Eucera, Beiträge Zur Apidologie
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The Chemical Ecology and Evolution of Bee–Flower Interactions: a Review and Perspectives1
668 REVIEW / SYNTHE` SE The chemical ecology and evolution of bee–flower interactions: a review and perspectives1 S. Do¨ tterl and N.J. Vereecken Abstract: Bees and angiosperms have shared a long and intertwined evolutionary history and their interactions have re- sulted in remarkable adaptations. Yet, at a time when the ‘‘pollination crisis’’ is of major concern as natural populations of both wild and honey bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) face alarming decline rates at a worldwide scale, there are important gaps in our understanding of the ecology and evolution of bee–flower interactions. In this review, we summarize and dis- cuss the current knowledge about the role of floral chemistry versus other communication channels in bee-pollinated flow- ering plants, both at the macro- and micro-evolutionary levels, and across the specialization–generalization gradient. The available data illustrate that floral scents and floral chemistry have been largely overlooked in bee–flower interactions, and that pollination studies integrating these components along with pollinator behaviour in a phylogenetic context will help gain considerable insights into the sensory ecology and the evolution of bees and their associated flowering plants. Re´sume´ : Les abeilles et les angiospermes partagent une grande partie de leur histoire e´volutive, et leurs interactions ont produit de remarquables exemples d’adaptations mutuelles. Cependant, a` une e´poque ou` la « crise de la pollinisation » de- vient une pre´occupation majeure et ou` les populations d’abeilles sauvages et mellife`res (Apis mellifera L., 1758) font face a` des de´clins massifs a` l’e´chelle mondiale, notre compre´hension de l’e´cologie et de l’e´volution des relations abeilles- plantes demeure fragmentaire. -
LIFE 4 Pollinators Bees of the Mediterranean Hairs Are Used to Gather the Pollen Grains
NO OR FEW HAIR FEW OR NO HAIRY ANDRENID A may be present. be may E COLITIDAE E D I GU D IEL F morphogenus more than one class per category category per class one than more morphogenus COLITIDAE n each each n I classes. several propose we categories, protection under the common agricultural policy. agricultural common the under protection or each of these these of each or F colour. tegument and hairs strategy, the pollinators initiative and biodiversity biodiversity and initiative pollinators the strategy, MEGACHILIDAE he traits you need to observe at first are size, size, are first at observe to need you traits he T legislation, including amongst others the biodiversity biodiversity the others amongst including legislation, HALICTIDAE morphogenera defined by few traits. few by defined morphogenera U policy and and policy U E of range a to contribute wil project he T regroup them in few big groups of species called called species of groups big few in them regroup the remaining high-value pollinator habitats. pollinator high-value remaining the MEGACHILIDAE ees species are not easy to identify, but we we but identify, to easy not are species ees B and ensure sustainable management and restoration of of restoration and management sustainable ensure and the level of individual species individual of level the to address the main drivers behind pollinator decline decline pollinator behind drivers main the address to recognised within 15 morpho-groups and not at at not and morpho-groups 15 within recognised obstacles to proper planning of successful programmes programmes successful of planning proper to obstacles APIDAE morphological traits only, allows the bees to be be to bees the allows only, traits morphological his knowledge gap is one of the main main the of one is gap knowledge his T diversity. -
Mating Cluster Behaviour in the Solitary Bee Colletes Succinctus
