Pemikiran Politik Dan Dakwah Hasan Al-Banna

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Pemikiran Politik Dan Dakwah Hasan Al-Banna PEMIKIRAN POLITIK DAN DAKWAH HASAN AL-BANNA Yuni Fadilah Rahmi Kementerian Agama Kota Bengkulu Email: Yuni- [email protected] Abstract: The Political Thought and Propagation of Hasan Al-Banna. With the problem of how politics and propaganda hasan Al-banna? and how the political contributions and propagation of hasan Al Banna in Indonesia? This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This type of research is library research because this study sought to assess and analyze a character, trying to trace his ideas through the works, the events behind the birth. The results in this study are the political thinking of Hasan al-Banna, there are at least four things, namely: ‘Urubah (Arabism), Wathaniyah (Patriotism), Qaumiyah (Nationalism), and’ Alamiyah (Internationalism). Eight pillars Politics Hasan Al-Banna is as follows: 1) Integrated between Islam and politics (religion and state), 2) Inspired of consciousness shall liberate the homeland of Islam, 3) Inspired of consciousness shall establish an Islamic government, 4) Established the existence of Muslims, 5) Based the obligation on Islamic unity, 6) Received regulatory system, 7) Criticized multiparty and party 8) Preserved minority groups and foreign elementsHasan Al-Banna thought about propaganda. Da’wah done by Hasan al- Banna is as follows: 1. Forming Jama’ah Islamiyah (Al-Ihkwanul Muslims) 2. Preaching to people who do not go to the mosque to come into their homes, 3. Propagation not only through the pulpit but also through books, newspapers and magazines, 4. Propagation among campus. The contribution of Hasan al-Banna in politics and propaganda in Indonesia. Hasan al-Banna through the Muslim Brotherhood has spread its network at that time, also raised supports and other Arab countries to support the independence of Indonesia. The Muslim Brotherhood’s role in the independence of Indonesia, it can still be traced in the article titled Brotherhood and Indonesia. In the first-order election reform later appeared Islamic parties who use the name Masjumi, such as the New Masjumi Party and the Indonesian Islamic Political Party Masjumi (PPII Masjumi). The influence of the Muslim Brotherhood to the political thinking PKS in Indonesia is very dominant through the thought process that is carried by the alumni of universities in the Middle East. The Muslim Brotherhood has an influence on political thinking MCC ranging from the establishment of the transform of the missionary movement / MT becomes a party. Keywords: Hasan Albana Abstrak: Dengan permasalahan bagaimana politik dan dakwah hasan Al-banna? dan bagimana kontribusi politik dan dakwah hasan al banna di Indonesia? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) karena penelitian ini berusaha mengkaji dan menganalisi seorang tokoh, berusaha menelusuri ide dan gagasannya melalui karya-karya, peristiwa yang melatarbelakangi lahirnya karya tersebut. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah Pemikiran politik Hasan al-Banna, setidaknya ada empat hal, yaitu: ‘Urubah (Arabisme), Wathaniyah (Patriotisme), Qaumiyah (Nasionalisme), dan ‘Alamiyah (Internasionalisme). Delapan pilar Politik Hasan Al-Banna adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Memadukan antara Islam dan politik (agama dan negara), 2) Membangkitkan kesadaran wajib membebaskan tanah air Islam, 3) Membangkitkan kesadaran wajib mendirikan pemerintahan Islami, 4) Menegakkan eksistensi umat Islam, 5) Menyadarkan kewajiban persatuan Islam, 6) Menyambut sistem perundang-undangan, 7) Mengkritisi multipartai dan kepartaian 8).Melindungi kelompok minoritas dan unsur asing. Pemikiran Hasan Al-Banna tentang dakwah. Dakwah yang dilakukan oleh Hasan Al-Banna adalah sebagai berikut:1. Membentuk Jama’ah Islamiyah (Al-Ihkwanul Muslimin) 2. Dakwah kepada orang yang tidak pergi ke masjid dengan mendatangi ke rumah masing-masing, 3. Dakwah tidak hanya melalui mimbar namun juga melalui 83 Manthiq Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2017 Buku, Koran dan majalah, 4. Dakwah di kalangan kampus. Adapun kontribusi Hasan Al-Banna dalam politik dan dakwah di Indonesia. Hasan al-Banna melalui Ikhwanul Muslimin yang saat itu jaringannya telah tersebar, juga menggalang dukungan-dukungan negara Arab dan lainnya untuk mendukung kemerdekaan Indonesia. Peran Ikhwanul Muslimin dalam kemerdekaan Indonesia, itu, masih dapat ditelusuri jejaknya dalam artikel bertajuk Ikhwanul dan Indonesia. Pada pemilu pertama orde reformasi kemudian muncul partai-partai Islam yang menggunakan nama masyumi, seperti Partai Masyumi Baru dan Partai Politik Islam Indonesia Masyumi (PPII Masyumi). Pengaruh Ikhwanul Muslimin terhadap pemikiran politik Partai Keadilan Sejahtera di Indonesia sangat dominan melalui proses pemikiran yang dibawa