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Eucera, Beiträge Zur Apidologie Eucera Beiträge zur Apidologie Nr. 10 ISSN 1866-1521 25. November 2016 Eucera 10, 2016 Inhaltsverzeichnis Paul Westrich: Zum Pollensammelverhalten der auf Kreuzblütler spezialisierten Bienenarten Andrena ranunculorum und Andrena probata (Hymenoptera, Apidae) .................................................................................. 3 Paul Westrich & Josef Bülles: Epeolus fallax, ein Brutparasit von Colletes hederae und eine für Deutschland neue Bienenart (Hymenoptera, Apidae) ........................................................................................................................ 15 Paul Westrich: Die Sandbiene Andrena fulva (Hymenoptera, Apidae) als Pollensammler am Pfaffenhütchen (Euonymus europaeus) .......................................................................................................................................................... 27 Content Paul Westrich: Pollen collecting behaviour of two bee species specialized on Brassicaceae: Andrena ranun- culorum und Andrena probata (Hymenoptera, Apidae) ............................................................................................. 3 Paul Westrich & Josef Bülles: Epeolus fallax, a broodparasite of Colletes hederae and a new species for the bee fauna of Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae) ............................................................................................ 15 Paul Westrich: Andrena fulva collects pollen from spindle (Euonymus europaeus) ......................................... 27 Anmerkung des Herausgebers Seit März 2007 berichte ich auf meiner Website »Faszination Wildbienen« (www.wildbienen.info) über Beobachtungen, die mir besonders mitteilenswert erscheinen und die ich mit Bildmaterial illustriere. Da ein langfristiger Zugang zu diesen Mitteilungen nicht gewährleistet ist, habe ich mich entschlossen, das eine oder andere aus den Tagebucheinträgen in Eucera unter dem Stichwort »Bienenkundliche Notizen« zu veröffentlichen. Impressum / Imprint Eigentümer, Herausgeber und Verleger: Dr. Paul Westrich, Raichbergstr. 38, D–72127 Kusterdingen www.eucera.de © Paul Westrich 2016 Eucera Nr. 10 Kusterdingen, 25. November 2016 ISSN 1866–1521 Titelbild: Blick von Jeizinen (CH) nach Westen auf die südexponierten Hänge mit der Ortschaft En- gersch, Lebensraum von Andrena ranunculorum und Andrena probata in den Walliser Alpen (23. Mai 2008). Kleines Bild links: Weibchen von Andrena ranunculorum auf Isatis tinctoria. Kleines Bild rechts: Weibchen von Andrena probata auf Erysimum rhaeticum (24. Mai 2014). 2 Eucera 10: 3–14 (2016) ISSN 1866-1521 Paul Westrich Zum Pollensammelverhalten der auf Kreuzblütler spezialisierten Bienenarten Andrena ranunculorum und Andrena probata (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Abstract Pollen collecting behaviour of two bee species specialized on Brassicaceae: Andrena ranunculorum und Andrena probata (Hymenoptera, Apidae). – Between 1990 and 2015 the pollen collecting behaviour of Andrena ranunculorum Morawitz 1872 and Andrena probata Warncke 1973 was studied in the Canton of Valais. Analysed pollen loads from collection specimens proved that the two species are oligolectic on Brassicaceae. Though occuring in the same ha- bitat, different cruciferes are used for pollen collecting: While A. ranunculorum uses Biscutella laevigata, Isatis tinctoria and Alyssum saxatile, plants with small petals, A. probata exclusively uses Erysimum rhaeticum, a plant with much larger petals. A. ranunculorum needs only 5,4 sec for foraging a single flower, A. probata 34 sec. While A. ranunculorum drinks nectar and harvests the pollen simultaneously, A. probata first dives deep into the flower to drink nectar, head and mandibles get dusted with pollen, then the pollen is brushed from these body parts with the fore legs and relocated via the middle legs into the transporting structures of the hind legs (scopa, floccus) and the propodeum (ringlets). Foraging at different plants is interpreted as a means to avoid competition. Besides A. ranunculorum 16 further bee species foraging for pollen at Isatis tinctoria were recorded. Zusammenfassung Pollenanalysen und Beobachtungen des Blütenbesuchsverhaltens der beiden in den Walliser Alpen verbreite- ten Bienenarten Andrena ranunculorum Morawitz 1872 und Andrena probata Warncke 1973 belegten nicht nur die Oligolektie und Spezialisierung auf Brassicaceae, sondern auch die Nutzung unterschiedlicher Kreuzblütler als Nektar- und Pollenquellen, was als Konkurrenzvermeidung interpretiert wird. A. ranunculorum nutzt Arten mit klei- nen Blütenblättern (Biscutella laevigata, Isatis tinctoria, Alyssum saxatile), während A. probata ausschließlich Erysimum rhaeticum, das große Blütenblätter hat, besammelt. Die unterschiedliche Dauer und Art der Entnahme von Nektar und Pollen durch die beiden Bienenarten wird beschrieben. 