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Primary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Ethiopia Over Primary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Ethiopia Less than a half of school age children Primary School Net Attendance Rate in Ethiopia attends primary school. 100 80 Boys are no more likely to attend Female 60 41 41 % 41 Male than girls. 40 26 31 29 20 Both 41% of children ages 7-12 attend 0 primary school. 2000 2005 Primary School Gross Attendance Rate 41% of boys ages 7-12 attend school, 80 73 68 71 70 compared to 41% of girls. 58 Female 60 50 50 41 Male % 40 Grade 1 There has not been much progress in 30 Both Grade 2 primary school attendance in Ethiopia 20 Grade 3 10 Grade 4 0 in 5 years, with net attendance rates Grade 5 2000 2005 Grade 6 increasing from 29% in 2000 to only Source: Demographic and Health Survey Grade 7 41% in 2005. Grade 8 Min Many children attending primary school are outside of the official age range. This is reflected in the Max difference between net and gross attendance rates. This can have tremendous impact on the educational infrastructure, the experience in the classroom, and educational planning. The net attendance ratio (NAR) is the percentage of the official primary school-age population that attends primary school. The gross attendance ratio (GAR) is the total number of students attending primary school - regardless of age - expressed as a percentage of the official primary school-age population. Over-Age, Under-Age, and On-Time Students in Primary School, Ethiopia Only about 11% of primary school students are in the appropriate grade for their age; the on-time proportion declines in the higher grades. 85% of the male primary school Over Age On Time Under Age students and 83% of the female 100% students are over-age. 80% The percentage of males who are over- 60% age ranges from 81% to 88%. The 40% 6 20% percentage for females ranges from 82% 0% to 86%. F M F M F M F M F M F M About 6% of primary school students are Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 younger that the official age for the Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 grade that they are attending. The Implications of Over-Age/Under-Age Students For the system: Both late entry into primary school and grade repetition can cause children to be over-age for 7 their grade. High repetition rates indicate inefficiency in the education system. In the classroom: Large numbers of over-age students present a challenge for teachers who must teach a more diverse group with differing levels of maturity and school preparedness. Students are considered to be on time if they are at the official age for the grade; over age if they are one or more years older; and under age if they are one or more years younger. Primary School Net Attendance Rate in Urban and Rural Areas, Ethiopia Primary School Net Attendance Rate Children in urban areas are twice as 100 likely to attend school than children 80 76 74 75 in rural areas. 60 Female % 37 Male 40 35 36 Both In urban areas, 75% of children of 20 primary school age attend school, 10 compared to 36% in rural areas. 0 Urban Rural Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 No significant gender disparity can be observed in either urban or rural areas. Primary School Net Attendace Rate by Region, Ethiopia There are large regional disparities in primary school attendance in Ethiopia. Primary net attendance is highest in the Harari region (52%); attendance is lowest in the Somali region (12%). Gender disparity is lowest in the Harari region and highest in the Dire Dawa region. In 8 of the 10 regions, less than a half of primary school age children attends school. 12 Primary School Net Attendance Rate 100 90 80 70 Year 1 58 60 Year 2 52 53 50 49 Female Year 3 50 47 46 44 43 44 42 Year 4 39 39 41 40 36 Year 5 29 30 Male 18 20 14 10 10 10 0 2005 Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 Secondary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Ethiopia Only 15% of secondary school age youth attend school. The gender disparity in attendance is slightly higher in secondary school than at the primary school level. 13 15% of youth ages 13-18 attend Secondary School Net Attendance Rate 100 secondary school. 14 80 Female 60 15 17% of males ages 13-18 attend school, % Male 40 compared to 13% of females. 17 20 13 15 Both 5 5 5 0 Students over or under the official 2000 2005 secondary school age range make up 8% Secondary School Gross Attendance Rate of the secondary school age population. Year 2 Year 3 100 Year 4 80 Year 5 Female Secondary school gross attendance 60 % Male 40 27 rates slowly increased in 5 years from 23 18 13% in 2000 to 23% in 2005. 