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Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Southern India MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA , ISSN 1800–427X. June, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 01: pp. 12–20, 5 pls. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A NEW CRYPTIC SPECIES OF GECKO OF THE GENUS Hemidactylus Oken, 1817 (REPTILIA: GEKKONIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN INDIA Sectional Editor: Stephen Mahony Submitted: 10 September 2013, Accepted: 01 May 2014 Zeeshan A. Mirza1,* and Rajesh V. Sanap1 1 National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species of gecko superficially resembling Hemidactylus maculatus is described from the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Hemidactylus acanthopholis sp. nov. is a large sized Hemidactylus, SVL at least 91.7mm. Dorsal scalation on trunk granular, intermixed with enlarged, fairly regularly arranged longitudinal rows of 18–20 trihedral, moderately keeled, striated tubercles of equal size on dorso-lateral aspect, 2–3 rows of tubercles on mid-dorsal smaller in size, approximately two dorsal granular scales wide. Two large rounded and one small internasal between nasals. Two pairs of postmentals, anterior pair is twice as long and wide as the posterior pair. Scales on ventral trunk arranged in 35–40 rows. Lamellae divided, 9, 11, 10, 10, 10 on manus, and 10, 12, 12, 12, 12 on pes respectively on digits I–V. Caudal pholidosis on dorsal aspect, consist of small, striated scales intermixed with large rounded un-keeled tubercles, scales sub-equal throughout and a series of large eight enlarged, moderately keeled and weakly striated and flattened tubercles in a whorl on each caudal segment. Femoral pores, 19–21 on each side separated medially by 13–14 pore-less scales. Keywords: biogeography, Hemidactylus maculatus, species-complex, taxonomy, Western Ghats Introduction Hemidactylus is the most species rich gekkonid Purkayastha et al., 2010). Members of this genus with at least 124 (McMahan & Zug genus and in general gekkonids in India are 2007; Uetz & Hošek 2013) described species poorly known however, there has been an and comprises of at least 25 species in India increased attention towards documentation of including H. karenorum (Theobald), H. diversity of gekkonids evident from the robustus Heyden and excluding Dravidogecko descriptions of five new species of the genus anamallensis Günther (Agarwal et al., 2011; Hemidactylus in the last five years and several Bansal & Karanth, 2013; Bauer et al., 2010; taxonomic amendments which include removal Bauer et al., 2012; Mahony & Zug, 2008, and addition of species to the list of Indian 12 TAPROBANICA VOL. 06: NO. 01 A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS Hemidactylus FROM SOUTHERN INDIA Hemidactylus (Agarwal et al., 2011; Bauer et from base of heel to knee); tail length (TL, al., 2012; Giri, 2008; Giri & Bauer, 2008, Giri from vent to tip of tail); tail width (TW, et al., 2009; Mahony, 2009; Purkayastha et al., measured at widest point of tail); head length 2010). Hemidactylus maculatus Duméril & (HL, distance between retroarticular process of Bibron, 1836 is a large sized gecko which was jaw and snout-tip); head width (HW, maximum thought to be widespread across the Western width of head); head height (HH, maximum Ghats and other parts of peninsular India height of head, from occiput to underside of (Smith, 1935); however recent investigations jaws); forearm length (FL, from base of palm to show that H. maculatus is a complex of elbow); ear length (EL, longest dimension of multiple species (Agarwal et al., 2011; Javed et ear); orbital diameter (OD, greatest diameter of al., 2009, 2011). H. maculatus is now known orbit); nares to eye distance (NE, distance with certainty only from Northern Western between anteriormost point of eye and nostril); Ghats of Gujarat and Maharashtra; population snout to eye distance (SE, distance between from south eastern Karnataka and north Tamil anteriormost point of eye and tip of snout); eye Nadu can now be attributed to H. graniticolus to ear distance (EE, distance from anterior edge Agarwal, Giri & Bauer, 2011 and those from of ear opening to posterior most edge of orbit); northern Andhra Pradesh represents an internarial distance (IN, distance between undescribed species (Javed et al., 2011; nares); interorbital distance (IO, shortest Mahony 2011). distance between left and right supraciliary scale rows) (Table 1). Measurements of the During a recent visit to the Natural History digits were recorded from the base of the digit Museum, London, we examined material to base of the claw. Meristic counts and assigned to the species H. maculatus and H. external observations of morphology were hunae Deraniyagala, 1937. As highlighted made using a Wild M5 dissecting microscope. earlier by Agarwal et al. (2011) and similar Images of the specimens were taken with a doubts by Javed et al. (2011) the material Canon 550D mounted with a Canon 100mm assigned to H. hunae represents three forms of macro