A Phenomenological Research Study on the Treatment
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NSU Works Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses CAHSS Theses and Dissertations and Dissertations 1-1-2018 A Phenomenological Research Study on the Treatment Experience of Opioid Addicts: Exploring the Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Conflicts that Opioid Addicts Face During the Treatment Process Nicole Marie Ouzounian This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, please click here. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd Part of the Community-Based Research Commons, and the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Share Feedback About This Item This Dissertation is brought to you by the CAHSS Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Phenomenological Research Study on the Treatment Experience of Opioid Addicts: Exploring the Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Conflicts that Opioid Addicts Face During the Treatment Process by Nicole Ouzounian A Dissertation Presented to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences of Nova Southeastern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nova Southeastern University 2018 Nova Southeastern University College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences This dissertation was submitted by Nicole Ouzounian under the direction of the chair of the dissertation committee listed below. It was submitted to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements forthe degree of Philosophy in the Departmentof Conflict Analysis and Resolution at Nova Southeastern University. Approved: Date of Defense Claire Michele Rice, Ph.D., Chair Neil Katz, Ph.D., Committee Member Elena Bastidas, Ph.D., Committee Member , 1 / , -i..-jns Date of Final Approval Claire Michele Rice, Ph.D., Chair Dedication I dedicate this research manuscript to all of the addicts struggling with drug and/ or alcohol addiction. There is not a day that goes by that I am not inspired by those who I am blessed to work for. Watching individuals fight for their lives, giving everything they have to transform their souls is a powerful reminder of just how strong we can truly be. I have great respect and admiration for those struggling with addiction and am honored to be fighting the fight with you. For me, this study was more than just an academic opportunity. My hope is that the voices of those representing recovery speak to the world about the underlying potential of what addiction has the potential to unveil for those who are on the recovery journey. I love you all! Acknowledgments This dissertation would not have happened had it not been for the love and support of my mother, Laura Toggweiler, who talked me out of many dark times when I wanted to give up. Words cannot express the gratitude I have for what you have done for me through this long process. You are not only my mother, but you are also my best friend. I love you. I would like to thank my step-father who introduced me to Nova and informed me of the Open House where I made the decision to go back to school. Our intellectual conversations were not only stimulating but also helped me believe that I had knowledge that needed to be shared. To my father who was the calming force throughout this process, never feeding off my anxiety while always providing words of encouragement. Watching Jag together cleared my mind more than you know. I love you both. To my kick boxing friends who gave me the forum to expel physical energy and exhaust me to the point where I could not think anymore. I needed that. To my friend Amy who made me get out of the house when I wanted to isolate. It is rare indeed to find a friend who gives but does not expect anything in return. You are a gem. I would also like to thank my dissertation Chair, Claire Michèle Rice, Ph.D., and my committee members, Neil Katz, Ph.D. and Elena Bastidas, Ph.D., who allowed me the opportunity to fulfill an academic dream. Thank you all for your patience and understanding when I needed extra time to complete this part of my journey. I would like to thank my boss and my mentor Wendi Rabucha. Watching you at work inspired me daily. Your passion and dedication to the clients we serve taught me a great deal about the power of love. I cannot tell you how grateful I am to you for allowing me the time to work on this manuscript. To the staff that I am so blessed to work with, thank you for taking over the house when I had to write, and a special thank you for being patient during my sassy times. Finally, thank you to my Lord Jesus Christ of which none of this would have been possible. You have moved mountains in my life to allow this to happen. I love you. Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................. v Abstract .......................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Research Problem ................................................................................................. 8 Research Question .............................................................................................. 10 Statement of Purpose .......................................................................................... 11 Theoretical Frameworks ..................................................................................... 12 Research Justification ......................................................................................... 14 Bracketing ........................................................................................................... 16 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................. 17 Summary .................................................................................................................. 21 Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................ 24 Overview of Treatment History ............................................................................... 26 Contextual Framework ............................................................................................. 33 Identity and Group Identification ........................................................................ 34 Personal and Social Stigmas ............................................................................... 38 High Risk Factors ............................................................................................... 44 Theoretical Analysis ................................................................................................ 47 Theory of Human Motivation ............................................................................. 47 Social Identity Theory ......................................................................................... 55 Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory ................................................... 59 i Relative Deprivation Theory ............................................................................... 65 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 72 Chapter 3: Research Methodology ................................................................................ 73 Research Method ..................................................................................................... 73 Epoche or Bracketing .......................................................................................... 76 Transcendental-Phenomenological Reduction .................................................... 76 Imaginative Variation ......................................................................................... 76 Synthesis ............................................................................................................. 78 Bracketing ........................................................................................................... 79 Sampling and Recruitment .................................................................................. 79 Data Collection and Analysis .............................................................................. 82 Ethical Issues and Protection of Human Participants ......................................... 90 Credibility and Validity ...................................................................................... 92 Summary .................................................................................................................. 93 Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings ........................................................................ 95 Brief Profile of Participants ....................................................................................