16 Arten wurden an Isatis tinctoria als Pollensammler erfaßt. Einleitung Frage nachgehen. Schon in den 1990er Jahren hat- te ich Sammlungsexemplare untersucht und mir Obwohl in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten das vorgenommen, bei wiederholten Aufenthalten Pollensammelverhalten zahlreicher Arten der im Wallis (Schweiz) und im Aosta-Tal (Italien) auch Gattung Andrena Fabricius näher untersucht und das Blütenbesuchsverhalten im Feld zu studieren. geklärt werden konnte (u. a. Chambers 1945, Vorliegende Arbeit enthält die Ergebnisse dieser Westrich & Schmidt 1987, Westrich 1990, Cane & Untersuchungen. Sipes 2006, Müller & Kuhlmann 2008, Sedivy et al. Detaillierte Beschreibungen und Fundkarten 2008, Westrich 2008), gibt es in Mitteleuropa immer beider Arten liefern Gusenleitner & Schwarz (2002). noch Arten, deren Blütenbesuchsverhalten wir nur Mit den Tabellen und Abbildungen bei Amiet et al. unzureichend kennen. Speziell bei oligolektischen (2010) und Schmid-Egger & Scheuchl (1997) lassen Arten stellt z. B. sich die Frage, wie sich die Weibchen sich die beiden Arten bestimmen. verhalten, wenn innerhalb des Aktionsradius meh- rere Pflanzenarten der Verwandschaftsgruppe blü- hen, auf die sich die Oligolektie bezieht. Gibt es hier Material und Methoden Bevorzugungen oder werden alle Arten in gleicher Pollenladungen von Belegexemplaren aus privaten Intensität genutzt und was sind die Gründe hierfür? und öffentlichen Sammlungen (siehe Danksagung) Wie verhalten sich Weibchen, von denen wir an- wurden nach den bei Westrich & Schmidt (1986) nehmen, daß sie zum gleichen Oligolektietyp ge- beschriebenen Methoden lichtmikroskopisch un- hören, wenn sie an ein und demselben Ort zur glei- tersucht. Die Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen chen Zeit aktiv sind? Anhand der beiden hier be- im Freiland wurden in den Jahren 1990, 1991, 1995, handelten, in den Südwestalpen vorkommenden 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2008 und 2014 in der Arten Andrena probata Warncke 1973 und Andrena Schweiz (Kanton Wallis) und 2015 im Val de Cogne ranunculorum Morawitz 1878 möchte ich dieser (Italien) durchgeführt. 3 Eucera 10, 2016 Ergebnisse Untersuchungsjahren habe ich gezielt auch nach Beständen von Biscutella laevigata (Glattfrüchtiges Andrena ranunculorum Brillenschötchen) gesucht, einer in der Schweiz vor allem in der subalpin-alpinen Höhenstufe verbrei- Andrena ranunculorum wurde 1877 von Morawitz teten Art. Erst 2014 gelang mir am 24. und 25. Mai aus dem Kaukasus beschrieben. Die Art gehört zur die Beobachtung zweier Weibchen, die jeweils ca. Gruppe der Andrena hypopolia Schmiedeknecht zwei Minuten Pollen sammelten (Abb. 6). Allerdings 1883. Sie ist disjunkt von Spanien bis zum Kaukasus war es mir nicht möglich, von den beiden Weibchen verbreitet (Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002). auch die Pollenladungen zu analysieren, da sie vor Außer aus dem Gebiet des Locus typicus dem geplanten Fang wegflogen. Auch Andrena bar- (Kuban-Gebirge) lagen mir auch Exemplare aus bareae konnte ich mehrfach an Biscutella laevigata Nachitschewan, von der Krim, aus der Türkei, aus Pollen sammeln sehen. Griechenland, aus der Schweiz sowie aus Italien Eine gezielte Suche an blühenden Exemplaren und Spanien vor. Soweit die Fundorte zu ermitteln von Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Brunnenkressen- waren, lagen sie in einer Höhe zwischen 700 m und blättrige Rauke) und Barbarea vulgaris (Gewöhn- 2600 m ü. NHN. Andrena ranunculorum ist daher liches Barbarakraut) blieb erfolglos. Amiet (mündl. eine typische Gebirgsart, die je nach Höhenstufe Mitt. 2015) hatte die Art als Besucher von Barbarea von Anfang Mai bis Mitte Juni fliegt. Im Kanton vulgaris vermerkt, welchem Zweck der Besuch dien- Wallis (Schweiz) beobachtete ich die meisten te, ist nicht bekannt. Exemplare bei Erschmatt und Jeizinen in einer Nester konnte ich trotz intensiver Suche nicht Höhe von 1200 m bis 1700 m ü. NHN. finden. Von 32 Pollenladungen von 12 Lokalitäten Sowohl auf Isatis tinctoria als auch auf Alyssum (Aserbaidschan, Ukraine, Türkei, Griechenland, saxatile konnte ich das Pollensammeln filmen. Italien, Schweiz) enthielten 28 ausschließlich Pollen Die Auswertung der am 23. Mai 2014 zwischen von Brassicaceae. Drei Pollenladungen enthiel- 12:00 h und 13:00 h auf Alyssum saxatile ge- ten sowohl Brassicaceae als auch Apiaceae mit machten Aufnahmen ergab folgendes: Wenn den Anteilen 90 % bzw. 10 %, 80 % bzw. 20 % und die Infloreszenzen voll aufgeblüht sind, läuft das 75 % bzw. 25 %. Eine Ladung enthielt außer 62 % Weibchen emsig darüber, wählt dabei eine ge- Brassicaceae noch 38 % Asteraceae-Pollen vom eignete Blüte aus und beginnt mit der Ernte. Taraxacum-Typ (siehe Tabl. 2). Sobald der Kopf über der Blüte ist, wird der Pollen Im Wallis habe ich zahlreiche Weibchen der Art in aus den
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