Hemidactylus History of Treeboas (Corallus Grenadensis) and Humans Flaviviridis on Grenada: Rüppel 1835, a Hypothetical Excursion

WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSIRCF REPTILES • VOL15, &NO AMPHIBIANS 4 • DEC 2008 189 • 27(1):48–49 • APR 2020

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLES Tail . ChasingBifurcation Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: in a Yellow-bellied House On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 Gecko,. The SharedHemidactylus History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans flaviviridis on Grenada: Rüppel 1835, A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCH ARTICLESin Chitwan, Nepal . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight AnoleSantosh (Anolis equestris Bhattarai) in Florida1 , Babu Ram Lamichhane1, and Naresh Subedi2 ...... Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 1National Trust for Nature Conservation-Biodiversity Conservation Center, Ratnanagar-06, Chitwan-44204, Nepal ([email protected]) CONSERVATION2National Trust ALERT for Nature Conservation, P.O. Box 3712, Khumaltar, Lalitpur-44700, Nepal . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ...... 225

f the six speciesHUSBANDRY of house geckos (genus Hemidactylus) and Kumbar 2016). Herein we report an adult Hemidactylus . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ...... Shannon Plummer 226 Oknown to occur in Nepal, the Yellow-bellied House flaviviridis with a bifurcated tail from Chitwan, to the best of Gecko (HemidactylusPROFILE flaviviridis) is the largest and has the our knowledge the first such case for any lizard in Nepal. most extensive distribution. Kraig Adler: A(Schleich Lifetime Promoting and Herpetology Kästle ...... 2002). At 2035 h on 28 MichaelJuly L.2019, Treglia 234we observed an adult Yellow-bellied HouseCOMMENTARY Geckos occur sympatrically with other Yellow-bellied House Gecko with a bifurcated tail (Fig. 1) house geckos, functioning. The Turtles largely Have Been asWatching human Me ...... commensals at Ratnanagar-06, Bachhauli, Eric GangloffChitwan, 238 Nepal (27°34'53"N, but also exploitingBOOK natural REVIEW habitats such as trees and rocks 84°30'16"E). The individual appeared healthy with no evi- (Schleich and Kästle 2002;. Threatened Shah Amphibians and Tiwari of the World 2004; edited Bhatttaraiby S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann,dent injuries J.S. Chanson, or malformationN.A. Cox, other than the bifid tail. The et al. 2017, 2018). R. Berridge, P. Ramani, and B.E. Young ...... autotomized portion was almost Robert Powell equal 243 in length to the origi- Many lizards, including most geckos, are known to shed  CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Publishednal. Conservation We released Research theReports gecko ...... at the site 245 of capture and moni- their tails as an escape NATURAL mechanism HISTORY (e.g., RESEARCH Domínguez-López REPORTS: Summaries of Publishedtored itReports for onthe Natural next History ten ...... days, frequently 247 observing it during et al. 2015), although NEWBRIEFS tail loss ...... also has been attributed to ...... 248  EDITORIAL INFORMATION ...... the day (Fig. 1)...... 251 intraspecific territorial FOCUS aggression ON CONSERVATION and mating: A Project events You Can(e.g., Support ...... Multiple tails have been recorded 252 for many species of liz- Koleška and Jablonski 2015). When lost or damaged tails are ards, including H. flaviviridis in Maharashtra, India (Kumbar regenerated, abnormalities such as multiple tails sometimes et al. 2011). Although a bifurcated tail could possibly affect occur (e.g., Arnold 1988; Gogliath et al. 2012; Yankanchi locomotion in some instances, some individuals with multiple Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. tails canBack Cover.survive Michael and Kern reproduce despite the abnormality (e.g., Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil Cunhaestibus inveliquo Passos velique et al. rerchil 2014). We suggest that detailed studies erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus,could lead quos to accullabo. a better Ilibus understanding of performance by such aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque malformedfugiatis maionsequat individuals. eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo. Acknowledgements We thank the National Trust for Nature Conservation for logisti- cal support. We also thank Dip Prasad Chaudhary and Surendra Chaudhary from the NTNC-Biodiversity Conservation Center, Sauraha, Chitwan, for assistance in the field.

Literature Cited Arnold, E.N.1988. Caudal autotomy as a defense, pp. 235–273. In: C. Gans and R.B. Huey (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 16, Ecology B. Defense and Live History. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, New York. Bhattarai, S., C.P. Pokheral, B.R. Lamichhane, and N. Subedi. 2017. Herpetofauna of a Ramsar Site: Beeshazar and associated lakes, Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Reptiles & Amphibians 24: 17–29. Fig. 1. An adult Yellow-bellied House Gecko (Hemidactylus flaviviridis) Bhattarai, S., C.P. Pokheral, B.R. Lamichhane, U.R. Regmi, A.K. Ram, and with a bifurcated tail. Photographs by Dip Prasad Chaudhary/NTNC- N. Subedi. 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of Parsa National Park, Nepal. BCC (top) and Santosh Bhattarai (bottom). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12: 35–48.

Cunha Passos, D., L. Tavares Pinheiro, C.A. Barbosa Galdino, and C.F. Duarte punctatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1839). Ecologica Montenegrina 3: 26–28. Rocha.2014. Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Calango de Lagedo). Tail bifurcation. Kumbar, S.M., A.B. Ghadage, and V.M. Shendage. 2011. Hemidactylus flaviviridis Herpetological Review 45: 138. (House Gecko). Bifurcation. Herpetological Review 42: 94. Domínguez-López, M.E., Á.M. Ortega-León, and G. Zamora-Abrego. 2015. Tail autotomy effects on the escape behavior of the lizard Gonatodes albogularis Schleich, S.H. and W. Kästle (eds.). 2002. Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal: Biology, (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae), from Córdoba, Colombia. Revista Chilena de Systematics, Field Guide. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, Liechtenstein. Historia Natural 88: 1 (DOI 10.1186/s40693-014-0010-6). Shah, K.B. and S. Tiwari. 2004. Herpetofauna of Nepal: A Conservation Companion. Gogliath, M., L.C.M. Pereira, P.A. Nicola, and L.B. Ribeiro. 2012. Ameiva ameiva IUCN Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. (Giant Ameiva). Bifurcation. Herpetological Review 43: 129. Yankanchi, S.R. and S.M. Kumbar. 2016. Bifid tail in Hemidactylus prashadi Koleška, D. and D. Jablonski. 2015. Tail trifurcation recorded in Algyroides nigro- (Smith, 1935). Reptile Rap 18: 34–35.