To confirm species identification a small sample was Mating cluster behaviour in the collected in 2006 when the population reappeared. The identity was established from a male specimen whose solitary bee Colletes succinctus morphological characters, including features in the (Linn.), Hymenoptera, Colletidae genitalia, match those of Colletes succinctus , the girdled Colletes (Saunders, 1896; Step, 1946). This is 1 1 a common species on heaths and commons and usually Pauline Lang , E. Geoffrey Hancock , Kevin forages on heather. 1 2 J. Murphy & Robert L. Watt 1Division of Environmental Biology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ 2Bogendreip Farm, Strachan, Banchory, Kincardineshire, Scotland AB31 6LP In August 2005, during a botanical freshwater survey of the Water of Dye, a tributary of the River Dee at the Bridge of Bogendreip, Kincardineshire (NGR: NO 662910), our attention was drawn to the behaviour of a population of solitary bees. These bees were occupying plots of soil in the garden of Bogendreip Farm (Fig 1). Only in the last few years had Mr. Watt Fig. 2. Mating cluster in Colletes succinctus. observed the bees and not previously, in his more than fifty years of farm occupancy. The bees were A related species, Colletes hederae (Schmidt & subsequently identified as Colletes succinctus (Linn.). Westrich), the ivy bee, has been observed to form small knots of males when competing for females. A The bees had colonized extensive areas of sandy soils coloured photograph of a small group is shown in adjacent to the farmhouse, in which hundreds of Moenen (2005). Other species of the genus also individual nests formed two main “villages” with exhibit mating clusters. -
Brood Parasitism in a Host Generalist, the Shiny Cowbird: I
BROOD PARASITISM IN A HOST GENERALIST, THE SHINY COWBIRD: I. THE QUALITY OF DIFFERENT SPECIES AS HOSTS PAUL MASON 1 Departmentof Zoology,University of Texas,Austin, Texas 78712 USA ASSTRACT.--TheShiny Cowbird (Molothrusbonariensis) of South America, Panama, and the West Indies is an obligate brood parasiteknown to have used 176 speciesof birds as hosts. This study documentswide variability in the quality of real and potential hostsin terms of responseto eggs, nestling diet, and nest survivorship. The eggs of the parasiteare either spotted or immaculate in eastern Argentina and neighboring parts of Uruguay and Brazil. Most speciesaccept both morphs of cowbird eggs,two reject both morphs, and one (Chalk- browed Mockingbird, Mimus saturninus)rejects immaculate eggs but acceptsspotted ones. No species,via its rejection behavior, protectsthe Shiny Cowbird from competition with a potentialcompetitor, the sympatricScreaming Cowbird (M. rufoaxillaris).Cross-fostering ex- periments and natural-history observationsindicate that nestling cowbirds require a diet composedof animal protein. Becausemost passerinesprovide their nestlingswith suchfood, host selectionis little restricted by diet. Species-specificnest survivorship, adjustedto ap- propriatevalues of Shiny Cowbird life-history variables,varied by over an order of mag- nitude. Shiny Cowbirds peck host eggs.This density-dependentsource of mortality lowers the survivorshipof nestsof preferred hostsand createsnatural selectionfor greater gener- alization. Host quality is sensitive to the natural-history attributes of each host speciesand to the behavior of cowbirds at nests.Received 4 June1984, accepted26 June1985. VARIATIONin resourcequality can have great parasitized176 species(Friedmann et al. 1977). ecologicaland evolutionary consequences.Ob- The Shiny Cowbird is sympatric with a poten- ligate brood parasites never build nests but tial competitor, the ScreamingCowbird (M. -
Rejection Behavior by Common Cuckoo Hosts Towards Artificial Brood Parasite Eggs
REJECTION BEHAVIOR BY COMMON CUCKOO HOSTS TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL BROOD PARASITE EGGS ARNE MOKSNES, EIVIN ROSKAFT, AND ANDERS T. BRAA Departmentof Zoology,University of Trondheim,N-7055 Dragvoll,Norway ABSTRACT.--Westudied the rejectionbehavior shown by differentNorwegian cuckoo hosts towardsartificial CommonCuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs. The hostswith the largestbills were graspejectors, those with medium-sizedbills were mostlypuncture ejectors, while those with the smallestbills generally desertedtheir nestswhen parasitizedexperimentally with an artificial egg. There were a few exceptionsto this general rule. Becausethe Common Cuckooand Brown-headedCowbird (Molothrus ater) lay eggsthat aresimilar in shape,volume, and eggshellthickness, and they parasitizenests of similarly sizedhost species,we support the punctureresistance hypothesis proposed to explain the adaptivevalue (or evolution)of strengthin cowbirdeggs. The primary assumptionand predictionof this hypothesisare that somehosts have bills too small