20 12 14 13 Both 0 2000 2005 Source: Demographic and Health Survey Secondary School Net Attendance Rate in Urban and Rural Areas, Ethiopia There are 10 times more secondary school students in urban areas as compared to rural areas. In urban areas, 23% of children of secondary school age attend school, Secondary School Net Attendance Rate in Urban and Rural Areas compared to 2% in rural areas. 100 17 80 Some gender disparity in favor 60 of boys can be observed in % Female urban areas. 40 Male 27 23 Both 19 20 2 2 2 0 Urban Rural Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 Secondary School Net Attendace Rate by Region, Ethiopia Secondary School Net Attendance Rate 100 90 80 70 60 50 Female 40 30 Male 16 20 20 20 16 6 8 8 6 10 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 3 0 Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 Secondary net attendance is highest in the Dire Dawa region (18%); attendance is lowest in the Afar region (1%). Gender disparity is highest in the Gambela region and lowest in the Benishangul-Gumuz region. School Attendance by Age and Sex, Ethiopia There are as many girls as boys 6 Female Male 7 attending school up to age 12, in 8 100 9 90 older age groups the percentage 10 80 of boys attending school tends to 11 70 be higher than girls. 12 60 13 % 50 14 40 For females, the highest 15 30 16 20 attendance rate is at age 15 17 10 (61%), while for males the 18 0 19 highest attendance rate is 20 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Age at age 14 (66%). Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 Repetition, Dropout, and Promotion Rates by Grade, Ethiopia Repetition rate ranges from 0% in grade 5 of secondary school to 6% in grade 1 of primary school. Dropout rate is highest in grade 4 of secondary school (32%) and lowest in grade 5 of secondary school (4%). Dropout Rate Repetition Rate Promotion Rate 100% 80% 21 60% 40% 20% 0% Prim G1 Prim G2 Prim G3 Prim G4 Prim G5 Prim G6 Sec G1 Sec G2 Sec G3 Sec G4 Sec G5 Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 Primary School Completion Rates, Ethiopia Primary school completion rate doubled The probability of completing primary school is much in 5 years, from 20% in 2000 to 39% in higher in urban than rural areas, and increases with 2005. the relative wealth of the student's household. Rural 32 39 Urban 106 2005 46 33 Both Male Wealth quintile 5 78 Female 20 Wealth quintile 4 35 Wealth quintile 3 26 2000 23 Wealth quintile 2 16 18 Wealth quintile 1 9 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Source: Demographic and Health Survey Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 Male The primary school completion rate is the total number of students attending the last grade of primary school - regardless of age - 15+ expressed as a percentage of the official last grade of primary school -age population. Educational Attainment, Ethiopia Males are better educated than women across all age groups. Among the population aged 15 years old and above, 52% of men and 72% of women have no education. 28% of men and 41% of women who are 15-19 year old have never attended school. Only 2% of the population aged 15 years old and above have post-secondary education. 28 Only 2% of the population aged 15 years old and above have post-secondary education. Female Male Only 2 % of the population aged 15 years old and above have post-secondary education. Post-secondary Secondary completed Secondary Incomplete Post-secondary Secondary completed Secondary Incomplete Primary completed Primary incomplete No Schooling Primary completed Primary incomplete No Schooling 41 37 7 15 00 15-19 01 20 9 42 28 61 19 3 11 4 2 20-24 2 4 22 6 30 36 68 19 2 6 4 2 25-29 3 5 12 5 31 43 74 15 2 5 3 2 30-34 2 5 10 7 29 46 80 11 1 3 3 2 35-39 3 4 9 6 28 49 88 6 1 3 12 40-44 4 4 8 3 21 60 93 3 1201 45-49 3 3 7 3 17 66 96 3010 50-54 2 2 4 3 14 75 96 20100 55-59 11 3 2 14 79 99 100 60-64 1010 9 88 99 100 65+ 0010 4 95 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 Female Literacy Rates, Ethiopia Female Literacy Rate, Urban Female Literacy Rate, Rural 22 Can read 21 32 Can read Cannot read Cannot read 68 79 Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2005 Age specific attendance rateGaoUrban40526MaliBoth Age specific attendance rateGaoUrban15-17MaliBoth 79% of women age 15-24 in urban areas can read, compared to 32% in rural areas.
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