Federico Cesi E L'accademia Dei Lincei
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Wunderkammer In the 1550s a new kind of collecting emerged among wealthy Europeans as they confronted the explosion of knowledge following the discovery of distant lands and new, basic scientific principles. Emperors, princes, nobles, and merchants assembled paintings, precious objects, scientific instruments, games, and natural wonders to create individualized micro- cosms. In these chambers of wonder (Wunderkammern)—and their smaller counterparts, the cabinets of wonder (Wunderkabinette)—rare and unusual natural specimens co-existed with exquisite artificial pro- ductions and the latest technological inventions. Designed as store- houses of knowledge and instruments for learning, these all-embracing collections also provided occasions for intellectual amusement, med- itation on God’s creation, and the display of wealth and status. Playful and profound, compact yet universal, these singular spaces encouraged visitors to assemble objects into ever-changing configu- rations—like their cyber equivalent, the Internet. Both invite constant visual engagement as the primary mode of interaction. By bringing the exceptional into the world at hand, Wunderkammern accustomed the eye to visual stimulations not unlike those dominating our contemporary life. Leading toward the modern public museum, Wunderkammern inspired the mind to expand the limits of imagination and to be transported beyond the here and now. Little Epiphanies With the invention of the microscope in the early 1600s, viewers could experience sudden insight (epiphanies) into a formerly invisible universe of minute things. The multiple-lens compound microscope, initially produced by Dutch opticians and commercialized about 1660, was the first such instrument. Paradoxically, the single-lens microscope seems to have been invented after the compound microscope. Even though chromatic aberration—caused by the differences in refraction of the colored rays of the spectrum—often blurred and distorted the images, fundamental scientific discoveries were enabled by both types of early microscopes. -
On the Alleged Use of Keplerian Telescopes in Naples in the 1610S
On the Alleged Use of Keplerian Telescopes in Naples in the 1610s By Paolo Del Santo Museo Galileo: Institute and Museum of History of Science – Florence (Italy) Abstract The alleged use of Keplerian telescopes by Fabio Colonna (c. 1567 – 1640), in Naples, since as early as October 1614, as claimed in some recent papers, is shown to be in fact untenable and due to a misconception. At the 37th Annual Conference of the Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell'Astronomia (Italian Society of the Historians of Physics and Astronomy, SISFA), held in Bari in September 2017, Mauro Gargano gave a talk entitled Della Porta, Colonna e Fontana e le prime osservazioni astronomiche a Napoli. This contribution, which appeared in the Proceedings of the Conference (Gargano, 2019a), was then followed by a paper —actually, very close to the former, which, in turn, is very close to a previous one (Gargano, 2017)— published, in the same year, in the Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (Gargano, 2019b). In both of these writings, Gargano claimed that the Neapolitan naturalist Fabio Colonna (c. 1567 – 1640), member of the Accademia dei Lincei, would have made observations with a so-called “Keplerian” or “astronomical” telescope (i.e. with converging eyepiece), in the early autumn of 1614. The events related to the birth and development of Keplerian telescope —named after Johannes Kepler, who theorised this optical configuration in his Dioptrice, published in 1611— are complex and not well-documented, and their examination lies beyond the scope of this paper. However, from a historiographical point of view, the news that someone was already using such a configuration since as early as autumn 1614 for astronomical observations, if true, would have not negligible implications, which Gargano himself does not seem to realize. -
Folke Gernert Fictionalizing Heterodoxy
Folke Gernert Fictionalizing heterodoxy Folke Gernert Fictionalizing heterodoxy Various uses of knowledge in the Spanish world from the Archpriest of Hita to Mateo Alemán ISBN 978-3-11-062872-2 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-062877-7 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-062878-4 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 license. For more information, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019941632. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Folke Gernert, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Contents Acknowledgements VII Introduction 1 The Tratado de la divinança by Lope de Barrientos, in the European Context 7 PhysiognomyinPrintand its Readers 20 The Legitimacy of the Partially Occult Sciences, Physiognomyand Chiromancy in the Face of the Inquisition 35 The Precariousness of Knowing the Occult: The Problematic Status of Physiognomy 59 The Physiognomic Knowledge of the Archpriest of Hita 81 The Problematic Competences of the Female Rogue: La LozanaAndaluza and La pícara Justina 100 Predictive Astrology: From King Alcaraz to La Lozana Andaluza 112 Miscellaneous Knowledge, Good and Bad, in aBookofChivalry: the Baldo of 1542 127 The Accumulation of (un)useful Knowledge in the Moralistic Commentaries of the Baldo and the Guzmán de Alfarache 153 Bibliography 173 Index 198 Acknowledgements The essays collected in this book are English translations of previouslypub- lished material. -
