Bathymetric Surveys at Highway Bridges Crossing the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, Using a Multibeam Echo Sounder, 2010

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bathymetric Surveys at Highway Bridges Crossing the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, Using a Multibeam Echo Sounder, 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation Bathymetric Surveys at Highway Bridges Crossing the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, using a Multibeam Echo Sounder, 2010 Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5207 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No.: 2. Government Accession No.: 3. Recipient's Catalog No.: OR11-008 4. Title and Subtitle: 5. Report Date: Bathymetric Surveys at Highway Bridges Crossing the November 2010 Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, using a 6. Performing Organization Code: Multibeam Echo Sounder, 2010 7. Author(s): 8. Performing Organization Report U.S. Department of the Interior No.: Ken Salazar, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director 9. Performing Organization Name and Address: 10. Work Unit No.: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 11. Contract or Grant No.: TRyy 10 19 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address: 13. Type of Report and Period Missouri Department of Transportation Covered: Organizational Results <Final, Interim, or such> PO BOX 270 14. Sponsoring Agency Code: Jefferson City, MO 65102 15. Supplementary Notes The investigation was conducted in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 16. Abstract: Bathymetric surveys were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, on the Missouri River in the vicinity of nine bridges at seven highway crossings in Kansas City, Missouri, in March 2010. A multibeam echo sounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches that ranged from 1,640 to 1,800 feet long and extending from bank to bank in the main channel of the Missouri River. These bathymetric scans will be used by the Missouri Department of Transportation to assess the condition of the bridges for stability and integrity with respect to bridge scour. 17. Key Words: 18. Distribution Statement Bathymetric, Bridges, Scour, Missouri River, No restrictions. This document is available Kansas City to the public through National Technical Information Center, Springfield, Virginia 22161 19. Security Classification 20. Security Classification 21. No. of Pages: 22. Price: (of this report): (of this page): 74 Unclassified Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (06/98) Bathymetric Surveys at Highway Bridges Crossing the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, using a Multibeam Echo Sounder, 2010 By Richard J. Huizinga Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5207 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Huizinga, R.J., 2010, Bathymetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, using a multibeam echo sounder, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5207, 61 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................2 Description of Study Area ...................................................................................................................2 Equipment and Methods Used in Bathymetric Surveys ..........................................................................3 Description of Equipment ....................................................................................................................3 Multibeam Echo Sounder ...........................................................................................................4 Navigation and Motion-Sensing System ................................................................................4 Data Collection and Processing Computer .............................................................................4 Description of Survey Methods ..........................................................................................................6 Survey Quality-Assurance/Quality-Control Measures ...................................................................7 Beam Angle Check ......................................................................................................................7 Patch Tests ....................................................................................................................................8 Results of Bathymetric Surveys ................................................................................................................10 Structure A1800 on Interstate 635 ....................................................................................................11 Structures K0456 and A0450 on U.S. Highway 69 ..........................................................................18 Structure A4649 on U.S. Highway 169 .............................................................................................24 Structure A4060 on State Highway 9 ...............................................................................................29 Structure A5817 on State Highway 269 ...........................................................................................37 Structure A0767 on Interstate 435 ....................................................................................................43 Structures A4757 and L0568 on State Highway 291 ......................................................................49 General Findings and Implications ..................................................................................................55 Shape of Scour Holes ...............................................................................................................55 Long-Term Channel-Bed Changes ..........................................................................................55 Effects of Moderate Flooding During Surveys ......................................................................57 Error Estimation ..........................................................................................................................58 Summary........................................................................................................................................................60 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................60 iv Figures 1. Map showing location of bridges crossing the Missouri River in the Kansas City, Missouri, area ...............................................................................................................................3 2. Photographs showing the multibeam echo sounder as viewed A, from the bottom, B, from the top, and C, mounted on the port side of the U.S. Geological Survey boat .................................................................................................................................................5 3. Diagram showing approximate beam geometry of the multibeam echo sounder A, across ship track and B, along ship track ...........................................................................6 4. Diagram showing approximate beam geometry of the multibeam echo sounder with a tilted head to obtain soundings A, along a river bank or B, on the side of a vertical structure ..........................................................................................................................6 5. Diagram showing method of survey line spacing used to ensure complete coverage of the channel bed and minimize sonic “shadows” .............................................7 6. Diagram show effects of timing and angular offsets for A, latency, B, roll, C, pitch, and D, yaw on data from a multibeam echo sounder .............................................................9 7. Aerial photograph showing location of the bathymetric survey area on the Missouri River near structure A1800 on Interstate 635 in Kansas City, Missouri ............12 8. Bathymetric survey of the Missouri River channel in the vicinity of structure A1800 on Interstate 635 in Kansas City, Missouri ..................................................................13 9. Bathymetric survey of the Missouri River channel in the vicinity of the main channel pier of structure A1800 on Interstate 635 in Kansas City, Missouri
Recommended publications
  • Eastern Gateway Concept Study | Page I
    FRONT COVER Eastern Gateway Concept Study | Page i Eastern Gateway Concept Study Leavenworth County, Kansas September 2020 Leavenworth County, Kansas Leavenworth County, Kansas is located in the northwestern portion of the bi-state Kansas City region. The vision of the Public Works Department is to see that its efforts result in improved public streets, roads, bridges, rights of way, and traffic safety; providing convenience, safety, and comfort to the users of public infrastructure. Bill Noll, Infrastructure and Construction Services Director Consultant Team TranSystems 2400 Pershing Road, Suite 400 Kansas City, Missouri 64108 Eastern Gateway Concept Study | Page ii TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 | Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 Purpose .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Study Area .............................................................................................................................................. 4 SECTION 2 | Alternative Assessment ................................................................................................. 5 Alignment Development ........................................................................................................................ 5 Mapping Analysis ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kansas City New Construction & Proposed Multifamily Projects 3Q20
    Kansas City New Construction & Proposed Multifamily Projects 3Q20 137 ID PROPERTY UNITS 2 Thrive at Creekside 264 10 Brighton Crossing 162 13 The Backyard at One North 240 18 Maple 36 Townhomes 50 19 Residences at Echelon 243 21 Eagle Crossing Townhomes 190 Total Lease Up 1,149 105 102 103 47 10 24 Summit at West Pryor 250 78 25 Trinity Woods 240 2 48 101 35 The Fairways at Grand 104 53 Summit Phase III 246 100 36 Arbor Mist Townhomes Phase II 80 Total Under Construction 816 36 77 47 The Element by Watermark 276 13 48 Woodsmoke Phase II 63 49 NorthPoint 322 50 The Grove at Lee’s Summit 384 51 New Longview 172 52 Paragon Star 390 53 Withers Farm 191 77 2620 NE 43rd Street 66 110 78 1801 NW Barry - Senior Housing 60 Total Planned 1,924 25 109 98 Milhaus at the Glade 263 99 Oxford on the Blue 846 99 100 Kinsley Forest Development 800 21 101 Pleasant Valley Road 210 98 102 Windrose Townhomes 70 52 103 Barry Road Affordable Housing 90 24 18 104 Bella Vista at the National 346 108 105 Twin Creeks Village Mixed - Use 1,362 51 50 106 Center 301 306 107 Raymore Senior 172 108 2nd Street & Douglas Street 276 109 North Village Views 358 35 19 110 Ansley Development 280 137 The Reserves at Grove Terrace 50 49 106 Total Prospective 5,429 107 2 mi Source: Yardi Matrix LEGEND Lease-Up Under Construction Planned Prospective Kansas City New Construction & Proposed Multifamily Projects 3Q20 ID PROPERTY UNITS 97 Wornall Point 98 3 Sixty16 67 113 Martway 90 6 Villas at Ridgeview Falls 237 114 Mission Bowl Redevelopment 160 7 Satori Olathe 260 116 Promontory
