Ein Internetbasiertes Gebäudedatenrepositorium Als Lebenszyklusorientierte Integrationsplattform

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Ein Internetbasiertes Gebäudedatenrepositorium Als Lebenszyklusorientierte Integrationsplattform Der Raum dient während der Nutzung als entscheidende Refere nz­­größe zur Handha­ bung der Gebäudeinformationen. Ein raum­ bezogener Gebäudebeschrieb und die Ver­ waltung eines dynamischen Raumbuches als Daten­Repositorium stellt daher eine ent­ scheidende Grundlage für eine effiziente Nutzung, Wartung und Moder nisierung wie auch für eine fortschreibende Gebäudehisto­ rie dar. Der Prototyp beinhaltet ein Modell, welches alphanumerische Daten von Gebäu­ den als Raumbuch effizient erfasst, spei­ chert sowie verschiedenen Nutzerrollen on­ line bereitstellt und Veränderungen im Sinne einer Gebäudehistorie durch ein Konfigura­ tionsmanagement dynamisch abbildet. Als digitale Schnittstelle wird über einen ifc­ba­ Robin Gessmann sierten Import aus CAD­Dateien die Gebäu­ dehierarchie eingelesen aber auch externe Ein internetbasiertes Werkzeuge integriert oder angesteuert. Die Interaktion von verschiedensten Benutzer­ Gebäudedatenrepositorium gruppen mit dem Gebäudekomplex wird über eine Weboberfläche unterstützt. als lebenszyklusorientierte Integrationsplattform Robin Gessmann Ein internetbasiertes Gebäudedatenrepositorium Robin ISBN: 978-3-86644-299-3 www.uvka.de Robin Gessmann Ein internetbasiertes Gebäudedatenrepositorium als lebenszyklusorientierte Integrationsplattform Ein internetbasiertes Gebäudedaten- repositorium als lebenszyklusorientierte Integrationsplattform von Robin Gessmann Dissertation, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Fakultät für Architektur Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19.05.2008 Impressum Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe c/o Universitätsbibliothek Straße am Forum 2 D-76131 Karlsruhe www.uvka.de Dieses Werk ist unter folgender Creative Commons-Lizenz lizenziert: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/de/ Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe 2008 Print on Demand ISBN: 978-3-86644-299-3 Ein internetbasiertes Gebäudedatenrepositorium als lebenszyklusorientierte Integrationsplattform Dissertationsmanuskript Zur Erlangung des Grades eines D OKTORS DER I NGENIEURWISSENSCHAFT EN von der Fakultät für Architektur der Universität Karlsruhe (TH) genehmigte D ISSERTATION vorgelegt von Dipl.-Ing. Robin Gessmann aus Stuttgart Genehmigt auf Antrag der Herren Prof. Dr. ès. sc. techn. Niklaus Kohler und Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Kunibert Lennerts 2 Kurzfassung Kurzfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung eines Lebenszyklus- umfassenden Gebäudebeschriebes, der von verschiedenen Akteuren benutzt, gepflegt und ausgewertet werden kann. Da bisher keine kontinuierliche Fortschreibung von digitalen Ge- bäudebeschrieben über die einzelnen Lebenszyklusphasen hinweg stattfindet, erscheint dieser Ansatz gerade im Hinblick auf die Generierung einer Gebäudehistorie als folgerichtig und zweckgemäß. Da Gebäude eine sehr lange Lebensdauer besitzen, können die einmal gewon- nenen Daten und Informationen so auch weiter genutzt und verarbeitet werden und dienen nicht nur dem jeweiligen Zweck, wie beispielsweise der Planung. Aufbauend auf der Spezifi- zierung zentraler Anforderungen an einen lebenszyklusumfassenden Gebäudebeschrieb wer- den Methoden zur Abbildung erläutert, ein entsprechender Ansatz erarbeitet und ein Modell und dessen prototypische Implementierung hierfür entwickelt. Als langfristig interessant und zielführend erscheint die raumweise Beschreibung von Bau- werken. Diese können einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen und Bedürfnisse von Akteuren ge- recht werden. Aus diesem Grund stellt die Raumbuchmethodik die methodische Grundlage der Erstellung dieses Gebäudemodells dar. Diese setzt auf unterschiedlichen, bestehenden Ansätzen auf und integriert diese zu einem ganzheitlichen Konzept. Die einzelnen Aspekte stellen hierbei das dynamisch variable Objektstrukturmodell sowie das Konfigurationsmana- gement und die Unterstützung der Ganzheitlichkeit dar. Für diese Punkte werden jeweils Konzeptionsansätze erarbeitet. Das so erstellte Konzept eines lebenszyklusorientierten Gebäudedatenrepositoriums wird an- hand eines internetbasierten Prototypen realisiert. Dieser basiert auf einer MySQL-Datenbank und der Skriptsprache php. Zur Validierung wurde exemplarisch ein reales Gebäude auf höchster Detaillierungsstufe eingepflegt und dokumentiert. Anhand dieses lassen sich die um- fangreichen Auswertungs- und Weiterverarbeitungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen. Abschließend wird eine Zusammenfassung der Erkenntnisse mit einer kritischen Betrachtung gegeben und mögliche Fortführungen in einem Ausblick diskutiert. 3 4 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis KURZFASSUNG ..........................................................................................................................................................3 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS ..........................................................................................................................................5 ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS .................................................................................................................................9 1 EINLEITUNG ......................................................................................................................................................11 1.1 AUSGANGSLAGE .............................................................................................................................................11 1.2 PROBLEMSTELLUNG .......................................................................................................................................12 1.3 ZIELSETZUNG..................................................................................................................................................13 2 GRUNDLAGEN...................................................................................................................................................15 2.1 LEBENSZYKLUSPHASEN..................................................................................................................................15 2.1.1 Übersicht ................................................................................................................................................15 2.1.2 Neuplanungsphase.................................................................................................................................17 2.1.3 Realisierungsphase ................................................................................................................................18 2.1.4 Nutzungsphase .......................................................................................................................................18 2.1.5 Umplanungsphase..................................................................................................................................20 2.1.6 Rückbauphase ........................................................................................................................................21 2.2 NACHHALTIGKEIT...........................................................................................................................................22 2.3 MODELLE ........................................................................................................................................................24 2.3.1 Der Modellbegriff ..................................................................................................................................24 2.3.2 Prozess der Modellbildung....................................................................................................................25 2.3.3 Datenmodell ...........................................................................................................................................26 2.3.4 Entity-Relationship-Modell ...................................................................................................................29 2.3.5 Unified Modeling Language .................................................................................................................32 2.3.6 Geometrische Modelle...........................................................................................................................33 2.4 PRODUKTMODELLE.........................................................................................................................................35 2.4.1 Integrierte Produktmodelle ...................................................................................................................36 2.4.2 ISO 10303 – Norm zur Produktmodellierung ......................................................................................36 2.5 GEBÄUDEMODELLE ........................................................................................................................................38 2.5.1 Gebäudemodelle unter Einfluss des Gebäudelebenszyklus.................................................................42 2.5.2 Der alphanumerische Gebäudebeschrieb ............................................................................................43 2.5.3 Industry Foundation Classes.................................................................................................................44 2.6 SOFTWARE ZUR MODELLIERUNG VON GEBÄUDEMODELLEN .......................................................................45 2.6.1 CA(A)D ...................................................................................................................................................45 2.6.2 BIM .........................................................................................................................................................46
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