Medical Competence, Anatomy and the Polity in Seventeenth-Century Rome
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Renaissance Studies Vol. 21 No. 4 BlackwellOxford,RESTRenaissance0269-1213©XXXOriginalMedicine 2007 TheUKArticles in Publishing seventeenth-century Author Studies Journal Ltd compilation Rome © 2007 The Society for Renaissance Studies, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Silvia De Renzi Medical competence, anatomy and the polity in seventeenth-century Rome Silvia De Renzi In April 1624, while walking in the Vatican gardens, Pope Urban VIII was entertained by a small group discussing the latest startling natural phenom- enon, a two-headed calf. With the pontiff were his secretary, his theologian and two physicians, Johannes Faber and Giulio Mancini. A few days before, Faber had received the calf from the Cardinal Nephew and, having dissected it in front of students at his home, now presented his drawings to the pope.1 Five months later, by papal order, Mancini called Faber to attend the autopsy of Marco Antonio De Dominis. One of the tragic figures of the Counter- Reformation, De Dominis had died in jail after controversially recanting his heretical views. Rumours of poisoning soon circulated and an autopsy was ordered, but the doctors judged it a natural death.2 These episodes tend to appear in unrelated historical accounts. De Dominis’ demise, including the subsequent burning of his corpse, has been explored by religious historians discussing ill-fated instances of reform in the Catholic Church.3 Historian of science Paula Findlen has analysed the con- versation on the two-headed calf as an example of how, by becoming courtly displays, natural investigations gained unprecedented importance in the early modern period.4 In neither account has the presence of physicians been remarked. -
Knowledge, Freedom, and Brotherly Love: Homosociality and the Accademia Dei Lincei Mario Biagioli Special Cluster: Gender and Early-Modern Science
Copyright © 1995, The Johns Hopkins University Press and the Society for Literature and Science. All rights reserved. Configurations 3.2 (1995) 139-166 ../toc Knowledge, Freedom, and Brotherly Love: Homosociality and the Accademia dei Lincei Mario Biagioli Special Cluster: Gender and Early-Modern Science The Accademia dei Lincei, often considered the earliest of scientific organizations, was established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, a young Roman aristocrat who was soon to become prince of San Polo and Sant'Angelo, duke of Aquasparta, and marquis of Monticelli. 1 After a period of very limited activity, which lasted until 1609, the academy quickly revived its membership and visibility, and by 1611 it included prestigious figures like Galileo and Giovanbattista della Porta. Its ranks continued to increase until 1625, when it listed thirty-two members, most of them located in Rome, Naples, and Florence. 2 The Lincei became an important reference point in the fledgling Italian philosophical community and played a relevant role in Galileo's later career, but it collapsed shortly after the prince's death in 1630. Cesi left behind a vast, elaborate, and well-documented academic project that usually bore little more than a family resemblance to the [End Page 139] actual academy. This essay analyzes the gender dimensions of Cesi's project and traces them into some aspects of the academy's historical record. Unlike all other seventeenth-century scientific academies that excluded women from their membership without making that ban explicit or providing reasons for their policies, the Lincei's oath stated that the academy was a "philosophical army" whose recruits were exclusively male. -
Renaissance and Reformation, 1997
^ A Catholic Theologian Responds to Copemicanism: IRVING A. KELTER The Theological Judicium of Paolo Foscarini's Lettera Summary: This paper is an in-depth analysis of the Carmelite Paolo Foscarini 's role in the debate on Copernican cosmology in the early seven- teenth century. Using as a point of departure the 1616 Judicium issued by the Catholic Church against Foscarini's pro-Copemican treatise, this analysis will lead to a clearer understanding ofthe discussions on thefluidity or hardness of celestial bodies, and more generally on the conflicting Biblical and Copernican models. On March 5, 1616, the Roman Catholic Church's Sacred Congregation of the Index issued a decree prohibiting, until corrected, both Nicholas Copernicus' classic work, the De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, and the In lob commentaria by the Spanish theologian Diego de Zufiiga, a portion of which dealt with the reconciliation of the Copernican system with the Bible. The same decree condemned absolutely the Lettera . sopra I'opinione de' Pittagorici e del Copemico della mobilita della terra e stabilita del sole by the Carmelite Paolo Foscarini, a work which appeared in print in 1615.