illuminated with two external Canon which one is the type from Sri Lanka, the 430EX-II flashes and plates were edited in second one has been described as H. Adobe Photoshop CS5. Morphological data for graniticolus by Agarwal et al. (2011) species was obtained from Agarwal et al. represented by six specimens from Salem, (2011), Amarasinghe et al. (2009), Batuwita & northern Tamil Nadu. Another form, which is Pethiyagoda (2012), Smith (1935), and Javed et represented by three specimens from al. (2011). Abbreviations for institution used in Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu in the the manuscript are as follows: BMNH, British collection of the museum, represents yet Museum of Natural History (UK); BNHS, another undescribed cryptic species which we Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai here describe as a new species based on (India); CAS, Californian Academy of material from the Natural History Museum, Sciences, San Francisco (USA); ZSI, London as well as from the collection of the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata (India). Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai and List of comparative material examined is Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. The new presented in Appendix I. species is compared to Indian and Sri Lankan members of the genus and in particular to those Systematics of the H. maculatus complex including their Hemidactylus acanthopholis sp. nov. synonyms. Figs. 1–7 (Plates 3–7), Table 1 Materials and Methods Holotype: adult male (91.7mm SVL), BMNH All measurements were taken following Giri & 1946.8.23.68 (74.4.29.1050); Tirunelveli Bauer (2008) with Mitutoyo digital calipers (to District (=Tinnevelly), Tamil Nadu, India. coll. the nearest 0.1mm): snout-vent length (SVL, Colonel R. H. Beddome. from tip of snout to vent); trunk length (TRL, distance from axilla to groin measured from Paratypes: adult male (82.2mm SVL), BMNH posterior edge of forelimb insertion to anterior 1946.8.23.67 (74.4.29.1049), Tirunelveli edge of hind limb insertion); body width (BW, District, Tamil Nadu, India. coll. Colonel R. H. maximum width of body); crus length (CL, Beddome; adult male (108.6mm SVL), ZSI 13 TAPROBANICA VOL. 06: NO. 01 MIRZA & SANAP, 2014 12429, Tirunelveli District (=Tinnevelly), (HH/HL ratio 0.58), distinct from neck (Fig. Tamil Nadu, India, purchased from E. Gerard; 2A); loreal region slightly inflated; canthus adult female (85.5mm SVL), BMNH rostralis moderately inflated; snout relatively 1946.8.23.69 (74.4.29.1051), Tirunelveli short (SE/HW ratio 0.56) and obtusely pointed District, Tamil Nadu, India, coll. Colonel R. H. at lateral view, longer than eye diameter Beddome; adult female (79.8mm SVL), BNHS (OD/SE ratio 0.52); scales on snout and 1670, Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, forehead large, circular as well as oval, Tamil Nadu, India, coll. S. P. Vijayakumar. granular and juxtaposed; scales on snout larger than those on occipital region; scales enlarged, Other examined materials: adult male, ZSI round, slightly depressed between eye and ear; 24959a and adult female ZSI 24959b, Pamber, four large, un-keeled, slightly depressed Banatheertham, 16km south west of tubercles present on the upper and anterior Mundanthurai, Tirunelveli District, Tamil border of the ear; eyes large (OD/HL ratio Nadu, India, coll. S. S. Saha, 18 IX 1992; adult 0.29); pupil vertical and dilated with crenulated males, CAS 104311, CAS 104313 and adult margins; supraciliaries small, pointed, anterior- females, CAS 104312, CAS 104314, most are slightly larger; ear-opening large, sub- Courtallam, Tamil Nadu, India, coll. J. C. oval, slightly oblique, its length more than half Daniel, 20 V 1966; juvenile, BNHS 1671, of diameter of eye (EL/OD ratio 0.53), ears Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil lacking lobules; eye to ear distance greater than Nadu, India, coll. S. P. Vijayakumar. diameter of eye (EE/OD ratio 1.14); rostral quadrangular, much wider than deep; divided Diagnosis: A large sized Hemidactylus, SVL at by a suture dorsomedially for 1/3 of its length; least 91.7mm. Dorsal scalation on trunk rostral in contact with nasal, first supralabial, granular, intermixed with enlarged, fairly one supranasal and internasals; two large and regularly arranged longitudinal rows of 18–20 one small internsal present between trihedral, moderately keeled, striated tubercles supranasals; nasals circular and in touch with of equal size on dorso-lateral aspect, 2–3 rows rostral, one enlarged supranasal, and two tubercles on mid-dorsal smaller in size of about postnasals; mental triangular, larger than two dorsal granular scale wide. Two large postmentals; two pairs of postmentals, anterior rounded and one small internasal between pair twice as long and wide as the posterior pair nasals. Two pair of postmentals, anterior pair is and in contact with each other; anterior twice as long and wide as the posterior pair. postmentals in touch with mental, infralabials, Scales on trunk venter arranged in 35–40 rows.
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