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Comments on the Late Devonian Placoderms from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

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Comments on the Late Devonian Placoderms from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) Comments on the Late Devonian placoderms from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) ALEXANDER IVANOV andMICHAŁ GINTER Ivanov, A. & Ginter,M. 1997. Comments on the Late Devonian placoderms from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland).- Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 4,3,4I34f6. Taxonomy of the Late Devonian placoderm remains from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, described by Gorizdro-Kulczycka (L934,1950) and Kulczycki (1956, 1957),is revised. Several recently found specimens are also mentioned. The old collections are composed of representatives of Ptyctodontidae, Holonematidae, Plourdosteidae, Pholi- dosteidae, Selenosteidae, Titanichthyidae and Dinichthyidae, the latter with an unde- scribed species of Eastmanosteus. Newly found specimens belong to Ptyctodontidae, Plourdosteidae and Dinichthyidae. The occurrence of the Antiarcha in the Late Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains, suggestedby former authors, has not been confirmed. K e y w o rd s : Placodermi,Late Devonian, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Alexander Ivanov [[email protected]], Laboratory of Paleontology, Institute of the Earth Crust, Sankt-Petersburg University, 16 Liniya 29, 199178 St.Petersburg, Russia. Michał Ginter [email protected]], InsĘtut Geologii Podstawowej, Uniwersytet War szaw ski, ul. Zw irki i Wi gury 9 3, 02 -089 War szaw a, P oland. Introduction The main goals of this study are to revise placodermsfrom the Late Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains collected by Jan Czarnocki, Julian Kulczycki and Zinuda Gorizdro-Kulczycka in the first half of the century (the material now housed in the Museum of the Polish Geological Instituteand in the Museum of the Earth in Warsaw), and to describe a fęw new specimenscollected recently by Jerzy Dzik and Grzegorz Racki. The old collections have formerly been described in part by Gorizdro- -Kulczycka(1934,1950) and Kulczycki (1956,1957).The specimensin thesecollec- tions come from Wietrznia Quarry, Kadzielnia Quany and Psie Górki Hills in Kielce, and from the vicinities of Gałęzicein the westernpart of the Holy Cross Mountains. The new specimens were found in Wietrznia Quarry, Kowala (south of Kielce), ostńwka Quarry tnGatęzice region, and Płuckiin the vicinities of Łagów, easternpart of the Holy Cross Mountains(Fig. 1). 414 Late Devonian placoderms.' IVANOV & GINTER m Early and Middle Devonian f-777 t) Late Devonian and Cańoniferous 0 10km Fig. 1. Location of outcropsmentioned in the paper on a sketchmap of Palaeozoic core of the Holy Cross Mountains; K _ Kadzielnia, Kw _ Kowala, Ł+Pł _ł-agów and Pfucki, o+G _ ostrówka and Gałęzice,P_ Psie Górki, W - Wietrznia. Following abbreviationsof the institutionnames arc used herein:GruS - Geologi- cal Institute,University of Silęsia, Sosnowiec; MZ - Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; PIG - Polish Geological Institute,Warsaw; ZPN- - Instituteof Palaeobiology,Polish Academy of Sciences,Warsaw. Stratigraphy Any analysis of the stratigraphicaldistribution of placodermsin the Late Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains faces considerabledifficulties. First of all, the specimens from old collections were datedaccording to the subdivisionof the Late Devonian used by Czarnocki (in Gorizdro-Kulczyck a 1934:p. 14;see also Czarnocki 1947; Gorizdro- Kulczycka 1950; Kulczycki 1957). Only the Famennian part of that subdivision conesponds roughly to modern zonations, based on goniatites or conodonts. The Frasnian was subdivided into three local zones (Polish 'poziom'): zone I, with Hypo- thyridina procuboides; zone II, with H. coronula; and zone III, with H. cuboides and Mąnticocerasintumescens; Kulczycki (1957)used the terms .Lower', .Middle' and 'UpperFrasnian', respectively.There is no confirmationthatthe characteristic brachio- pod and goniatite speciesmentioned above have ever been found togetherwith, or at least in the same horizon as the specimensof placodermsunder study.Moreover, it is possible thatCzarnocki applied a superficiallithostratigraphic correlation to subdivide the rocks in a particular quarry or such a correlation might even have been used betweenthe quarries (Szulczewski, personal communication 1994).This could have lead to very confusing results,since Frasnian and lower Famennianrocks of the Holy Cross Mountains were depositedin complicatędconditions of Synsedimentaryblock tectonics (Szulczewski 1989).In Wietrznia Quarry a single lithostratigraphicunit can span differentnumbers of conodontzones even at a distanceof severaltens of meters. ACTA PALAEONTOLOGTCA POLONTCA (42) (3) 415 The same lithostratigraphicunit may representeither the late Frasnian or an interval from the late Frasnian through the early Famennian.Thus, for instance,if a