^ This treatise by Foscarini was prohibited on the twin grounds of claiming that the new astronomy of Copernicus was consonant with the truth and reconcilable with the Bible. In his role as an ardent exponent of the Copernican cosmology and ally of Galileo, Foscarini has been duly noticed but insufficiently studied by historians. Some attention has been paid to Foscarini's role as a Copernican spokesman by historians interested either in chronicling the spread of Coper- nicanism in Europe or in detailing the events leading up to the condemnation Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme, XXI, 2 (1997) /59 60 / Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme of 1616, which itself set the stage for Galileo's personal condemnation of 1633. -
Carta Ao Editor / Letter to the Editor
113 Carta ao Editor / Letter to the Editor sent to Prof Leninha Valério do Nascimento - Director of ANAIS BRASILEIROS DE DERMATOLOGIA Dear Editor, It was an honor to receive the comments from Prof. Karl Holubar, from the Institute for the History of Medicine in the University of Vienna, regarding my recent editorial called A Essência da Ciência (The Essence of Science). It is a special pleasure to receive his support in my historical discussion about the impact of the Royal Society of London in the development of science, as we know today. However, my editorial was prepared not as a historical review but only as a opportunity to use an historical fact to point out how important it was to the modern view of a scientific periodical. I agree with Prof. Holubar's review about some previous scientific societies in Europe such as the two important national academies, the French and the German ones, as well as the Accademia dei Lincei, that has just completed 400 years of history. However, I do think that the Royal Society represents a special situation, far from all those ancient and influent academies, because of the paradigm that always coordinated its history and contribution to science. Let's take the example of the Accademia dei Lincei, founded in 1603, by a mathematician (Francesco Stelutti), a philosopher (Johannes van Heeck), and a botanic scientist (Federico Cesi).1 All the original founders and the first members were from very rich families and the academy only last for 50 years (until 1653); Accademia dei Lincei was reorganized after -
THE TRIAL of GALILEO-REVISITED Dr
THE TRIAL OF GALILEO-REVISITED Dr. George DeRise Professor Emeritus, Mathematics Thomas Nelson Community College FALL 2018 Mon 1:30 PM- 3:30 PM, 6 sessions 10/22/2018 - 12/3/2018 (Class skip date 11/19) Sadler Center, Commonwealth Auditorium Christopher Wren Association BOOKS: THE TRIAL OF GALILEO, 1612-1633: Thomas F. Mayer. (Required) THE CASE FOR GALILEO- A CLOSED QUESTION? Fantoli, Annibale. GALILEO; THE RISE AND FALL OF A TROUBLESOME GENIUS. Shea, William; Artigas, Mariano. BASIC ONLINE SOURCES: Just Google: “Galileo” and “Galileo Affair” (WIKI) “Galileo Project” and “Trial of Galileo-Famous Trials” YOUTUBE MOVIES: Just Google: “GALILEO'S BATTLE FOR THE HEAVENS – NOVA – YOUTUBE” “GREAT BOOKS, GALILEO’S DIALOGUE – YOUTUBE” HANDOUTS: GLOSSARY CAST OF CHARACTERS BLUE DOCUMENTS GALILEO GALILEI: b. 1564 in Pisa, Italy Astronomer, Physicist, Mathematician Professor of Mathematics, Universities of Pisa and Padua. In 1610 he observed the heavens with the newly invented telescope- mountains and craters of the moon, moons of Jupiter, many stars never seen before; later the phases of Venus; sunspots. These observations supported his belief that the Copernican (Heliocentric) system was correct, i.e. that the Sun was the center of the Universe; the planets including earth revolved around it. This was in direct contrast to the Ptolemaic-Aristotelian (Geocentric) System which was 1500 years old at the time. Galileo’s Copernican view was also in conflict with the Christian interpretation of Holy Scripture. Because of the Counter Reformation Catholic theologians took a literal interpretation of the Bible. Galileo was investigated by the Inquisition in 1615 and warned not to defend the Copernican view. -
La Magie Naturelle De Giovan Battista Della Porta Donato Verardi
La science et les secrets de la nature à Naples à la Renaissance : la magie naturelle de Giovan Battista Della Porta Donato Verardi To cite this version: Donato Verardi. La science et les secrets de la nature à Naples à la Renaissance : la magie naturelle de Giovan Battista Della Porta. Histoire. Université Paris-Est, 2017. Français. NNT : 2017PESC0091. tel-01938280 HAL Id: tel-01938280 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01938280 Submitted on 28 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÀ DI PISA – UNIVERSITÉ PARIS EST (École doctorale Cultures et Sociétés) Dottorato di ricerca in cotutela in / Doctorat de recherche en FILOSOFIA (XXIX Ciclo): Storia della Filosofia / HISTOIRE : Histoire du Moyen Âge DONATO VERARDI La scienza e i segreti della natura a Napoli nel Rinascimento: la magia naturale di Giovan Battista Della Porta Direttori di ricerca/ Directeurs de recherche: Prof. NICOLAS WEILL-PAROT Prof. ALFONSO M. IACONO Componenti della commissione/ Membres du jury: Nicolas Weill-Parot, Roberto Poma, Alfredo Perifano, Stéphane Toussaint, Alfonso M. Iacono, Vittoria Perrone Compagni, Simonetta Bassi, Sandra Plastina 1 Ringraziamenti Al momento di consegnare la presente tesi dottorale sono lieto di ringraziare in primis i miei direttori di ricerca, il professor Nicolas Weill-Parot, che ha seguito costantemente il mio lavoro, e il professor Alfonso M. -