    [Show full text]
  • 350 Highway / Blue Parkway Corridor Plan
    350 HIGHWAY / BLUE PARKWAY CORRIDOR PLAN A Land Use, Transportation, Aesthetic and Implementation strategy for the Redevelopment of the Corridor For The 350 Highway / Blue Parkway Client Team January 12, 2007 by Acknowledgements This study was made possible by the unprecedented cooperative efforts of the public officials, the 350 Highway / Blue Parkway Corridor Action Team, the Steering Committee, and concerned citizens and business owners, too numerous to name, along the Corridor. Without their funding commitment, dedication, perseverance, and willingness to take the time to plan for their collective futures, this study would not have been possible. Public & Agency Officials : City of Raytown, Missouri Sue Frank - Mayor Dan Estes ± Acting City Administrator John Ness - Alderman Ward I Greg Walters - Alderman Ward I Jim Aziere - Alderman Ward II Christine White - Alderman Ward II Jeff Kinman - Alderman Ward III Charlotte Melson - Alderman Ward III Barb Schlapia - Alderman Ward IV Sandy Hartwell - Alderman Ward IV Patrick Riehle - Alderman Ward V Marilyn Fleming - Alderman Ward V City of Kansas City, Missouri Kay Barnes - Mayor Wayne Cauthen ± City Manager Deb Hermann - Council Member District I Bill Skaggs - Council Member District I Bonnie Sue Cooper - Council Member District II John Fairfield - Council Member District II Troy Nash - Council Member District III Saundra McFadden-Weaver - Council Member District III Jim Glover - Council Member District IV George Blackwood - Council Member District IV Becky Nace - Council Member District
    [Show full text]
  • Transportation Outlook 2040 Project List
    Transportation Outlook 2040 Project List Transportation Outlook 2040 is the metropolitan transportation plan (MTP) for the greater Kansas City region. A major component of the MTP is identifying a list of regionally important projects to improve the transportation of people and goods (highway, transit, etc.). This federally required project listing is intended to help the region identify and prioritize future transportation investments based on goals, strategies and To demonstrate financial estimated financial resources. The projects in Transportation Outlook 2040 were developed, prioritized, and constraint in the plan, the ultimately selected through a comprehensive and coordinated process involving the general public, regional costs to operate, maintain transportation stakeholders and MARC planning committees. and preserve the transportation system, in the Incorporation by Reference of the MARC Transportation Improvement Program MARC MPO region, is The Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) is a detailed list of projects to be implemented in the next deducted from available four to five years, and is developed for the metropolitan transportation planning process in accordance with transportation revenues first, federal regulations (CFR §450.324). The TIP is incorporated into the MTP by reference, and therefore, upon and the remaining balance is adoption by the MARC Board, the MTP shall include all projects in the most recently approved TIP as well as available for other any future TIP amendments approved before the next MTP update.
    [Show full text]
  • Total Transportation Policy Committee
    OPEN MEETING NOTICE Goods Movement COMMITTEE Janet McRae Kansas Co-Chair Richard Greenville, Missouri Co-Chair There will be a meeting of MARC’s Goods Movement Committee on Wednesday, February 3, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. in the Heartland Room on the second floor of the Rivergate Center, 600 Broadway, Kansas City, Missouri. A G E N D A 1. Introduction and approval of minutes 2. Annual Policy Review (Whistle Blower/Conflict of interest) – Darryl 3. Fixing America’s Surface Transportation “FAST” Act – Darryl • Overview of the FAST Act freight component in the new transportation bill 4. National Freight Strategic Plan – Darryl • FHWA released the “National Freight Strategic Plan” for Public Comment. This is the link to the Plan’s website with draft versions of a national multimodal freight network, including state by state maps - http://www.transportation.gov/freight. 5. Freight Zone Activity Centers/Primary Freight Network – MARC Intern/staff/Darryl (action item) • Review/approve current/proposed zones i. Develop a recommendation for changes to Intermodal Connectors on the NHS ii. Review/comment on existing zones and provide recommendation including New Century Airport or any other locations for inclusion • Freight Zones represents a concentrated area of freight-based, transportation-dependent development. The zones have no distinct boundaries and some are larger than others. Size varies by elements contained within each Zone. 6. 2016 Work Plan – Darryl • Review 2016 Work Plan 7. Other Business • State DOT Updates Getting to MARC: Information on transportation options to the MARC offices, including directions, parking, transit, carpooling, and bicycling, can be found online.