oleh para alumni perguruan di Timur Tengah. Ikhwanul Muslimin mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pemikiran politik PKS mulai dari berdirinya yang mentranformasi dari gerakan dakwah/Tarbiyah menjadi sebuah partai. Kata kunci: Dakwah dan Politik Hasan Al-Banna Pendahuluan terus berada pada keraguan, kesinisan, dan Profesi Hasan Al-Banna yang sesungguhnya gambaran negatif tentang kami. adalah menyeru umat agar mengamalkan Al- Beberapa waktu lamanya beliau menetap di Qur’an dan berpegang teguh kepada Sunah Nabi Ismailiyah, kota dimana beliau mendirikan kantor yang agung Muhammad SAW. Beliau menjadi pertama Ikhwanul Muslimin bersama beberapa inspirasi bagi puluhan ribu mahasiswa, buruh, pengikutnya. Bahkan di Ismailiyah beliau men- petani, pedagang, dan berbagai golongan dirikan Ma’had Ummahatul Muslimin sebagai masyarakat yang lain pada saat itu. Hasan al- tempat pendidikan Islam khusus bagi para Banna berkata1, kami hanya ingin agar kelak Muslimah. Beberapa waktu kemudian Hasan Al- dalam menyikapi dakwah ini, kami akan masuk Banna dipindahkan ke Kairo, maka kantor pusat ke dalam salah satu dari empat golongan, yaitu dan kediaman pemimpin Ikhwanul Muslimin pun pertama Golongan Mukmin, mereka adalah orang- berpindah. 2 Kota Mesir saat itu, dakwah beliau orang yang meyakini kebenaran dakwah kami, cepat tersebar secara luas. Dakwahnya tampak percaya kepada perkataan kami, mengagumi begitu terang, seterang mentari yang terbit di pagi prinsip-prinsip kami, dan menemukan padanya hari. Dalam tempo yang relatif singkat, jumlah kebaikan yang menenangkan jiwanya. Kepada anggota Ikhwanul Muslimin telah mencapai angka orang yang seperti ini, kami mengajak untuk setengah juta orang. Para penguasa kala itu yang segera bergabung dan bekerja bersama kami nota bene merupakan boneka-boneka Inggris agar jumlah para mujahid semakin banyak, dan segera merasakan perkembangan seperti ini agar dengan tambahnya suara mereka, suara para sebagai ancaman besar. Mereka berusaha keras da’i akan semakin meninggi. Kedua, Golongan menjauhkan Imam Syahid Hasan Al-Banna dari yang Ragu-ragu, yaitu orang-orang yang belum kancah politik. Namun, upaya itu tak pernah mengetahui secara jelas hakikat kebenaran dan bisa menghentikan tekad dan langkah Hasan belum mengenal makna keikhlasan serta manfaat Al-Banna. Di kota Kairo ini pula Hasan Al-Banna di balik ucapan-ucapan kami. Ketiga, Golongan mendirikan harian Ikhwanul Muslimin sebagai yang Mencari Keuntungan, yaitu kelompok yang mimbar bagi tulisan-tulisan Hasan al Banna, tidak ingin memberikan dukungan kepada kami disamping mimbar-mimbar ceramahnya. sebelum mereka mengetahui keuntungan materi Ikhwanul Muslimin didirikan tahun 1928, pada yang dapat mereka peroleh sebagai imbalannya. saat itu Hasan Al-Banna baru berusia 22 tahun Keempat, Golongan yang Berprasangka Buruk, yang bekerja sebagai seorang guru. Gerakan ini yaitu orang-orang yang selalu berprasangka merupakan gerakan paling berpengaruh pada buruk kepada kami dan hatinya diliputi keraguan abad dua puluh yang mengarahkan kembali atas kami. Mereka selalu melihat kami dengan masyarakat Muslim ke tatanan Islam murni. Hasan kacamata hitam pekat, dan tidak berbicara Al-Banna dalam gerakannya untuk mengubah tentang kami kecuali dengan pembicaraan yang mode intelektual elite menjadi gejala popular sinis. Kecongkakan telah mendorong mereka yang kuat pengaruhnya pada interaksi antara 1 Hasan Al-Banna, Risalah…………….. , h. 31-32. 2 Hasan Al-Banna, Risalah……… h. 33 84 Yuni Fadilah Rahmi: Pemikiran Politik dan Dakwah Hasan Al-Banna agama dan politik, bukan saja di Mesir, namun Penguasa tidak boleh melanggarnya, dan jika juga di dunia Arab dan Muslim. Hasan Al-Banna melakukan pelanggaran itu, kerjanya dianggap merupakan tokoh kharismatis yang begitu dicintai tidak sah. Kekuasaanya dibatasi dengan ber- oleh pengikutnya.3 Negeri muslim yang bersatu bagai komitmen dan kewajiban yang telah sebagai suatu negara, yaitu al-khilafah4. digariskan. Ia harus mengikuti syariat yang Sikap pemikiran Hasan Al-Banna terhadap tidak membolehkan penguasa kecuali hal- pemerintahan, berkaitan erat dengan pe- hal yang dibolehkan untuk setiap indivdu, mahaman akan esensi Islam dan aqidahnya. juga mengharamkan untuknya sesutau yang Islam sebagaimana yang dipersepsikan Hasan diharamkan atas setiap individu. al-Banna menjadikan pemerintahan sebagai b. Pertanggungjawaban pemerintah atas segala salah satu pilarnya. Hasan memandang bahwa pelanggaran dan kesalahannya. pemerintahan Islam memiliki kaidah-kaidah c. Otoritas rakyat untuk menurunkan pejabat. yang tercermin dalam ulasan Al-Banna ketika Islam telah menegaskan kekuasaan rakyat membicarakan tentang problematika hukum di atas pemerintah. Mesir dan bagaimana memecahkannya berupa Sehubungan dengan itu, peneliti melihat karakteristik atau pilar-pilar pemerintahan Islam. Ia perlunya
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