His Army Into Despair
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Sir�j al-taw�rıkh volume two 1 By the Honorable Order of His Highness, the Lamp of the Nation and the Religion The Just and Pious Ruler Volume Two Of the Excellent Book, Sir�j al-taw�rıkh the events of which have been penned under the auspices of His Royal Personage. Translated by: R.D. McChesney - Printed at the Hurufi Press, Kabul The Dar al-saltanah 1331 2 Fayz Muhammad “Katib” /l96/ In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate, We praise You, O God, the Sovereign of all sovereignty, You give kingship to whom You will; You take it from whom You will; You ennoble whom You will and You humble whom You will. We pray for Your beloved, the best of men, Muhammad, the Chosen One, and we pray for his pure, noble family and his pious, wise, and peerless Companions. And so on. Since with God’s help and with the aid and support of the mighty sovereign, I mean the Amir, son of the Amir, son of the Amir, son of the Amir, son of the Amir, His Highness, Siraj al-Millah wa’1-Din, Amir Habib Allah Khan—may his reign endure—this humble writer, Fayz Muhammad Khan, completed his record of the events of the reign of the Saduza’i clan and his writing of volume one of the Sir�j al-taw�rıkh and now embarks on the writing of volume two. In this volume he will record the circumstances of the kings from the noble Muhammadza√i clan of the Barakza√i branch from the inception of Amir Dust Muhammad Khan’s reign up to the beginning of the reign of His Highness, the Light of the Nation and the Religion, Amir fiAbd al-Rahman Khan. Seeking God’s guidance and the favor and grace of the padishah’s acceptance, the (real) creator of this book, the author deems himself the object of their benevolence. THE GENEALOGY OF THE MUHAMMADZA√I CLAN OF THE BARAKZA√I The head and founder of the line is Muhammad Khan, the son of ‘Umar Khan. Hence the eponym, Muhammadza√i. ‘Umar Khan was the son of Khizr Khan, the son of Isma’il, the son of Nik, the son of Daru, the son of Sayfal, the son of Nur al-Din, the son of Barak—whence the eponym, Barakza√i. Barak was the son of Sulayman (known as Zirak) the son of fiIsa, the son of Razar, the son of Abdal. Before the reign of Ahmad Shah, all the Durrani tribes were known as Abdali by virtue of descent from this man. But as discussed under the events of Ahmad Shah’s reign, the designation was changed to Durrani in his honor. Abdal was the son of Tarin, the son of Shar Khabun (known as Sharaf al-Din), son of Sarah, son of Qays fiAbd al-Rashid, nicknamed Patan. We will go no further here first because the Makhzan-i Afgh�n traces the genealogy name by name with the variant traditions all the way back to Adam and secondly because this work is a repository of the events of the (various) regimes and not an encyclopedia of the nation’s genealogies. In short, Muhammad Khan, founder of the Muhammadza√i line left four sons’ Hajji Khudaydad Khan, Ikhtiyar Khan, Gangi Khan, and Mazar Khan. Ikhtiyar Khan left one son, Muhammad Yafiqub Khan, who had one son, Muhammad Sarwar Khan. He also left one son, Hajji Muhammad Yusuf Khan. This contradicts what the author of ˘ay�t-i Afgh�nı says. He says: Hajji Muhammad Yusuf Khan was the son of Yaru, son of the aforementioned Muhammad Khan (founder of the line). Hajji Muhammad Yusuf Khan had two sons, Hajji Jamal Khan and Zabir Khan. Hajji Jamal Khan was one of the Sir�j al-taw�rıkh volume two 3 fourteen sardars of the Durrani clans who enjoyed influence and prestige at the court of Nadir Shah Afshar. He was the first to recognize Ahmad Shah as padishah and to swear obedience and allegiance to him. Others, in view of the size of his clan and his power and influence, followed his example and acknowledged Ahmad Shah’s sovereignty. As a reward for this favor, Ahmad Shah bestowed the title sardar on him. Since Jamal Khan had made the circumambulation of the House of God (the Ka’bah in Mecca), he was called hajji not sardar. In 1174, at the age of 86, his life came to an end. He left four sons: Hajji fiAbd al-Habib Khan, known as “Sakhi” (the generous one)—his generosity was without equal during his time and he was also an adherent of mysticism; 2) Hajji Darwish Khan; these two are pearls from the same oyster (i.e. full brothers); 