    [Show full text]
  • Better Than Before Departments of Transportation
    Kansas City Scout is operated and maintained by the Kansas and Missouri ...better than before departments of transportation. New Services Two new services, an enhanced web site and system Required “My KC Scout” Subscriber Information expansion – they’re the products of Kansas City Scout’s Why “My KC Scout” Needs It consistent progress in freeway traffic management. Take a moment to learn what’s new for you! Primary e-mail address Scouting Your Route: To identify the user and to distribute alerts. Password Free, Customized Traffic Alerts You set your password and use it to log onto “My KC Scout” to access your subscription account. The password protects against Need to know what’s on the road before you hit the gas? Stay unauthorized access. in touch through your computer or text messaging devices. Alternate e-mail address Sign up at www.kcscout.net for You provide an alternate e-mail address only if you want alerts sent free traffic alerts specific to your to an e-mail other than the primary e-mail address you provide -- or time and area of travel. You tell in addition to the primary e-mail address you provide. “My KC Scout” what you want to “My KC Scout” Zip Code know, when you want to know it Freeway Traffic Alerts To identify counties regarding weather alerts and to log statistical data. and which freeways you want to Weather Alerts Security Question & Answer You provide a security answer to a pre-determined security question know about. Create one route to AMBER Alerts work, another home, and, if you to validate your subscription ownership (this is necessary only if you Public Safety Alerts forget your password and are trying to log onto your “My KC Scout” like, add your most-traveled account).
    [Show full text]
  • Westlink Business Center Building 3 - 170,000 SF 4100 Powell Drive / Shawnee, KS
    FOR LEASE Westlink Business Center Building 3 - 170,000 SF 4100 Powell Drive / Shawnee, KS Property Highlights • 100% tax abatement years 1 through 6, an average of 80% over 10 years • Newly built, energy-efficient building with 28’ clear heights, ESFR sprinkler system, and dock and drive-in loading option available in units of 20,000 square feet and up • Great location for local, regional and national distribution with convenient access to Highway K-7, Interstate 435, and Interstate 70 Whitney Kerr, Jr., SIOR, CCIM • Master planned business park located in the heart of Managing Director Shawnee, Kansas at Highway K-7 and 43rd Street +1 816 412 0250 [email protected] • Significant state and local economic incentive programs available Rob Holland, CCIM Director • $5.50 PSF NNN rate includes $2.00 PSF T.I. allowance for +1 816 412 0214 [email protected] tenants 40,000 SF and up 4600 Madison Avenue, Suite 800 Kansas City, MO 64112 Main +1 816 221 2200 Cushman & Wakefield Copyright 2018. No warranty or representation, express or implied, is made to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein, and same is submitted subject to errors, omissions, change of price, rental or other conditions, withdrawal without notice, and to any special listing conditions imposed Fax +1 816 842 2798 by the property owner(s). As applicable, we make no representation as to the condition of the property (or properties) in question. cushmanwakefield.com FOR LEASE Westlink Business Center Building 3 - 170,000 SF 4100 Powell Drive
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Park Data Sheet