to graspparasitic eggs and thereforemust puncture-eject them,and that smallerhosts do notadopt ejection behavior because of the heavycost involved in puncture-ejectingthe thick-shelledparasitic egg. We comparedour resultswith thosefor North AmericanBrown-headed Cowbird hosts and we found a significantlyhigher propor- tion of rejectersamong CommonCuckoo hosts with graspindices (i.e. bill length x bill breadth)of <200 mm2. Cuckoo hosts ejected parasitic eggs rather than acceptthem as cowbird hostsdid. Amongthe CommonCuckoo hosts, the costof acceptinga parasiticegg probably alwaysexceeds that of rejectionbecause cuckoo nestlings typically eject all hosteggs or nestlingsshortly after they hatch.Received 25 February1990, accepted 23 October1990. THEEGGS of many brood parasiteshave thick- nestseither by grasping the eggs or by punc- er shells than the eggs of other bird speciesof turing the eggs before removal. Rohwer and similar size (Lack 1968,Spaw and Rohwer 1987). -
Floral Resource Competition Between Honey Bees and Wild Bees: Is There Clear Evidence and Can We Guide Management and Conservation?
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325627761 Floral Resource Competition Between Honey Bees and Wild Bees: Is There Clear Evidence and Can We Guide Management and Conservation? Article in Environmental Entomology · June 2018 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy077 CITATIONS READS 12 603 4 authors, including: Victoria Wojcik Pollinator Partnership 11 PUBLICATIONS 72 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Victoria Wojcik on 19 June 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Environmental Entomology, XX(X), 2018, 1–12 doi: 10.1093/ee/nvy077 Pollinator Ecology and Management Review Floral Resource Competition Between Honey Bees and Wild Bees: Is There Clear Evidence and Can We Guide Management and Conservation? Victoria A. Wojcik,1 Lora A. Morandin, Laurie Davies Adams, and Kelly E. Rourke Pollinator Partnership, 423 Washington Street, 5th floor, San Francisco, CA 94111, and 1Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman Received 31 October 2017; Editorial decision 2 May 2018 Abstract Supporting managed honey bees by pasturing in natural landscapes has come under review due to concerns that honey bees could negatively impact the survival of wild bees through competition for floral resources. Critique and assessment of the existing body of published literature against our criteria focussing on studies that can support best management resulted in 19 experimental papers. Indirect measures of competition examining foraging patterns and behavior yielded equivocal results. Direct measures of reproduction and growth were investigated in only seven studies, with six indicating negative impacts to wild bees from the presence of managed honey bees. -
Bees and Wasps of the East Sussex South Downs
A SURVEY OF THE BEES AND WASPS OF FIFTEEN CHALK GRASSLAND AND CHALK HEATH SITES WITHIN THE EAST SUSSEX SOUTH DOWNS Steven Falk, 2011 A SURVEY OF THE BEES AND WASPS OF FIFTEEN CHALK GRASSLAND AND CHALK HEATH SITES WITHIN THE EAST SUSSEX SOUTH DOWNS Steven Falk, 2011 Abstract For six years between 2003 and 2008, over 100 site visits were made to fifteen chalk grassland and chalk heath sites within the South Downs of Vice-county 14 (East Sussex). This produced a list of 227 bee and wasp species and revealed the comparative frequency of different species, the comparative richness of different sites and provided a basic insight into how many of the species interact with the South Downs at a site and landscape level. The study revealed that, in addition to the character of the semi-natural grasslands present, the bee and wasp fauna is also influenced by the more intensively-managed agricultural landscapes of the Downs, with many species taking advantage of blossoming hedge shrubs, flowery fallow fields, flowery arable field margins, flowering crops such as Rape, plus plants such as buttercups, thistles and dandelions within relatively improved pasture. Some very rare species were encountered, notably the bee Halictus eurygnathus Blüthgen which had not been seen in Britain since 1946. This was eventually recorded at seven sites and was associated with an abundance of Greater Knapweed. The very rare bees Anthophora retusa (Linnaeus) and Andrena niveata Friese were also observed foraging on several dates during their flight periods, providing a better insight into their ecology and conservation requirements. -
(Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila) in Serbia
ZooKeys 1053: 43–105 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1053.67288 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Contribution to the knowledge of the bee fauna (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila) in Serbia Sonja Mudri-Stojnić1, Andrijana Andrić2, Zlata Markov-Ristić1, Aleksandar Đukić3, Ante Vujić1 1 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 2 University of Novi Sad, BioSense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3 Scientific Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia Corresponding author: Sonja Mudri-Stojnić ([email protected]) Academic editor: Thorleif Dörfel | Received 13 April 2021 | Accepted 1 June 2021 | Published 2 August 2021 http://zoobank.org/88717A86-19ED-4E8A-8F1E-9BF0EE60959B Citation: Mudri-Stojnić S, Andrić A, Markov-Ristić Z, Đukić A, Vujić A (2021) Contribution to the knowledge of the bee fauna (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila) in Serbia. ZooKeys 1053: 43–105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.67288 Abstract The current work represents summarised data on the bee fauna in Serbia from previous publications, collections, and field data in the period from 1890 to 2020. A total of 706 species from all six of the globally widespread bee families is recorded; of the total number of recorded species, 314 have been con- firmed by determination, while 392 species are from published data. Fourteen species, collected in the last three years, are the first published records of these taxa from Serbia:Andrena barbareae (Panzer, 1805), A. -
Frontiers in Zoology
Frontiers in Zoology This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. A cuckoo in wolves' clothing? Chemical mimicry in a specialized cuckoo wasp of the European beewolf (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae and Crabronidae) Frontiers in Zoology 2008, 5:2 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-5-2 Erhard Strohm ([email protected]) Johannes Kroiss ([email protected]) Gudrun Herzner ([email protected]) Claudia Laurien-Kehnen ([email protected]) Wilhelm Boland ([email protected]) Peter Schreier ([email protected]) Thomas Schmitt ([email protected]) ISSN 1742-9994 Article type Research Submission date 30 May 2007 Acceptance date 11 January 2008 Publication date 11 January 2008 Article URL http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/2 This peer-reviewed article was published immediately upon acceptance. It can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for any purposes (see copyright notice below). Articles in Frontiers in Zoology are listed in PubMed and archived at PubMed Central. For information about publishing your research in Frontiers in Zoology or any BioMed Central journal, go to http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/info/instructions/ For information about other BioMed Central publications go to http://www.biomedcentral.com/ © 2008 Strohm et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Serves As a Model, to Show, That Solitary Bees and Their Essential Needs Must Be Considered Before the Implementation of the Measure
serves as a model, to show, that solitary bees and their essential needs must be considered before the implementation of the measure. At this habitat the characteristic heather-bees (Colletes succinctus and Andrena fuscipes) and their cuckoo bees (Epeolus cruciger and Nomada rufipes) were present. However, the local population included only a low number of individuals, with an imbalanced host-parasite relation. Maintenance measure of heather (mowing, grazing, burning or mechanical measures like “Schoppern, Abplaggen”) interfere massively with the needs of the characteristic heather-bee species and can destroy the habitats (pollen-, nectar-resources and nesting sites) for many years. The needs of the local solitary bee population must be considerate for any maintenance measure of habitats, as this case study revealed; otherwise the local population of solitary bees might diminish. Plant protection, pollination Pflanzenschutz, Bestäubung 2. BICOPOLL - Targeted precision biocontrol and pollination enhancement in organic cropping systems. Dr. Otto Boecking, Victoria Kreipe (Celle) Organic berry