museum label reads that a specimencomes from the Frasnian zone III, one cannotbe sure that it was found togetherwith 1L cuboidesor M. intumencens,andone cannot even be sure whetherit was really found in Frasnian rocks. Famennianspecimens come from the so-called'Cheiloceras-beds'and 'Clymenia- -beds'. In this case it is possible to determine that the specimens found in the Cheiloceras-beds are of the unspecified early Famennian age. Those found in the Clymenia-beds are of late Famennian age, probably from the interval of the Early Pąlmatolepis marginifera throughthe Middle P. praesulcata conodontZones. The precision of dating of the new material is different in particular cases. The specimens from Wietrznia (undeterminedMesotąxis asymmetrica conodont Zone), Kowala road cut and Pfucki (Late P rhenana-P. linguifurmis Zones) come from samples whose age was determinedby conodonts.The specimenfrom ostrówka has no exact age determination,but it is known that it comes from the upper Famennian part of the Quarry (J. Dzik, personalcommunication 1994). The revised and updateddistribution of placodermsconsidering the new findings is shownin Table 1 andZ.For thedetailed stratigraphy of theoutcrops see Szulczewski (1971,1989),Szulczewski et al. (1996),and Racki (1993). Order Ptyctodontida Gross, I93f Family Ptyctodontidae Woodward, 1891 Gorizdro-Kulczycka(1934) describedtwo new speciesof Ptyctodus:P. czarnockii and P kielcensis,as well as P. obliquusPander, 1858, P. sp.,and a new speciesRhynchodus marginnlisbased on the isolatedtoothplates. Ptyctodus czarnockii, P. obliquus,P sp., andRhynchodus marginalis were reportedfrom the zone II of the Frasnianof Wietrznia Quany. The remains of P kielcensis and P obliquus occur in the zoneIII of Wietrznia and Kadzielnia Quarries, respectively. Ptyctodus czarnockii is representedby two tooĘlates' one of them (Gorizdro-Kulczycka 1934:pl. I: 1, 2) belongsto the upper jaw tooĘlate (supragnathalplate) with curved oblique anteriorpart and flat posterior part of the biting surface,characteristic of Rłynchodus,and is very similar to thatof R. tetrodon(Jaekel, 1903).Second specimen(Gorizdro-Kulczycka 1934:pl. I: 3) is a fragment of lower tooĘlate which is difficult to attribute to a definite genus of ptyctodonts.The toothplateof Ptyctoduskielcensls (Gorizdro-Kulczycka 1934: pl. II: 5) should be referredto Rhynchodusbased on the shape of biting surface.Under the name Ptyctodus obliquus she also described the upper toothplate of Rhynchodus (Gorizdro-Kulczycka 1934: pl. tr: 4) with curved oblique biting surface and well developed anterior dorsal process' as well as ,Ptyctodus'-typetooĘlates (unillus- tratedspecimens from the collection of the PIG museum).The tooĘlates referredto as Rhynchodusmarginalis (Gorizdro-Kulczycka 1934:pl. II: 7, 8) were not found in the museum collections. The determination of their taxonomic position from thę illustrations alone cannotbe done. Thus, in the original material published by Gorizdro-Kulczycka (1934), ptycto- donts are representedby tootĘlates of Rhynchoduscf . tetrodon(Jaekel, 1903),Rhyn- 'Ptyctodus' chodussp., and sp. Afew new specimenswere found in the lower Frasnian of Wietrznia Quarry (M. asymmetricaconodont Zone; new zonation:Early P. falsio- 416 Late Devonian placoderms; IVANOV & GINTER Table 1. Distribution of placoderms in the Late Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains: collections of J. Czarnocki, Z. Gorizdro-Kulczycka and J. Kulczycki; taxa revised by presentauthors. Conodont zones: tri - Palmatolepis triangularis, cre - P. crepida, rho - P. rhomboidea, mar - P. marginifera, tra - P. trachytera,pos-P.postera,exp-P.expansa,prae-P.praesulcata,E-early,M-Middle,L-Late, L* - latest. E a o o PLACODERM (UCD EE TAXA U) sŃ _L_ prae !t! E ___l __l I t_ a I exp I $ o I o o E -o ---I (U L- .EI 'ao pos I I E Ę I I .C z o --'l t--- .E L tr I I .9 z tra E \ I c z o I _-..1 ó UJ -L: mar L_ I q) E I i LJL t--- l- - i '-- o I s c; rho -L- o I o a N O) E o ro I o (Ą -o t- a- - ci' 'o, g-.=' I -L: tĄ Ę ,, cĄ a .Ą g eN Śs € (Ą s o CĄ cre l- :B 5 g o o i'o ś< Ę M o s b Ę ci U) ś (U o o ro € s a E r_ -o. -: 'oe 3 s q) s_ CĄ 'a * L il t\ b ro s (Ą Ę o -$ .€ -t 'os -(Ąr-o- :B $- tri (Ąrt I ict .9 M o s e (Ą s Ę ut b $ (U o o lp E s -t o t- .Ę -Ę .o rO' rA- t- o o a o rO i= o Ę Ę a- E rp o s rJ I o: Zorrelll o eo g o ro I .ei s I Ę Ę I o Ę io- I I o; t_ --L-- Bi_ z I u)t l I ,l 5r I Q)r z I a)l a Zonell I or I q)l I ś(: t --r--I LL t- t- Il t-- I ll I ai Zone I I I I 1) seeGorizdro-Kulczycka (1934: p. 14; 1950). valis-Early P. hassi Zones). These are toothplatesand fragmentsof the exoskeleton. Among the first type there are few 'Ptyctodus'-typetoothplates and abundanttooth- ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONIC A (42) (3) 4r7 Table 2. New findings of placodermsin the Late Devonian of thę Holy Cross Mountains: collections of J. Dzik (7FN-) and G. Racki (GIUS). E - early, M - Middle, L - late, L* - latest. STAGES PLACODERM TAXA AND AND LOCALITIES CONODONTZONES L I I I I I I Palmatotepis praesulcata M I I I I I I I I E I I I I I I L I I I I P.
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