    Bonner Springs, Kansas Industrial Park rd 43 Street and Bonner Industrial Drive Contact: Marcia Harrington | Community & Economic Development Director | City of Bonner Springs, 205 E Second | P O Box 38 | Bonner Springs, KS 66012 913-667-1703 | [email protected] Location Site Data Bonner Springs Industrial Park is located east of K-7 Acreage Remaining: Highway and north of 43 rd Street in Johnson County. 70 +/- acres | subdividable Bonner Springs is located on the western edge of the 8.20 acre site | 3.37 acre site | 3.30 acre site Kansas City metropolitan area with a convenient location and excellent access to major highways and interstate systems. The Industrial Park has good Zoned: I-1 Light Industrial. I-2 Heavy Industrial zoning access and visibility from K-7 Highway. exists in the Industrial Park. Utility Information: Proximity to Major Highways: Water: 8-inch water line Sewer: 3-inch force main K-7: Adjacent to Kansas State Highway 7 Electric: 3-phase overhead, 12.47 KV (north/south traffic) Gas: 2-inch main I-70: 3.5 miles south of Interstate 70 (east/west traffic) I-435: 4.5 miles west of Interstate 435 (Kansas City belt Topography: Flat way) I-29: 21 miles south of Interstate 29 (north/south Flood Plain: Site is located above the 100-year flood traffic plain. National Flood Insurance Rate Map, Panel 0140, I-35: 11 miles northeast of Interstate 35 (north/south Suffix E, Zone X, Effective 9/2/15 traffic) K-10: 7 miles north of Kansas State Highway 10 K-7 Hwy Traffic Counts: 21,200 vpd (east/west traffic) Utility Services Existing Industrial Park Businesses Water/Sewer/Residential Refuse Service: • Coleman Equipment, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Kansas City New Construction & Proposed Multifamily Projects
    Kansas City New Construction & Proposed Multifamily Projects 4Q19 ID PROPERTY UNITS 1 Revolve at One Fifteen 289 7 Carson Street Towers 225 11 Residences at Park Place Phase II, The 81 16 Promontory 291 Total Lease Up 886 24 Apex at CityPlace, The 407 39 Cyan Southcreek 380 Total Under Construction 787 53 104th Terrace Apartments Wornell Village - South Kansas City 160 62 Brookridge Development 317 71 Galleria 115 548 Total Planned 1,025 94 Wornall Point 98 95 Oxford on the Blue 846 110 97 Met 260 111 Promontory Phase II 129 117 Villas at Waterside 288 123 Galleria 115 Phase II 229 124 Sorrento Place 500 125 Springhill Phase II 100 Total Prospective 2,450 2000 ft Source: Yardi Matrix LEGEND Lease-Up Under Construction Planned Prospective Kansas City New Construction & Proposed Multifamily Projects 4Q19 ID PROPERTY UNITS 2 City Club 283 4 Flashcube 184 5 West Bottoms Flats 265 9 Gallerie 361 13 Quinlan Place 79 Total Lease Up 1,172 22 East Crossroads 340 32 REVERB 132 37 Yards, The 232 Total Under Construction 704 40 Artist Lofts 120 42 Crossroads 256 43 Four Light 250 44 Muehlebach Hotel 191 45 Three Light 300 76 Continental, The 202 Total Planned 1,319 79 East 10th Street & Holmes Street 180 80 Saxon at the Midland 117 81 Tracks 215 250 82 View II at WB 251 Total Prospective 798 500 ft Source: Yardi Matrix LEGEND Lease-Up Under Construction Planned Prospective Kansas City New Construction & Proposed Multifamily Projects 4Q19 ID PROPERTY UNITS 3 44 Washington 196 14 Plaza House Redevelopment 73 17 JP2 Commons 85 Total Lease Up 354 30 MGE
    [Show full text]
  • K-5 Corridor
    Figure 14-9: Traffic Volumes along K-5 K-5 Corridor Corridor Profile K-5 N Length: 10 miles Key Developments: Fort Leavenworth Lansing Correctional Facility 91 K-5 Corridor DESCRIPTION OF THE CORRIDOR • “To the extent these K-5 Corridor improvements There are safety concerns for this section of K-5 due to the A strategy to improve the alignment of the highway was The section of K-5 addressed in the 5-County Study would “siphon” traffic from using the K-7 Corridor on number of crashes that occur versus the volume of traffic considered that would improve current and future traffic extends from I-435 northwest along Wolcott Drive, a daily basis, the resulting reduction in traffic could using the roadway. Over a 5 year period, there were 4 fatal operations on K-5 through the year 2040. This strategy is Wolcott Road, and finally Muncie Road to an intersection also reduce the projected development demand for crashes, 63 injury