and fruit production suffers heavily from the lack of effective disease and pest management tools, and from inadequate insect pollination at times. As a consequence, the expanding demand on organic berries cannot be filled today. BICOPOLL expects to change this, and to significantly improve the yield and quality of organic fruit and berry production and thus, farm economics. We will use bees to (i) target deliver biological control agents to the flowers of the target crops to provide control of problem diseases, and to (ii) improve the pollination of organic horticultural crops. We will provide a pan-European case study on protecting organic strawberry from its most important disease, the grey mould. -
Polistes Wasps and Their Social Parasites: an Overview
Ann. Zool. Fennici 43: 531–549 ISSN 0003-455X Helsinki 29 December 2006 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2006 Polistes wasps and their social parasites: an overview Rita Cervo Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, University of Florence, via Romana 17, I-50125 Florence, Italy (e-mail: rita.cervo@unifi.it) Received 10 Dec. 2005, revised version received 29 Nov. 2006, accepted 6 May 2006 Cervo, R. 2006: Polistes wasps and their social parasites: an overview. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 43: 531–549. Severe brood care costs have favoured the evolution of cheaters that exploit the paren- tal services of conspecifics or even heterospecifics in both birds and social insects. In Polistes paper wasps, three species have lost worker castes and are dependent on hosts to produce their sexuals, while other species use hosts facultatively as an alternative to caring for their own brood. This paper offers an overview of the adaptations, strategies and tricks used by Polistes social parasites to successfully enter and exploit host social systems. Moreover, it also focuses on the analogous solutions adopted by the well-known brood parasite birds, and stresses the evolutionary convergence between these two phy- logenetically distant taxa. A comparative analysis of life-history patterns, as well as of phylogenetic relationships of living facultative and obligate parasitic species in Polistes wasps, has suggested a historical framework for the evolution of social parasitism in this group. As with avian brood parasites, the analysis of adaptation and counter adaptation dynamics should direct the future approach for the study of social parasitism in Polistes wasps. -
Pseudo-Oligolecty in Colletes Hederae (Apidae-Colletinae, Hymenoptera)
© Biologiezentrum Linz, download www.zobodat.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 47/1 301-306 31.7.2015 Pseudo-oligolecty in Colletes hederae (Apidae-Colletinae, Hymenoptera) Herwig TEPPNER & Ursula BROSCH Abstract:Colletes hederae SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1993 females collect pollen from a number of different plant families at the beginning of the activity period (own observations and literature). Later, when Hedera helix is fully in bloom, it was believed for a long time, that the bee restricts its gathering to Hedera. However, at the peak of Hedera anthesis, C. hederae favours flowers of Rhus chinensis (Anacardiaceae) and Fallopia japonica (Polygonaceae), and others. Thus C. hederae is clearly polylectic with a binding to Hedera only caused due to environmental factors, i.e. the lack or insufficient presence of other attractive nectar and pollen sources. For this behaviour the term pseudo-oligolecty is proposed. K e y w o r d s : Hymenoptera, Apidae, Colletes hederae, Colletidae, pollen collection, pollen transport, propodeum-corbiculae, monolecty, oligolecty, polylecty, pseudo- oligolecty Introduction Colletes hederae SCHMIDT & WESTRICH, 1993 was observed for the first time in Styria in 2008 (TEPPNER & al. 2009). Since then, the species was observed regularly every year. So some additions can be given, especially information about the range of visited flowers. U. BROSCH contributed the analyses of pollen loads whereas the first author is responsible for the other parts of the paper. Material and methods Additionally to the voucher specimens mentioned in TEPPNER & al. (2009) 21 specimens from Graz and one from Vienna are deposited in the first author's collection. Pollen for analyses of pollen loads was taken from specimens in the collection or from live bees after cooling.