The Opposite Poles of a Debate - Lapides Figurati and the Accademia Dei Lincei1 Citation: A
Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia The Opposite Poles of a Debate - Lapides figurati and the Accademia dei Lincei1 Citation: A. Ottaviani (2021) The Oppo- site Poles of a Debate - Lapides figu- rati and the Accademia dei Lincei. Substantia 5(1) Suppl.: 19-28. doi: Alessandro Ottaviani 10.36253/Substantia-1275 Università di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Pedagogia, Psicologia, Filosofia, via Is Mirrionis Copyright: © 2021 A. Ottaviani. This is 1, 09123 Cagliari an open access, peer-reviewed article E-mail: [email protected] published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) and distributed under the terms of the Abstract. The essay analyses the research carried out by some members of the Acca- Creative Commons Attribution License, demia dei Lincei on lapides figurati, namely by Fabio Colonna on animal fossils, and by which permits unrestricted use, distri- Federico Cesi and Francesco Stelluti on plant fossils; the aim is to show the role played bution, and reproduction in any medi- by the Accademia dei Lincei in establishing during the second half of the seventeenth um, provided the original author and century the opposite poles of the debate on the lapides figurati, on the one hand as source are credited. chronological indices of a past world and, on the other, as sudden outcome of the vis Data Availability Statement: All rel- vegetativa. evant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Keywords: Accademia dei Lincei, Fabio Colonna, Federico Cesi, Francesco Stelluti, Fossils, lapides figurati, Rationes seminales. Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. 1. -
TASTE and PRUDENCE in the ART of JUSEPE DE RIBERA by Hannah Joy Friedman a Dissertation Submitted to the Johns Hopkins Universit
TASTE AND PRUDENCE IN THE ART OF JUSEPE DE RIBERA by Hannah Joy Friedman A dissertation submitted to the Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland May, 2016 Copyright Hannah Joy Friedman, 2016 (c) Abstract: Throughout his long career in southern Italy, the Spanish artist Jusepe de Ribera (1591- 1652) showed a vested interest in the shifting practices and expectations that went into looking at pictures. As I argue, the artist’s evident preoccupation with sensory experience is inseparable from his attention to the ways in which people evaluated and spoke about art. Ribera’s depictions of sensory experience, in works such as the circa 1615 Five Senses, the circa 1622 Studies of Features, and the 1637 Isaac Blessing Jacob, approach the subject of the bodily senses in terms of evaluation and questioning, emphasizing the link between sensory experience and prudence. Ribera worked at a time and place when practices of connoisseurship were not, as they are today, a narrow set of preoccupations with attribution and chronology but a wide range of qualitative evaluations, and early sources describe him as a tasteful participant in a spoken connoisseurial culture. In these texts, the usage of the term “taste,” gusto, links the assessment of Ribera’s work to his own capacity to judge the works of other artists. Both taste and prudence were crucial social skills within the courtly culture that composed the upper tier of Ribera’s audience, and his pictures respond to the tensions surrounding sincerity of expression or acceptance of sensory experience in a novel and often satirical vein. -
Catholicism and Science
Catholicism and Science PETER M. J. HESS AND PAUL L. ALLEN Greenwood Guides to Science and Religion Richard Olson, Series Editor Greenwood Press r Westport, Connecticut London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hess, Peter M. J. Catholicism and science / Peter M. J. Hess and Paul L. Allen. p. cm. — (Greenwood guides to science and religion) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–33190–9 (alk. paper) 1. Religion and science—History. 2. Catholic Church—Doctrines—History. I. Allen, Paul L. II. Title. BX1795.S35H47 2008 261.5 5088282—dc22 2007039200 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright C 2008 by Peter M. J. Hess and Paul L. Allen All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007039200 ISBN: 978–0–313–33190–9 First published in 2008 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 Contents Series Foreword ix Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix Chronology of Events xxi Chapter 1. Introduction to Science in the Catholic Tradition 1 Introduction: “Catholicism” and “Science” 1 The Heritage of the Early Church 3 Natural Knowledge in the Patristic Era 6 Science in the Early Middle Ages: Preserving Fragments 12 The High Middle Ages: The Rediscovery of Aristotle and Scholastic Natural Philosophy 15 Later Scholasticism: Exploring New Avenues 21 Conclusion: From Late Scholasticism into Early Modernity 23 Chapter 2.