crashes, and 134 property damage only shown in Table 14-14. Strategies are assigned an identifier with K-7 in the City of Leavenworth. This section of uses along the central portions of the K-7 Corridor. (PDO) crashes on this 10 mile section of K-5. Many of the code of a letter and number. A “C” indicates an added K-5 is a winding two-lane rural highway characterized by However, a marginal benefit of this scenario could crashes were associated with one of the curves. capacity strategy. minimal width shoulders, numerous sharp curves, and low be some additional development potential around the speeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Commission Minutes
    MISSOURI HIGHWAYS AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Official Minutes TABLE OF CONTENTS February 4, 2015 VOTE TO CLOSE MEETING............................................................................................................. 4 COMMISSION/DIRECTOR ITEMS Announcement of Commissioner Bryan Scott’s Resignation ................................................................. 5 Approval of Minutes ................................................................................................................................ 5 Consent Agenda ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Commission Committees and Commission Related Boards ................................................................... 6 Director’s Report ..................................................................................................................................... 7 MoDOT PRESENTATIONS Missouri’s Freight Story .......................................................................................................................... 8 Tough Choices Ahead: Missouri’s 325 System .................................................................................... 11 STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM Consideration of Bids for Transportation Improvements ...................................................................... 23 Request for Approval of Location and/or Design of Highways ............................................................ 25 PROPERTY
    [Show full text]
  • Construction of the Front Street / I-435 Diverging Diamond Interchange
    CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRONT STREET / I-435 DIVERGING DIAMOND INTERCHANGE Luke Kaspar, PE Construction Project Manager Missouri Department Of Transportation PROJECT INFORMATION MoDOT Job J4I1121B Route: Front Street and Interstate 435 Date Awarded: 03/02/2011 Contractor: Clarkson Construction Company, Kansas City, MO Value of Contract: $8.13 million Resident Engineer: Greg Stervinou, Scotty Williams (MoDOT Nashua Project Office) Notice to Proceed: 04/04/2011 Original Completion Date: 12/01/2011 Time Extension Change Order Completion Date: 05/25/2012 SUBCONTRACTORS Augers Unlimited – Jacked 36” RCP under I-435 Collins and Hermann – Guardrail, highway signing items and fencing Erosion Control Inc. – Erosion control items Realm Construction – Concrete Items Schrimpf Landscaping – Sodding, seeding, erosion control blanket, and turf mats Superior Bowen Asphalt – Asphalt items and coldmilling Wiedenmann & Godfrey – Waterline relocation items and pipe liner Capital Electric Line Builders – Highway lighting and traffic signal items Trekk Design Group – Contractor furnished surveying and staking Twin Traffic Marking – Pavement markings Magnum Boring – Conduit for signals and lighting SCOPE OF WORK Utility Relocations – KCMO Water, AT&T, MGE, KCP&L Pipe lining of existing water main serving KCP&L Hawthorne and Bayer Plants Storm Sewers Reconstruction of I-435 Ramps Widening of Front Street from Universal to Corrington Addition of Islands from Cambridge to Corrington and under I-435 for DDI New barrier walls under I-435 Sidewalks Approaches for businesses
    [Show full text]