3) Sardar Rahimdad Khan and 4) Sardar Payandah Khan. These latter two were also two gems from one jewelry box and two stars from the same constellation (i.e. full brothers). At the age of eight, Sardar Payandah Khan lost his father and was raised by Sardar Rahimdad, his elder brother. When he reached sixteen, as mentioned in volume one, he was promoted to sardar by Timur Shah, at the request of his own clan. After a while, as a consequence of his excellent service, he was accorded the title “Sar Faraz Khan.” In 1207/August 1792–August 1793, the Unique Creator gave him (a son) Amir Dust Muhammad Khan. /197/ In 1214/June 1799–May 1800, as mentioned in volume one, Shah Zaman put to death the thirty-six-year-old Sardar Payandah Muhammad Khan along with Amir Aslan Khan Jawanshir and a number of other people. He (Sardar Payandah Khan) had twenty-one sons of whom only one, Islam Khan, aged twelve, died during his lifetime. The political careers and deaths of the rest are as follows: 4 Fayz Muhammad “Katib” Name Date of Birth Length Length of Date of Place of Burial of Life Rule Death Wazir Fath Muharram 42 yrs 1234/1818-1 Mazar-i fiAli Lala, Khan 1192/ 819 Ghaznin February 1778 Nawwab Rabifi al-Sani Asad Khan 1192/ April 1778 Na√ib Timur 1195/1781 43 yrs Muharram Mazar-i Mihtar Lamk Quli Khan 1238 / Sept- Lamqan Oct. 1822 Nawwab 1197/ 1783 73 yrs 1270/1853-5 Mazar-i fiAshiqan wa fiAbd al- 4 fiArifan, Kabul Jabbar Khan Sardar 1200/1785-86 38 yrs 4 yrs 1270/1853-5 Beside Mazar-i fiAshiqan Muhammad 4 wa fiArifan fiAzim Khan Sardar Purdil 1200/1785-86 45 yrs 3 yrs Sat., 30 Zi’l- Mazar-i Hazrat Ji, Khan Qafidah1245/ Qandahar 23 May 1830 Nawwab 1200/1785-86 44 yrs 1244/1828-2 Gandamak on the Kabul- fiAbd al- 9 Jalalabad Road Samad Khan Sardar fiAta 1200/1785-86 39 yrs 1 yr and 1239/1823-2 Mazar-i Shaykh Habib- Muhammad several 4 Sahib, Peshawar Khan months Sardar 1201/1786-87 41 yrs 8 yrs Friday, 25 Mazar-i Hazrat Ji, Shayrdil Muharram Qandahar Khan 1234/Nov. 24, 1818 Sardar Yar 1205/1790-91 39 yrs 4 yrs 1244 Mazar-i Shaykh Habib, Muhammad Peshawar Khan Amir Dust Fri. 8 Jumada 72 yrs, 7 14 yrs (1st Tues, 21 Mazar-i Khwajah fiAbd Muhammad al-Awwal mos, 22 reign) 24 Zi’l-Hijjah Allah Ansari, Herat Khan 1207/22 days yrs (2nd 1279/ 9 June December reign) total 1863 1792 35 yrs Sardar 1208/1793-94 63 yrs 26 yrs Tues., 7 Zi’l- Mazar-i Hazrat Ji, Kuhandil Hijjah 1271/ Qandahar Khan 21 August 1855 Sir�j al-taw�rıkh volume two 5 Sardar Amir 1209/1794-95 42 yrs 1250/1834-3 Northwest side of Mazar- Muhammad 5 i fiAshiqan wa fiArifan, Khan Kabul Sardar Tarah Safar Mazar-i Mihtar Lamk, Baz Khan 1210/Aug-Sept Lamqan 1795 Sardar Sultan Rabifi al- 68 yrs 5 yrs Thurs 18 Puzah-i Siyah Sang on Muhammad Awwal 1210/ Rabifi al-Sani Tepe Marinjan, Kabul Khan Oct-Nov 1795 1278/ 23 Oct 1861 Sardar 1211/1796-97 64 yrs 2 months Rajab 1275/ Wadi al-Salam, Holy Rahmdil February Najaf Khan 1859 Sardar Safiid 1212/1797-98 65 yrs 1277/1860-6 Mazar-i Hazrat Ji, Muhammad 1 Qandahar Khan Sardar Muharram 59 yrs 27 Jumada Mazar-i Hazrat Ji, Mihrdil 1212/July al-Sani Qandahar Khan 1797 1271 /15 February 1855 Sardar Zi Qafidah 74 yrs 1288/1871-7 Mazar-i Khwajah Hasan Jumfiah Khan 1214/April, 2 Maymandi 1800 Sardar Pir Zi Hijjah1214/ 64 yrs Rabifi al- South side of Qalfiah-i Muhammad May 1800 Awwal 1288/ Mulla Firuz in Kabul Khan May-June 1871 /198/ One of them, Amir Dust Muhammad Khan, born on the eighth of Jumada al-Awwal 1207/22 December 1792 ascended the throne of the amirate of Afghanistan in 1254/1838 at the age of forty-seven. As a consequence of the English occupation he went to India under terms of the agreement set forth in volume one, returned to Kabul in 1258/1842 and again was enthroned. THE ACCESSION OF THE AMIR-I KABIR TO THE THRONE OF THE AMIRATE OF AFGHANISTAN After the seven-day celebration and festival of light which marked the joyous occasion of the Amir-i Kabir’s arrival in Kabul, another celebration was arranged and at an auspicious hour at the beginning of 1259, which is equivalent to 1843, he was again crowned, gracing the throne and fulfilling the regulations of the Sharifiah. His coins (dirhams and dinars) were minted with these verses: 6 Fayz Muhammad “Katib” By the grace and favor of the Great Creator, Amir Dust Muhammad Khan again strikes gold coins.