Checklist for Baltic Sea Species

Checklist for Baltic Sea Species Metsähallitus/ Jan Ekebom Metsähallitus/ Jan Ekebom Jannica Haldin Metsähallitus/ Jan Ekebom Metsähallitus/ Jan Ekebom Raisa Turja Metsähallitus/ Pekka Lehtonen Metsähallitus/ Jan Ekebom Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Published by: Helsinki Commission Katajnokanlaituri 6 B FI-00160 Helsinki Finland http://www.helcom.fi Authors Tytti Kontula and Jannica Haldin (Eds.) Janis Birzaks, Ulrich Breitenbach, Martynas Bucas, Paulina Brezska, Natalia Chernova, Vladimir Fedorov, Ann-Britt Florin, Ronald Fricke, Karin Furhaupter, Anders Galatius, Marika Gerb, Elena Glazkova, Piotr Gruszka, Hanna Hahn, Martti Hario, Christof Herrmann, Tero Härkönen, Vadims Jermakov, Gustav Johansson, Ivar Jussi, Anna Karlsson, Olle Karlsson, Hans Kautsky, Jan Kieckbusch, Kirsi Kostamo, Nikolay Kovalchuk, Ari Laine, Georg Martin, Alexey Maximov, Markku Mikkola-Roos, Petri Nummi, Ivar Ojaste, Iwona Psuty, Justyna Scumlicz, Krzysztof Skora, Antra Stipniece, Henrik Svedäng, Michael Svensson, Martin Tjernberg, Kaire Torn, Konstantin Tylik, Lauri Urho, Franscesca Vitale, Alexandra Volodina, Michael Zettler. Acknowledgements: See Appendix 1 1 Contents 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………..4 1.1 Checklists…………………………………………………………………………………4 1.2 The HELCOM Checklist for Baltic Sea Species……………………………………...4 1.3 Work on the Checklists………………………………………………………………….5 1.4 Using the Checklist………………………………………………………………………6 1.5 Updating the Checklist and Distributional information……………………………….6 1.6 Visual overview of the material…………………………………………………………6 2. Documentation of the checklist and distributional data of the Baltic Sea Macrophyte Species……………………………………………………………………………………………….8 2.1 Expert Team……………………………………………………………………………...8 2.2 Taxonomy………………………………………………………………………………..9 2.3 Defining parameters…………………………………………………………………….9 2.4 Distribution………………………………………………………………………………10 2.5 Datasources…………………………………………………………………………….11 2.6 Checklist…………………………………………………………………………………12 3. Documentation of the checklist and distributional data of the Baltic Sea Benthic Invertebrate Species……………………………………………………………………………………………..13 3.1 Expert Team…………………………………………………………………………....14 3.2 Taxonomy……………………………………………………………………………….14 3.3 Defining parameters…………………………………………………………………...14 3.4 Distribution………………………………………………………………………………15 3.5 Datasources…………………………………………………………………………….15 3.6 Checklist…………………………………………………………………………………15 4. Documentation of the checklist and distributional data of the Baltic Sea Fish- & Lamprey Species……………………………………………………………………………………………...16 4.1 Expert Team…………………………………………………………………………….16 4.2 Taxonomy……………………………………………………………………………….17 4.3 Defining parameters…………………………………………………………………...17 4.4 Distribution……………………………………………………………………………...17 4.5 Datasources…………………………………………………………………………….17 4.6 Checklist………………………………………………………………………………...17 5. Documentation of the checklist and distributional data of the Baltic Breeding Birds……….18 5.1 Expert Team…………………………………………………………………………….18 5.2 Taxonomy……………………………………………………………………………….18 5.3 Defining parameters……………………………………………………………………19 5.4 Distribution………………………………………………………………………………19 5.5 Datasources…………………………………………………………………………….20 5.6 Checklist…………………………………………………………………………………21 6. Documentation of the checklist and distributional data of the Baltic Sea Marine Mammal Species……………………………………………………………………………………………...22 6.1 Expert Team…………………………………………………………………………….22 6.2 Taxonomy……………………………………………………………………………….22 6.3 Defining parameters……………………………………………………………………23 6.4 Distribution………………………………………………………………………………23 2 6.5 Datasources…………………………………………………………………………23 6.6 Checklist……………………………………………………………………………..23 7. Checklist 7.1 Checklist for Baltic Sea Machrophyte Species................................................25 7.2 Checklist for Baltic Sea Benthic Invertebrate Species...................................155 7.3 Distributional Information for Baltic Sea Benthic Invertebrates.....................217 7.4 Checklist for Baltic Sea Fish- & Lamprey Species.........................................267 7.5 Checklist for Baltic Sea Breeding Birds..........................................................274 7.6 Checklist for Baltic Sea Marine Mammals......................................................277 3 1.Introduction 1.1 Checklists Checklists are comprehensive lists covering all species of a certain group known to occur in a specific area. They are of great importance when striving to get an overall view of an area’s diversity, its species composition and the history of said area and species. In the field of biology checklists have a longstanding tradition stretching back to the early naturalists. The list functions as a living document, species being added or, in some cases, removed as