 5 Copper Oxide Ore 8 Exploration 11 Open Pit Mining 22 Crushing and Milling 37 Flotation 46 Smelting 54 Leaching Oxide Ore 71 2012 Heap Leaching 76 by Jan C. Rasmussen, Ph.D. Solvent Extraction 82 Electrowinning 87 Fabricating - Rod Mill 96 Electrorefining 100 Reclamation 112 Uses of Copper 118 2 Arizona Copper Mines • Bagdad • Bisbee • Carlota • Hayden Smelter • Johnson Camp • Miami • Mineral Park • Mission • Morenci • Pinto Valley • Ray • Resolution • Rosemont X San Manuel • Safford • San Manuel • Sierrita X Bisbee • Silver Bell • Tohono 3 Copper sulfide ore and copper oxide ore are processed in different ways. Exploration Mining Concentrating Sulfide Ore Copper Products Smelting To Customer Rod, Cake, and Cathode Oxide Ore Leaching Solvent Extraction Electrowinning Refining Copper Anodes to Texas Copper Product to Customer (Ray and Silver Bell) 4 Cathode Sulfide ore: Chalcopyrite & Bornite Chalcopyrite Chalcopyrite can be called copper fool’s gold. It is made of copper, iron, and sulfur. It is a brassy yellow, metallic mineral and it is very heavy. Chalcopyrite is not as hard as pyrite, which is called fool’s gold. Chalcopyrite will not scratch glass, but will scratch a copper penny. Pyrite will scratch glass. Chalcopyrite is also a brighter yellow than pyrite. It often tarnishes to a blue-green, iridescent color on weathered surfaces. Chalcopyrite is the main copper sulfide ore. Chalcocite Bornite is also known as Peacock Copper because of the blue-green tarnish. On freshly broken surfaces, it is Chalcocite is a sooty black, bronze colored. -
Freeport-Mcmoran Inc
Freeport-McMoRan Announces Revised Operating Plans in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Reports First-Quarter 2020 Results Highlights of Revised Operating Plans: • $1.3 billion reduction (~18 percent) in 2020 estimated operating costs • $800 million reduction (~30 percent) in 2020 estimated capital expenditures • $100 million reduction (~20 percent) in 2020 estimated exploration and administrative costs • ~400 million pound reduction (~15 percent) in the Americas 2020 estimated copper sales volumes • Actions enhance outlook for cash generation and maintenance of strong liquidity at low prices PHOENIX, AZ, April 24, 2020 - Freeport-McMoRan Inc. (NYSE: FCX) announced today its first-quarter 2020 financial results and revised operating plans in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic and resulting negative impact on the global economy. FCX’s revised operating plans are designed to protect the health and well-being of its employees, their families and communities where they live, ensure safe and reliable operations to serve customers, and protect the company’s strong liquidity position through reductions in costs and capital spending while preserving the long-term value of the company’s assets. Prioritizing Health and Safety. FCX has proactively implemented operating protocols at each of its operating sites to contain and mitigate the risk of spread of COVID-19. A series of actions have been implemented, including, but not limited to, physical distancing, travel restrictions, sanitizing, and frequent health screening and monitoring. FCX is also incorporating testing procedures administered by medical providers at many of its facilities. In April 2020, FCX suspended operations at its Chino copper mine in New Mexico because of the spread of COVID-19 among a limited number of employees.