time passes and new species are discovered or old ones go extinct or are merged with other species. As science progresses there are also changes in the phylogeny of species, especially following the leaps in genetic research. For some groups this means that trough history the same species can have several, sometimes as many as 20, synonyms which can be found in the literature but that all refers to the same species. This information is also stored in the checklists and enables researchers to track a species occurrence trough historic literature. At times scientist and researchers will work consecutively on the same list, keeping it up to date both in the sense of species composition and nomenclature so that it can be used at present although it has its roots a hundred years back. 1.2 The HELCOM checklist for Baltic Sea Species In 2009 the Helsinki Commission was tasked with creating a comprehensive Red List of Baltic sea species. In order to complete the task one of the first steps was to find out which species can in fact be found in the Baltic and to achieve this, checklists had to be created. In order to produce these, five expert teams were put together (one for each of the following groups: machrophytes, benthic invertebrates, fish and lamprey species, waterbirds and marine mammals) and the work on compiling checklists for the Baltic Sea could commence. Most checklists concentrate on a specified group of species, usually species belonging to a specific family or order, found in a defined region, most commonly within a nation’s borders. The HELCOM checklist of Baltic Sea species goes one step further, firstly because it strives to cover all of the macro-species simultaneously, secondly because it strives to cover the whole of the Baltic Sea. In this sense the HELCOM checklist as a whole is unique in its kind. The aim of the HELCOM checklists is to gather higher taxonomic group, scientific name and author, synonyms, a minimum of one valid taxon code in taxonomic databases or other taxonomic reference, distributional information as well as a minimum of one reference confirming the occurrence, historic and/or present, of the species in the Baltic Sea. That a species occurs in the list does not automatically mean it still occurs in the Baltic Sea at the time of the publication of this list. Some observations are historical and the only way to confirm the presence of the species is to do updated inventories in the area of its previous occurrence. 4 1.3 Work on the Checklists For the sake of clarity the species of the Baltic Sea were divided into five groups: Macrophytes, Benthic invertebrates, Fish and lamprey species, Baltic breeding birds and Mammals, each one of these groups assigned its own team of experts. The teams consisted of experts from countries all around the Baltic Sea and these worked to collect data from their own area to submit to the lists. This document combines the checklists compiled by the team experts and functions as the checklist for Baltic Sea species. Information about the experts from each team can be found under the corresponding documentation section. There have been previous checklists focused on the Baltic Sea and its species (e. g. Nielsen et al. 1995) but these have all been regional and/or focused only on a specific group of species. These existing checklists, as well as literature studies, databases, personal communication and data delivered from the different states around the Baltic have all been used when creating the new lists. For the sake of transparency all the observations have been given a reference code and the corresponding reference can be found either in the documentation section of the group in question or by contacting the expert stated in Annex 1. Because the foundation for each list has been slightly different, e.g. in the shape of already existing lists, some aspects of the lists differ from each other but the general information is the same in all the lists. It is important to keep in mind that the Baltic Sea is not a uniform body of water providing the same living environment trough out its extent. The Baltic Sea can be divided into sub basins on the basis of the shape of the seabed. For each of these basins abiotic characteristics, such as depth and water exchange, differ and create sub-basin specific environments based on chemical and physical properties. For the sake of making the checklist more exact these sub basins have been used when presenting the distributional data (figure 1). For each sub basin the reference for the observation found in that area is either clearly stated in the list or can be supplied by the expert mentioned in the introductory documentation section for that group. The aim has also been to separate more recent records

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